英语考试参考资料

对比观点选择（Argumentation）：

模版1:

A.1）Recent years, it has been a universal phenomenon that ….., which has arouse a heated discussion/ debate among the public. Differen people hold different ideas/ opinions. Some people believe (argue, recognize, think)that 观点1. 2）But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点3）As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.

B.1）There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. 2）First of all/ For one thing,论据1. 2）More importantly/ For another, 论据2. 3）Most important of all, 论据3. In summary, 总结观点.

c. 1)According to what has been mentioned above, as a (college student), I am

supposed to 表决心.

模版2：

A. 1) Nowadays, there is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。2) Some people are of the view/consider that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点

B. 1）As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. 2）The reasons are obvious. 3)First of all，论据1。4）Furthermore，论据2。5）Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. 6）That is, 论据3。

C. It is admitted that…/ However, there is no denying that….(反观点的优势)。

For one thing, 论据1

For another, 论据2

Despite its advantages pointed out above, XXXX has done more harm than good to XXX.

D. Based on all the arguments offered above, a natural conclusion has been drwan that………

现象描述（introduction）

Recent years, it has been a national / universal phenomenon that a large majority of people especially young men prefer staying at home doing whatever they like to going out to be involved in any social activities, which has sparked a heated discussion among the public. Different people hold different ideas. Some individuals are of the view/consider that indoorsy lifestyle can benefit people in many aspects，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that indoorsy life does more harm to peopld

1) Nowadays, there is no consensus of opinions among people about whether the indoorsy lifestyle is healthy or not. Different people hold different ideas. Some individuals are of the view/consider that indoorsy lifestyle can benefit people in many aspects，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that indoorsy life does more harm to peopld

A.1）As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.

2）The reasons are obvious. (there are a dozen reasons behind my belief.

To begin with, ..lose contact with outside, without seeing friends, classmates, colleages and other people, become lonely, would rather live in a virtual word…adjust to the society,.

What’ s worse, ..hinder one’s communicative skills from developing…

…stay at home, havo no one to talk about but to face computers , lose conservative opportunities. … step into the society…. Not knowing how to talk to others.Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, staying at home for long time will be sure to ruin one’s physical health. …comfined to the house, having no opportunities to breathe fresh air and sunshine. No exercises but stale air tend to cause discomfort to one

C However, it is adimitted that…

Ther is no denying that indoorsy lifestyle has certaim merits.

For one thing. Staying at home alone contributes to focusing on one’s own work for no one comes to bother you. One can also make full use of private space and freedom, enjoying being involved in their own business.

For another, this lifestyle to some degree makes contributions to protection of the environment. With so large number of people staying at home, ther are fewer wastes can be found and fewer tranfic jams on the road. It also brings safety to those who love this life style, however, this lifestyle is not good for young people’s self-development physically and mentally.

D According to what has been discussed above, a natural conclusion has been drawns that as college students we should have active life by going out and attending various kinds of social activities to play a foundation for our future development..

Independent Writing 1

Do you agree or disagree with the following statements?

The Indoorsy lifestyle is healthy .

Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Independent Writing 2

Do you agree or disagree with the following statements?

Advertising influences people’s behavior in a negative way。

Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Decription of phenomenon

1.…. A universal phenomenon….

Every where.. newspapers, magazines, signs, televisions, computers, walls of high building, have great influences on people’s life and behavior.

There is no concensus whether ads have good or bad effect on people’s behavior, different people have different ideas.

Some hold the idea that ads have changed the world and people with good influences, while others argue that ads have bad influences on what people behave in many ways.

How people spend money. Ads on tv to sell a variety of goods some of which are luxurious but not practical, impulse

How people view themselves. Sports and film stars advertising clothes, shoes, and so on.. Childern , tell wrong from right,

Pressure their parents to buy them . a lot of crimes

Pornographic violent advertisements , children learn smoking

Advertising changes people’s communication. Words and phrases from TV, sing songs from the commercials

开头段落可替换句型或短语：

A.

1.在当代

In the present age=in this day and age=in present-day society=Today=At present=In current society=in the contemporary world=In contemporary society= Nowadays

2.众所周知

1)It is generally（widely/commonly/extensively/universally）acknowledged

/accepted/ believed that…

2)It is a well-known fact that…

3)It is popular/common belief that…

3.越来越重要

Plays an increasingly key (crucial/essential/vitally important/significant/critical/ indispensable) role in…

4.以惊人的速度向前发展

…is advancing at an amazing (astonishing/astounding/ drastic/rapid/unprecedented) speed in present-day society…

5.越来越流行

…is increasingly prevalent/popular in the contemporary world..

6.（负面背景）…的问题越来越严重

The problem of XXX. is

becoming increasingly severe (grave/serious/worrying/disturbing).

B. 开头段落第二句话可替换句型

1.But in the meantime, whether …..has become a highly debatable issue.

2.However, whether XXXX

has sparked(aroused/give rise to /created/caused/provoked/triggered) heated debate(controversy)….

3.But when it comes to (with respect to/ regarding/ concerning/as for/ when

asked about/) whether XXXX.，people hold divergent (contrasting /contradictory/ opposing/ conflicting/ different) views.

4.Yet at the same time, people are divided over whether….

5.However, there is no consensus on whether XXXXX.yet.

开头段落第三句话可替换句型

1.Some people=some=some individuals

2.Think=believe=suppose=say=argue=maintain=insist=

contend=assert=claim

开头段落第四句话可替换句型

1．若原题给出两种观点要求作者辩论

1）As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the former (or latter) view.

2）As far as I am concerned= To my mind=In my mind=from my own perspective=from my view point=from the point of my

view=speaking for myself, I think..=personally, …=In my

view,…=As I see it…

3）In favor of =favor=support=side with=on the side of

4）View=opinion=pointof view=viewpoint=perspective=notion

主体第一段

第二段落第一句话可替换句型或短语

Undeniably，….

There is no denying /no doubt that …

It is true/evident/apparent /obvious/clear that…

第二段落可能用到的表示逻辑关系的连接词

首先：

Firstly/ in the first place/to begin with/ to start with/ for one thing/ the first point with respect to this is that/ for one thing

其次

Second/ secondly/ in the second place/ then/ moreover/ further/furthermore/ besides/ for another

最后

Finally/lastly/ last but not least/ above all/ more importantly/ additionally/ in addition 因此

Therefore/ hence/ as a consequence/ thus/consequently/as a result

具体地说

Specifically/ more exactly/ more precisely

换言之

In other words/ ..that is to say…/by that I mean/ this is true in that../this makes sense in that…/in fact/ as a matter of fact

主体第二段同义词替换选择

第三段第一句可能用到的词汇和句型

Admittedly，……

It may be tempting to argue that…

On the other hand, colorable arguments can be made that…….

I admit (concede, recognize, would acknowledged) that ……

To be sure…….

其原因是

The reason is that…/

The main/fundamental reason for this is that…

This is due to the fact that…

This is reasonable to the extent that….

显然: Obviously/ apparently/ clearly/ evidently/

然而：nevertheless/ nonetheless/ however/ despite/ but/ Still/ even so

But closer examination would reveal that…

But further analysis would make it clear that …

Having said this, however,…

例如，比如

For instance, for example, one illustration of this is…, a case in point is…

结尾段同义词替换

1.In summary/ to sum up/ in sum/ based on all the arguments offered offered above/

On the basis of the above discussion/ having considered all the arguments above/ according to what have mentioned above

2.overall/ therefore/accordingly/ as a result/ as a consequence/ hence/thus/ for this

reason/in conclusion

3.I am convinced that../I believe that / I would assert that../ I would conclude that.. Due Attention should be given to Internet Safety

Outline:

1)很多网民的利益及隐私权受到侵犯和威胁

2）造成这种现象的原因是…..

3)为了提高网络安全，我认为…..

Netizen privacy personal information violate/ suffer from violation / threat / under threat disclose/disclosure leak/leakage internet safety/security

该文章可能利用到的扩展词汇：

1）容易受到……的攻击be vulnerable to….

2）受到……的侵蚀be eroded by …

3）远离….. keep clear of=keep away from/ be free from

4）重视…. Attach importance to / place emphasis on/

5) 通过…….的方式by means of

6)深受侵害和威胁suffer from violation and threat

7）泄漏disclosure leak

8)用….武装，做好准备。。。equip … with

四、六级作文讲解：

一、问题作文

社会问题(现象) 式：problem- solution

A．一个社会问题或者现象

description of a social phenomenon

Social problem

B．产生的原因

Causes/ reasons behind the phenomenon/problem

C．对社会和我们生活的影响

Influence on our society and our dailylife

D．如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)

How to solve this problem?

Specific solutions

E．前景的预测。

speculation for the future

常用的句型：

第一段：描述一个社会问题或者现象

a. Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental

problem.

b…..has increasingly become a common

concern of the public.

C.时间（1990s）witnesses/sees a marked/dramatic/striking/great/ increase in the number of …..doing…...

扩句常用的句型：

1）用数字说明。

如：It is reported/ surveyed that…

e.g. It is reported by China Youth that tens of thousands of people are killed in the car accidents

Tens of thousands of people are reported to have been kille d in the car accidents

It is surveyed by the offices concerned that the proportion of the students who are absent goes up to 50%.

Sample:（car accidents 首段）

Car Accidents

Para 1:

21st century witnesses a dramatic increase in the number of car accidents. Everyday people can see ambulances flashing lights rushing through the streets and roads. Every year tens of thousands of people are reported to have been killed in the car accidents.

第二段：分析现象或者问题背后的原因：

常用过渡句：

1)There are a couple of/several reasons

booming/forthis problem/phenomenon.

2) Several factors cause this。

3) X has caused substantial impact on

the society and our daily life, which

has been articulated in the following

aspects.

4) What causes this?

To begin with,…..

Besides,….

Finally, …

范文第二段：

Para 2.

There are several reasons for this phenomenon.To begin with, with the development of economy( as the society and economy develops), people in

china has become increasingly rich and prosperous so that the large majority

of them are able to afford cars, which leads to the rising number of private

cars.

Actually every road and street is crowded with private cars. What’s worse , many drivers do not obey the traffic regulations , some of who even drive after being drunken or tired. Last but not leas t , some of the pedestrians have no awareness of security , they tend to run the red lights.

第三段：提出解决问题的办法或者是展

望。

Para 3: 常用过渡句

1)Some active/positive/urgent measures / steps/ action must be taken to solve this

problem.

2) A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent …..from bringing us more

harm.

3)we must try our best/try every means to …

范文第三段：

Some positive measures action must be taken to solve this problem.First and foremost,relative authorities should make some rules and policies to limit the number of private cars and perfect public facilities, encouraging people to make full of use public transportations.

Besides, strict laws and rules must be made to stop people from drunk driving. Severe punishments should go to those who break traffic laws and rules.

What is the most important , education should be given common citizens to raise their consciousness of traffic security, urging them to follow the rules.

第四段：总结全文

Para 4:（常用句型）

1.As long as we pay more attention / attach great importance to / place more

emphasis on this problem, we will be sure to reduce the harm of …..to the smallest / the minimum degree.

2.Based on what has been discussed above (the above discussions,) I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..

范文第四段：

2.As long as we place more emphasis on this problem, we will be sure to reduce the

harm of car accidents to the minimum degree.

Sample 2:

Due Attention should be given to Internet Safety Outline:

1)很多网民的利益及隐私权受到侵犯和威胁

2）造成这种现象的原因是…..

3)为了提高网络安全，我认为…..

Netizen privacy personal information violate/ suffer from violation / threat / under threat disclose/disclosure leak/leakage internet safety/security

该文章可能利用到的扩展词汇：

1）容易受到……的攻击be vulnerable to….

2）受到……的侵蚀be eroded by …

3）远离….. keep clear of=keep away from/ be free from

4）重视…. Attach importance to / place emphasis on/

5) 通过…….的方式by means of

6) 深受侵害和威胁suffer from violation and threat

7）泄漏disclosure leak

8)用….武装，做好准备。。。equip … with

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social problem. With the occurrence of the vicious competition among software companies, many netizens realize the fact that their privacy is suffering from violation and threa t due to their personal information disclosure on the internet. It is reported that thousands of internet citizens are suffering from their property losses.

There are several reasons for this phenomenon. To begin with, at the cost of the users’interest, some network operators or soft companies tend to sell the private information of the users to purse their own profits. Besides, many internet users have no awareness of protecting their privacy when surfing the internet. What’s the worst, no relevant laws and rules are made by government, which means that the internet users’right has not been officially protected.

Based on the above discussions , I can easily forecast that we will sure to have a healthy and secure internet environment soon.

翻译：

Humanity is also about making the well-being of mankind as the starting point. What is the ultimate aim of our education? Is it to turn our citizens into cogs in a machine or people with individuality and the ability to think independently? Is it to encourage us to cultivate and nurture values dear to our hearts, or to allow us to lose our feeling of self-worth in the relentless tide of technological progress?

In the spirit of humanity, we should appreciate and take pride in our success in building a thriving economy and in the field of research and development. The people behind these achievements deserve even greater accolades（嘉奖，表扬）. Sadly, many of us often fail to see the “people”who make “things”happen. They have nothing but praises for high technology and often forget that this is meant to serve, and not create trouble, for us.

Section B (10 points )

人文精神也是一种以人为本的精神，我们的教育的终极目标是什么？是把人培养成一部大机械中的小部件，还是有独立思考能力与独立人格的真正的人？是追求人自身价值的不断完善与提升，还是人在科技进步的大潮中被淹没，人自身的“贬值”？

按照人文精神，我们不仅重视与赞美经济建设与科研成果，更要重视与赞美创造这些成果的人。然而，我们很多人往往见“物”不见“人”，对于高科技无限推崇，却往往忘记了高科技应当为人服务，而不是给人增添麻烦。

Directions: Put the following into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.

毫无疑问，由于语言与文化的不同，留学海外可能是一段令人难受甚至痛苦的经历。但是，尽管出国留学有些不尽人意的地方，好处却远远超过坏处。的确，出国留学的人获得的经历是呆在国内的人永远无法获得的。在国外居住和学习可以使人对这个世界有一个全新的视角，也许最为重要的是，对自己的祖国有一个全新的视角。

There is no doubt that going to study in a foreign country, with its different language and culture, can be a frustrating and sometimes painful experience. But while overseas study has its drawbacks, the difficulties are far outweighed by the advantages. Indeed, people who go abroad for study open themselves up to experiences that those who study at home will never have. Living and studying abroad offers one a new and different perspective of the world and, perhaps most important, of one’s own country.

四级听力短文理解十大类标志词

据研究有90%以上的考点都是由标志词引导活提示的，因此在语段听力中听到下列标志词时要引起高度的重视，集中注意力听清标志词前后的句子。

1．最高级标志词形容词、副词最高级、most / chief / primary / main / leading / ……2．唯一级标志词

only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect / ……

3．因果项标志词

cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason / 其他形式的问句/ ……

4．转则项关键词

despite / in spite of / instead / while / from ~ to ~ / although ~ （yet）~ / not only ~ but also ~ / ……

5．序数项标志词

所有的序数词（first , second）/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other hand / ……

6．时间项标志词

when / how / today / as / before / after / since / then / until / ……

7．解释项标志词

or / namely / in other words / that is / that is to say / ……

8．目的项标志词

to / for / ……

9．总结项标志词

all in all / in brief / to conclude / at last / in summary / in short / ……

10．强调项标志词

副词：especially / particularly / almost / always / usually / ……

动词：show / remember / note / notice / say / pronounce / ……

注：一些简单得大家熟知的在这里就没有一一列出了比方像because ,so, but之类的，请大家自己补充总结。大家只有多做题，之后再对答案才会发现这些词有多么重要。所以，多练习几套题养成听到这些词习惯就关注选项。

英语四六级听力中必须掌握的态度词汇

enthusiastic adj。狂热，热心, 积极性

supportive adj.支持的，支援的

defensive 为……而辩护

objection /opposition 反对

detestation/ hatred n。憎恶，厌恶的人, 嫌恶

indignation 愤慨

contempt n。轻视，轻蔑, 耻辱, 不尊敬

compromising n。妥协，折衷v。妥协，折衷

worried adj。闷闷不乐的，焦虑的

Formal(informal) 正式，礼仪, 拘谨(非正式, 不拘礼, 通俗)

Matter of fact 实事求是，以事实为依据

Personal(impersonal) 人性的，涉及隐私的, 私人的, (客观的, 和个人无关的, 没有人情味的, 非人的)

Respectful 表示尊敬的，有礼貌的, 谦恭的

Wonder 奇迹，惊讶, 难以置信的

Affection(affectionate) 深情的，亲切的, 挚爱的

Amusement(amusing) 有趣的，使人发笑的, 消遣的, 愉快的

Approval(disapproval) 赞成的，满意的(不以为然的, 不赞成的, 非难的) Reverence(irreverence) 虔诚的，表示尊敬的, 充满崇敬心的(不敬的, 不逊的, 无礼的)

Disappointment 使人失望的，令人沮丧的,

Sarcasm(sarcastic) 讽刺的，讥讽的

Persuasive(convincing) 令人信服的，有力的, 使人心悦诚服的

Indifferent 漠不关心的，不重要的, 冷淡的

Condemnation(condemnable) 该受责备的，可非难的, 该罚的

Apologetic 道歉的，急于认错的, 辩护的

Frustrated 挫折的，挫败的, 无益的

Contemptuous 轻蔑的，鄙视的, 瞧不起人的

Cynical 愤世嫉俗的，讽刺的, 冷嘲的

Pitying 怜悯的，遗憾的, 同情的

Bitter(bitterness) 痛苦的，怀恨的(悲痛, 怨恨)

Factual 事实的，实际的

Humorous 富幽默感的，滑稽的, 诙谐的

Inventive 善于创造的，发明的

Self-righteous 自以为是的

Insincere 不诚实的，无诚意的, 伪善的

Matter-of-fact 事实的，实际的, 事务性的, 平淡的

Stick to established facts 坚持已确立的观点

Impatient 不耐烦的，着急的, 急切的

Pleasure 心情舒畅的，愉悦的

Anxious to please 焦虑地讨好，渴望地取悦

Seriously 严肃地，认真地

Up-to-date 最近的，跟上时代的

Paradoxical and witty 似非而是的诙谐，矛盾的妙语, 诡论的机智

Unforgiving 不可饶恕的，不可原谅的

Professionally scientific 专于科学的，专业从事科学的

Argumentative 好辩的

《听力中容易混淆拼错的单词》

1) commerce 商业——commence 开始

2) through 通过——thorough 彻底的——(al)though 尽管——thought think 过去分词

3) purpose 目的——suppose 假设——propose 建议

4) expect 期望——respect 尊敬——aspect 方面——inspect 视察——suspect 怀疑

5) glide 滑翔——slide 使滑行——slip 跌落

6) steal 偷——steel 钢

7) strive 努力——stride 大步走

8) allusion 暗示——illusion 幻觉——delusion 错觉——elusion 逃避

9) prospect 前景——perspective 透视法

10) stationery 文具——stationary 固定的

11) loose 松的——lose 丢失——loss n 损失——lost lose过去式

12) amend 改正, 修正——emend 校正

13) amoral unmoral immoral 同义不道德的

14) capitol 大厦——capital 首都

15) casual 随便的——causal 表原因的

16) extend 延伸——extent 长度——extant 现存的

17) inability 没能力——disability 残疾

18) personnel 人事——personal 个人的

19) statue 塑像——statute 法令——stature 身长——status 地位

20) widow 寡妇——window 窗户