专升本英语专项练习阅读理解(二)word版本
阅读理解（2）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项.
A
Here are some of the world’s most impressive subways.
The T okyo Features:The T okyo Metro and Toei lines that compose T okyo’s massive Metro and subway system carry almost8million people each day,making it the T oei Lines busiest system in the world.The system is famous for its oshiya---literally,“pusher”---who shove passengers into crowded subway cars so the
doors can close.And you think your commute is hell.
The Moscow Features:The Moscow Metro has some of the most beautiful stations in Metro the world.The best of them were built during the Stalinist era and feature chandeliers(枝形吊灯),marble moldings and elaborate murals(精美的壁
画).With more than7million riders a day,keeping all that marble clean
has got to be a burden.
The Hong Features:The Hong Kong MTR has the distinction of being one of the few Kong Metro subway systems in the world that actually turns a profit.It’s privately owned and uses real estate development along its tracks to increase
income and ridership.It also introduced“Octopus cards”that allow people
to not only pay their fares electronically,but buy stuff at convenience
stores,supermarkets,restaurants and even parking meters.It’s estimated
that95%of all adults in Hong Kong own an Octopus card.
Shanghai Features:Shanghai is the third city in China to build a metro system,and Metro it has become the country’s largest in the12years since it opened.
Shanghai Metro has142miles of track and plans to add another180
miles within five years.By that point,it would be three times larger than
Chicago“L”.The system carries about2.18million people a day.
The London Features:Londoners call their subway the Underground,even though55 Metro percent of it lies above ground.No matter when you’ve got the oldest mass-transit system in the world,you can call it anything you like.Trains
started in1863and they’ve been running ever since.Some3million
people ride each day,every one of them remembering to“Mind the gap”.
1.Which one can provide the riders some wonderful decorations at the stations?
A.The T okyo Metro and T oei Lines
B.The Moscow Metro
C.The London Metro
D.The Hong Kong MTR
2.________is done with the purpose of making money.
A.The T okyo Metro and T oei Lines
B.The Moscow Metro
C.The London Metro
D.The Hong Kong MTR
3.We can learn from the passage that Shanghai Metro________.
A.carries the most people each day
B.is th e world’s largest
C.may be larger than the Chicago“L”in the future
D.is the busiest in the world
4.How many subways carry more than5million people per day?
A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5
B
Archaeology,like many academic words,comes from Greek and means, more or less,“the study of old things”.So,it is really a part of the study of history.However,most historians use paper evidence,such as letters, paintings and photographs,but archaeologists(考古学家)learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago.Normally,these are the hard materials
that don’t break down or disappear very quickly—things like human bones and objects made from stone and metal.
It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of history—normally,the bacteria in the air eat away at soft materials,like bodies, clothes and things made of wood.Occasionally,things are different.
In1984,two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss,in the north of England.A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it.It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup—walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever.The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out—a human foot!Naturally,the men called the police,who then found the rest of the body.Was it a case of murder?Possibly—buy it was a death nearly two thousand years old.The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain.Despite being so old,this body had skin,muscles, hair and internal organs—the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man’s stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!
Why was this man so well preserved?It was because he was in a very watery environment,safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live.Also,the water in the bog was very acidic.The acid preserved the man’s skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.
How did he die?Understandably,archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called“Lindow Man”.His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn’t done heavy manual work in this life—he could have been a rich man.They found that he hadn’t died by accident.The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods.
5.Which language does the word“archaeology”come from?
A.French.
B.Greek
C.Roman.
D.German。
6.The word“these”in the first paragraph refers to_____.
A.letters
B.photographs
C.paintings
D.objects
7.Which of the following helped to preserve“Lindow Man”?
A.Ice and low temperature
B.Bacteria and oxygen
C.Soil and energy
D.Acid and water
8.According to the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.“Lindow Man”was named after the person who first found him.
B.Historians usually use paper evidence,while archaeologists use hard evidence.
C.“Lindow Man”was found by two ar chaeologists in the south of England.
D.“Lindow Man”was good at manual work.
9.Which is the best title for the passage?
A.What Is Archaeology?
B.Archaeology and History
C.An Amazing Archaeological Discovery
D.The Death of“Lindow Man”
C
What is the nature of the scientific attitude,the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicine or any other science?
We all know that science plays an important role in our societies.However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science.
The first aspect is the application of the machines,products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop.The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
What are these special methods of thinking and acting?First of all,it seems that a successful scientist is curious-he wants to find out how and why the universe works.
He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected.
Moreover,he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.
He is a good observer,accurate,patient and objective(客观的)and uses the facts he observes to the fullest.For example,trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum(光谱).
He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available.He rejects authority as the only basis for truth.Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.
Furthermore,he does not readily accept his own idea,since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
Lastly,he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data
( . which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
10. Many people believe that science helps society to progress through_________
A. knowledge only.
B. more than one aspect.
C. technology only.
D. the use of machines.
11. Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?
A. He doesn’t find confidence and pleasure in work.
B. He is interested in problems that are explained.
C. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.
D. He looks for new ways of acting.
12. According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT_______________.
A. easily believe in unchecked statements.
B. easily criticize others' research work.
C. always use his imagination in work.
D. always use evidence from observation.
13. Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?
A. complete
B. objective
C. complicated
D. accurate
14. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Application of technology .
B. Progress in modem society.
C. Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.
D. How to become a successful scientist.
D
Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. T o this end, we walk the dog, play golf , go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular free time activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers 慢跑者) jog, they don’t run the streets Every one of them automatically heads to the park or the river. It is my firm belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.
But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD ( 多动症). Those whose housing had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same
improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just4%.
A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground.A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment,the entire school would do better in studies.
Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment.In playgrounds,children create a hierarchy(等级)based on physical abilities,with the tough ones taking the lead.But when a grassy area was planted with bushes,the children got much more into fantasy play,and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.
Most bullying(恃强凌弱)is found in schools where there is a tarmac(柏油碎石) playground;the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore.This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School,with its hard tarmac,where I used to hang about in corners dreaming about wildlife.
But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces,for health and safety reasons,for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage.So,instead,the damage is done to the children themselves:not to their bodies but to their souls.
One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD,now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs.Y et one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children.However,we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is much better when they have access to nature.The most important for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.
In wider and more difficult areas of life,there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things.Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
Dr William Bird,researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds,states in his study,“A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its process helps reduce anger and behavior that people might regret later.”Wild places need encouraging for this reason,no matter how small their contribution.
We tend to think human beings are doing nature some kind of favour when we are protecting nature.The error here is far too deep:not only do humans need nature for themselves,but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is damaging.
Human beings are a species of animals.For seven million years we lived on the planet as part of nature.So we miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life.Anyone who has patted a dog,stroked a cat,sat under a tree with a glass of beer,given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day,understands that.
We need the wild world.It is necessary to our well-being,our health,our happiness. Without other living things around us we are less than human.
15.What is the author’s firm belief?
A.People seek nature in different ways.
B.People should spend most of their lives in the wild.
C.People have quite different ideas of nature.
D.People must make more efforts to study nature.
16.What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?
A.Personal freedom.
B.Things that are natural.
C.Urban surroundings.
D.Things that are purchased.
17.What does a study in Sweden show?
A.The natural environment can help children learn better.
B.More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.
C.A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.
D.Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.
18.Children who have chances to explore natural areas________.
A.tend to develop a strong love for science
B.are more likely to dream about wildlife
C.tend to be physically tougher in adulthood
D.are less likely to be involved in bullying
19.What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?
A.Find more effective drugs for them.
B.Provide more green spaces for them.
C.Place them under more personal care.
D.Engage them in more meaningful activities.
20.In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?
A.They look on life optimistically.
B.They enjoy a life of better quality.
C.They are able to live longer.
D.They become good-humoured.
1.B。文中只介绍了莫斯科地铁有吊灯、壁画等一些精美的装饰，其余未提及。
2.D。在对香港地铁的介绍中提到了turns a profit，意思是赚钱。
3.C。在对上海地铁的介绍中提到了
4.A。东京和莫斯科地铁每天运载人数分别为将近8万和超过7万。
5.B。从文章第一句可以知道，archaeology这个词来自希腊语。
6.D。从第一段的最后一句可知，these指的是比较坚硬、不太会损坏或消失的物体，比如
人骨或用石头、金属等制作的物品。7.D。第四段的2、3两句指出了水和酸在保存Lindow man过程中起了很大作用。
8.B。Lindow man的发现印证了第一段中作者提出的这一观点。
9.C。本文主要篇幅讲述了一个具体的考古发现。
10.B。从第二段中many people believe that our progress depends on two different
aspects of science.可知科学在两个方面推动社会进步。
11.C。D选项的意思是“他总是寻求行动的新方法”，文中没有提及。A应是find confidence and pleasure.D应是that are unexplained
12.A。从文中可知，科学家不是很容易相信没有检验的结论，但是他不仅批判别人的工作，
还批判自已的工作，工作时需要想象力，充分利用自已观察所得。
13.C。倒数第二段中的complex等于complicated，意思是“复杂的”。
14.C。文中前两段简要介绍社会的进步依赖于科学的哪两个方面；后部分详细介绍第二个
方面，即科学家的思考和行为方式。15.A。从第一段最后一句”It is my firm belief that not only do we all need nature,but we all seek nature,whether we know we
are doing so or not.”可知人们以各种形式追寻大自然，亲近大自然。
16.D。从第二段最后一句中“things that ca n be bought,rather than things that can be
found”可知父母现在更愿意给孩子买东西.
17.B。从第四段第一句中“kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment
had less illness a nd greater physical ability”可以得出B结论。
18.D。从第六段第一句中的“the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are
encouraged to explore.”可以得出D结论。
19.B。第八段第二句“Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives
huge benefits to ADHD child ren.”可知对多动症儿童来说，把他们置于自然环境中是最有益的。
20.B。第九段第二句“The most important for the growing population of old people is in
quality rather than quantity of years.”可以得出B结论。