七新八年级英语语法重点归纳

七新八年级英语语法重点

归纳

The latest revision on November 22, 2020

七年级（上）

一.发音技巧：音素，音节的划分，单词重音，连读，不完全爆破，语调

二.词类：名词，代词，动词，形容词，冠词，数词，副词，介词，连词，感

叹词

三.名词：1.可数名词（单复数变化形式及不规则变化）和不可数名词

（some/any/量词短语）

2.名词所有格

四.代词：1.人称代词2.物主代词3.指示代词

五.数词：基数词1-999

六.动词：一般现在时态（Be动词，动词do，第三人称单数）

七.冠词：不定冠词和定冠词

八.句子的种类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句

七年级（下）

一.一般现在时态

二.Therebe句型

三.现在进行时态

四.动词+v-ing,动词+todo

五.英语日期的表示方法

六.时间表达法

七.基数词变序数词

八.介词表示时间及地点的用法

八年级（上）

一.情态动词：

can,could,may,might,shall,should,will,would,must,need,haveto,hadbette r

二.一般将来时态：will/shall,begoingto

三.反身代词：形式和用法

四.一般过去时态和过去进行时态对比

五.形容词的比较等级：1.比较级2.最高级3.比较级+and+比较级4.The+比

较级，The+比较级

六.感叹句：What/How引导的

七.附加疑问句（反意疑问句）

八年级（下）

一.句子的成分：主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语

二.形容词和副词的比较等级：比较级，最高级，原级比较

三.状语从句：(时间-，条件-，原因-，结果-，)

四.动词不定式

五.宾语从句（that-/if/whether/疑问词引导/----语序----时态的变化）

英语语法专项-八年级上

不定代词单项选择 1. —What a great thing to have a robot at home! —Robots are really useful. One day they will help people do almost ________. A. something B. everything C. nothing 2. Sorry, I know ________about the news. You can ask Peter. A. nothing B. anything … C. something D. everything 3. Dear classmates, may I have your attention, please I have ________ to tell you. A. important something B. important anything C. something important D. anything important 4. —Is Laura in the teachers' office —No, I didn't see________ there. A. anybody B. somebody C. nobody D. everybody ~ 5. In the school, I asked one boy and two girls about the name of their headmaster, but ________of them could help me. A. neither B. none C. both D. all 6. Though Kung Fu Panda 3 is popular with teenagers, it won't be liked by ________. A. nobody B. somebody C. everybody D. anybody 7. Mum always tells me, “A smile costs ________, but gives much. ” A. anything B. something & C. everything D. nothing 8. I didn't read________interesting in today's newspaper.

七年级上册英语语法大全(整理版)

七年级上册英语语法 1.介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示"在……中"， "在……内"。例如： in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里 2). on blackboard 在黑板上 3). under表示"在……下"。例如： under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床上 4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如： behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后 5). near表示"在……附近"。例如： near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近 near the bed 在床附近 6). at表示"在……处"。例如： at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the door 在门口 7). of 表示"……的"。例如： a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of China 一张中国地图 2.冠词 a / an / the: 冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。 1）不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。 a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book； an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。 This is a cat. 这是一只猫。 It's an English book. 这是一本英语书。 His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。 2）定冠词the the可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。 Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？ ------ What can you see in the classroom? ------ I can see a bag. ------ Where's the bag? ------ It's on the desk. ------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀？ ------ 我能看见一个书包。 ------ 书包在哪呀？ ------ 在桌子上。 3、名词所有格名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式： 1）一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如： Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友 2）如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如： Teachers' Day 教师节 The boys' game 男孩们的游戏 3）如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如： Children's Day 儿童节 Women's Day 妇女节 4）表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如： Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸 5）动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语

八年级英语语法归纳整理

八年级英语语法归纳整理(下册) Topic1 一. 重点词汇 ( 一 ) 词形转换: 1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) king https://www.360docs.net/doc/c1679121.html,fortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety ( 二 ) 词的辨析 1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on 3. other /else 4. raise /rise 5.each /every 6.exciting / excited (三)重点词组: 1.go on a visit to 去……旅行 2. make the decision 做决定 3.bring back 带回 4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行 5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定 6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 预订 8. come up with 想出(主意) 9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望 10. pay for 支付;赔偿 11. raise money 筹钱 12. book a ticket 订票 13. make a room for sb 为……订房间 14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天 16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 17.find out 查出

八年级英语语法专项练习(人教版英语八年级)

八年级英语语法专项练习(人教版英语八年级) ()1._____doesacarcostinChina?Itcostsabout250,000yuan. A.Howmany B.Howmuch C.Howoften D.Howold ()2.Passmetheglasses,Tony, Ican_____watchTV. A.hardly B.really C.rather D.clearly ()3.Tomis______careful,hardlymakesmistakes. https://www.360docs.net/doc/c1679121.html,ually B.never C.always D.sometimes ()4.Thisisthekey_____thedoor,don'tlostit! A.to B.of C.with D.about ()5._____theyarebrothers,theydon'tlooklikeeachother. A.Because B.though C.When D.As ()6.Iusuallycometoschool_____. A.byabus B.onfoot C.byfoot D.onbus ()7.It's______weather_____awalk. A./?in B.a?for C.a ?of D./ ?for ()8.Hecan'tsee______sun,asheisblind. A.a B.an C.the D./ ()9.He________comebybus. A.sometimes B.sometimes C.sometime D.sometime ()10.Look,therearesomeapples______thetrees. A.on B.in C.of D.at ()11.Thelittlechildknows_____English,buthecansay_____somewords. A.many?some B.much ?afew C.alittle ?few D.little ?afew ()12.Here'saletterfrom_____to_____. A.she?he, B.hers ?him C.him ?her D.her ?him ()13.AskTom,he______knowtheanswers. A.may B.can C.maybe D.maybe ()14.Hecan'tridethebiketoschool,Ican't______.

新人教版｜七年级下册英语所有语法知识点全汇总-七下英语手写语法(最新最全)

新人教版｜七年级下册所有语法知识点全汇总一. 情态动词can的用法 can+动词原形，它不随主语的人称和数而变化。 1. 含有can的肯定句：主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。 2. 含有can的否定句：主语+can't+动词的原形+其他。 3. 变一般疑问句时，把can提前：Can+主语+动词原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语+can。否定回答：No，主语+can't. 4. 含有can的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他？ I can speak English.→I can't speak English.→Can you speak English? →What can you speak? 二. what time和when引导的特殊疑问句 1. 询问钟点时用what time，询问日期、月份、年份时用when。 2. What's the time?=What time is it?现在几点了？ 3. 时刻表达法：顺读法和逆读法。顺读法：“钟点+分钟”直接读数字。如：7: 05 seven five；8:16 eight sixteen 逆读法：借助介词past或to表示，要先说分再说钟点。 a. 当分钟不超过30分钟时（包括30分钟），即<或=30，用past表示。其结构为：“分钟+past+整点”意为“几点过几分”。如：1:25 twenty-five past one b. 当超过30分钟时，即>30，用to表示。其结构为：“所差分钟（即60—所过分钟数）+to+下一个整点”，to译成“差”，差几分钟到几点。如：4:38 twenty-two to five c. 当分钟为30分钟用half表示，当分钟为15分钟用a quarter。三. how引导的特殊疑问句 1. how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式，其答语分三种情况：

人教八年级英语上册第一单元语法知识点归纳

Unit 1 一、词组、短语： 1、go on vacation去度假， 2、stay at home 呆在家， 3、go to the mountains 上山/进山， 4、go to the beach到海边去， 5、visit museums 参观博物馆， 6、go to summer camp 去夏令营， 7、quite a few 相当多， 8、study for为……学习， 9、go out 出去， 10、most of the time大部分时间/绝大多数时间， 11、taste good 尝起来味道好， 12、have a good time玩的开心， 13、of course当然可以， 14、feel like感觉像……/想要, 15、go shopping购物， 16、in the past 在过去， 17、walk around绕……走， 18、too many 太多（可数名词前面）， 19、because of 因为， 20、one bowl of 一碗……, 21、find out 查出来/发现， 22、go on继续， 23、take photos 照相， 24、something important重要的事情， 25、up and down上上下下， 26、come up出来二、习惯用法、搭配

1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来…… 3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方到达某地 6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事 10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 12. look + adj 看起来 13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢？ 15. so + adj + that + 从句如此……以至于…… 16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事三、重点句子 1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假的？ 1）这是一个由疑问副词where引导的特殊疑问句。Where用来询问地点或场所，用于句首，其后跟一般疑问句。如：Where are you from？ Where does he live？ 2）go on vacation“去度假” He will go on vacation with his family. 他要和家人一起度假。【解析】 vacation [v?'ke??n] n 假期 = holiday on vacation 在度假 take a vacation 去度假 winter vacation 寒假 summer vacation 暑假 ①I have a lot of _______________every year . (vacation) ( ) ②— Where did Sarah go on vacation? — She went to America. A.on vacation B. take a vacation C. is on vacation D. is for vacation

七年级下册英语语法重点归纳整理

七年级下册英语语法重点归纳整理 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from? 一.短语： 1 .be from = come from 来自于---- 2. live in 居住在--- 3. on weekends 在周末 4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信;写信给某人 5 .in the world 在世界上in China 在中国 6.pen pal 笔友14 years old 14岁favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7.the United States 美国the United Kingdom 英国New York 纽约 8.speak English 讲英语like and dislike 爱憎 9.go to the movies 去看电影play sports 做运动二.重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) does he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. Unit 2 Where’s the post office?

(word完整版)八年级英语上册专项训练--语法填空(附答案人教新目标版)

八年级英语上册专项训练--语法填空（附答案人教新目标版）专题二语法填空一、根据句意，用适当的词语填空或用所给词语的适当形式填空。 Group 1 1．In the future, people will live up __to_be__ (be) 200 years old. 2．We make promises __to__ other people. However, promises you make to yourself are resolutions. 3．I want to be a __scientist__ (science) and I'm going to study science harder. 4．What's your __prediction__ (predict) about the future? 5．Mom, how much __corn__ (corn) do we need today? 6．Here is one way __to_make__ (make)turkey for a Thanksgiving dinner. 7．My friend __from__ Xi'an is coming here to visit my family. 8．We are very sad that she's leaving __because__ she is a fun teacher. 9．Bring your daughter here without __telling__ (tell)her so that she can be surprised. 10．How should people reply __to__ this invitation? Group 2 1．After the long trip, no one seemed __to_be__ (be)bored. 2．―How did you __like__ it? ―Everything was really interesting. 3．I have piano lessons __once__ (one) a week, every Wednesday evening. 4．Our questions are __about__ doing homework, using the Internet and watching TV. 5．Tina sang __more_loudly__ (loud)than Tara. 6．It's necessary for us __to_keep__ (keep) the pets clean at home. 7．What's the best movie theater to go __to__？ 8．There are shows __like__ American Idol and American Got Talent. 9．Most of the classmates love __watching__ (watch) games shows. 10．We all know and love the black mouse __with__ two large round ears―Mickey Mourse. 二、阅读短文，用括号中所给词的适当形式或根据上下文完成短文。 A There are three photos of my good friends on my desk. In the 1.__first__ (one) photo you can see Jerry. He is a tall and cool boy 2.__with__ short and str aight hair. He is the captain of our basketball team. He is very popular. All my 3.__classmates__ (classmate) like him very much. In the second photo, you can see the boy

八年级上册英语语法归纳

八年级上册英语语法归纳【篇一】 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father’s job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如： ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特? ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制;而Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如： What color do you like best? (所有颜色) 你最喜爱什么颜色? Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围) 你最喜爱哪一种颜色? 3. what 与which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国? 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always(总是，一直) usually(通常)

often(常常，经常) sometimes(有时候) never(从不) 2.频度副词的位置： a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如： David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。 b.放在行为动词前。如： We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7：10去上学。 c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。 3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：Never have I been there. 5) every day 与everyday 1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如： We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7：10去上学。 I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。 2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。 She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。

七年级下册英语语法复习题

七年级下册英语语法复习英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可数计数的名词叫做可数名词;凡是不可以计数的名词叫做不可数名词。 (1)可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。可数名词前可以用不定冠词、数词或some many等修饰。如：a man a desk an apple an orange some books s ome children tow pens (2)不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不能用不定冠词、数词或many等词语修饰，但可以用some a little much等词语来修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配，这些量词短语中的名词一般是可数的，有单数形式，也可以有复数形式。如：s ome water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink som e glasses of water 2、祈使句祈使句用来表示请求、命令等，句中没有主语，肯定形式由谓语或者谓语宾语( 宾语补足语)构成，否定形式则在句前加Don’t. Stand up, please. 请起立。 $ Don’t worry. 别担心。 can的用法： can是情态动词，表示“能，会，可以，被允许等”，其后接动词原形，否定形式为cannot，可缩写为can’t. She can speak Japanese. 她会讲日语。

I can’t remember his name. 我不记得他的名字了。 Can you spell your name 你会拼写你的名字吗 3、现在进行时态！概念：表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作，也可以表示目前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的活动。结构：由be动词(am, is, are) 动词ing构成，其中be动词要与主语保持性数一致。 Mary is flying a kite in the park. 玛丽正在公园里放风筝。 --What are you doing now你现在在干什么 --I’m reading English. 我正在读英语。 Are they drawing the pictures now他们正在画画吗动词现在分词是动词原形变化而来的，规则变化如下：动词ing形式叫动词现在分词，其构成如下： , 1) 直接在动词后加ing play—playing, do—doing, talk—talking, sing--singing 2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing make—making, write—writing, have—having, take—taking 3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这个辅音字母，再加ing

冀教版八年级上英语语法专项练习

冀教版八年级上英语语法专项练习 1、The boy likes questions. A．ask B．answer C．to ask 2、We'll try there on time. A．to get B．getting C．got 3、They hoped their mother soon. A．to see B．saw C．seeing 4、I'm glad you again. A．meet B．met C．to meet 5、He often helps me my bike. A．mending B．to mend C．to mended 6、I heard Alice in the next door. A．sings B．sang C．sing 7、The work is easy. Let him it by himself. A．do B．to do C．doing 8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A．came B．coming C．come 9、Does Jack want a writer? A．be B．is C．to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．Work 11、It's time home. A．to go B．went C．going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A．to help B．help C．helped 13、Don't forget your books to school. A．bring B．to bring C．brought 14、I don't know . A．where does he live B．what is he doing C．where he lives D．what he is dring it 15、Ask him how much . A．did it cost B．cost it C．it costed D．it costs 16、I wonder used for. A．what was this room B．which was this room C．what this room was D．that this room was 17、I really don't know . A．where he was born B．where he is born C．where was he born D．where is he born 18、We have no idea . A．how worried was he B．how worried he was C．that was he worried D．what was he worried 19、He wanted to know there. A．how long time I had been B．how long had I been C．how long I had been D．how long I was 20、My mother wants to know . A．how is Tom getting along B．how he is getting along C．what is he getting along D．what he is getting along 21、What shall we do it rains tomorrow? A．if B．when C．since 22、The doctor didn't have a rest the operation was over. A．before B．after C．until 23、She didn't go to the cinema she was very busy. A．when B．until C．Because 24、His parents didn't send their children to school life was hard. A．if B．while C．because 25、Finish doing your homework you go to bed. A．before B．until C．after 26、The film was interesting all of us wanted to see it again. A．as, as B．so, that C．such, that 27、he heard a girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room. A．Before B．As soon as C．after 28、There are students in Class One in Class Two. A．as many, than B．as much, as C．more, than D．so many, as 29. I was watching TV, my sister was litening to the radio programme. A．After B．While C．Before 30、Let's wait for him ____ ___ he ___ ___ back. A．until, will come B．until, came C．if, will come D．until, comes 31、I'll remember ____ ___ her the letter. A．give B．gave C．to give 32、He turned on the radio and stopped __ ____ to the radio. A．listened B．to listen C．listening 33、He had decided ___ ___ it again. A．written B．writing C．to write

七年级英语上册语法学习知识点总结.doc

七年级英语上册语法学习知识点总结初一英语语法学习知识点总结初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小，容易被忽视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，如果要复习英语句法的同学，可以参考一下，一、初一英语语法——词法1、名词a）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, americans, germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加 es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, chinese, japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八年级英语语法知识点归纳小结

八年级英语语法知识点归纳总结形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则（1）单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。 ① 单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ② 少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest （2）以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest

（4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest （5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most ea sily （6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest 2. 形容词和副词比较级的用法（1）“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。

人教版八年级英语上学期语法专项辅导与训练

人教版八年级英语上学期语法专项辅导与训练语法专项I I. 名词：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。一. 名词的种类：名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词。 1. 专有名词：专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名词，它的第一个字母必须大写，专有名词前一般不加冠词。 A. 表示人名：Li Bai，Mr Black，Doctor Zhang B. 表示地名：China，London，Zhong Guan Cun Street. C. 由普通名词构成的专有名词：the Spring Festival, the Palace Museum. 2. 普通名词：普通名词指一类人或东西或一个抽象的名标，它可以进一步分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。 A. 个体名词：表示某类人或事物中的个体：student，teacher，car. B. 集合名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体；family，police，people. C. 抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念：music，love D. 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质或实物：water，tea，air 二. 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词，表示一个用单数，两个以上用复数，可数名词单数前面一般要用不定冠词a / an，可数名词复数是在单数名词后面加“s”或“es”。可数名词复数前不能用不定冠词a / an。 1. 单数可数名词，表示“一”的概念，要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 eg：a book，a tree，a shark an octopus，an apple，an egg 2. 复数可数名词：在英语中，如果要表示“二、三、四，……”概念时，要用名词的复数形式，名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。 A. 名词复数的规则变化。 a. 在一般情况下，词尾后加-s。 books，cups，beds，boys，horses b. 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词，词尾加-es，读|iz| buses，boxes，dishes，watches c. 以f或fe结尾的词，先将f或fe变成v，再加-es，读|vz| half—halves，knife—knives d. 以o结尾的词，词尾加-es或-s。 zoos，photos，radios，tomatoes，potatoes e. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先将y改为i再加-es。 cities，families，babies B. 名词复数的不规则变化。 man—men，tooth—teeth，child—children，sheep—sheep C. 有些名词只有复数形式 clothes，trousers，pants，glasses