牛津英语模块五第三单元单词讲解

模块五Unit 3 单词讲解

1. versus

prep (缩写v, vs) (Latin 拉) against (sb/sth) 对, 对抗（某人[某事物]）:

Kent v(ersus) Surrey肯特对萨里（如板球比赛）

2. announcement n 宣布; 宣告; 通告: The announcement of the royal birth was broadcast to the nation. 王室成员降生的通告已向全国广播.

announce v

1)[T] 宣布; 发表: They announced their engagement to the family. 他们向家里宣布他们已经订婚了. * The Prime Minister announced that she would resign. 首相宣布她将辞职.

2)[Tn] 通报（某人[某事物]）的出席或到来: Would you announce the guests as they come in?

3. on the one hand... on the other (hand)... 用以引出相互矛盾的观点﹑意见等

4. point v

1)(a) [I] ~ (at/to sb/sth)指出某人/某事物或其位置、方向:

“That's the man who did it”, she said, pointing at me. 那事就是他干的,她指着我说.

He pointed to a tower on the distant horizon. 他指向远处地平线上的一座塔.

(b) [I] ~ to sth (比喻) 暗示某事物（的可能性）; 指示: All the evidence points to his guilt. 所有证据都表明他有罪.

2)[T] ~ sth (at/towards sb/sth)以某物瞄准或对着: point one's finger (at ) 用手指着point a gun at sb 用枪瞄准某人point sth out (to sb)使注意某事物: point out a mistake to sb 向…指出错误

I must point out that you are stupid to bahave that way.

5. interfere v

1)[I] ~ (in sth); ~ (between sb and sb)干涉; 介入; 干预:

Don't interfere in matters that do not concern you! 不要干预与你无关的事!

It's unwise to interfere between husband and wife. 夫妻间的事最好不要管.

2)[I] ~ with sth (a)（未得允许）摆弄; （尤）弄坏:

Who's been interfering with the clock? It's stopped. 是谁摆弄这钟来着? 已经不走了.

(b) 阻碍; 妨碍: interfere with sb’s plan 妨碍某人的计划

3)[I] ~ with sb干扰或妨碍某人:

Don't interfere with him while he's working. 他工作的时候不要打搅他.

interference n [U]

~ (in/with sth)干涉; 摆弄; 妨碍;侵犯:

I don't want any interference from you!我用不着你来干涉!

interfering adj [定]好干涉的; 爱管闲事的: an interfering woman爱管闲事的女人

6. normal adj

1)正常的; 正规的: the normal time, place, position 通常的时间﹑地点﹑位置

normal behaviour, thinking 正确的行为﹑思想the normal temperature of the human body 人体的正常温度

2)心理正常的; 精神健全的

n [U] 常态; 正常; 标准: returned to normal 恢复常态

Her temperature is above/below normal. 她的体温高於/低於正常标准.

abnormal反常的; 变态的: be physically/mentally abnormal身体上/精神上不正常

abnormal weather conditions, behaviour反常的天气﹑变态行为

normalize, -ise v （使某事）正常化;使（某事物）合标准、要求normally adv.

7. in general (generally speaking)总的说来;通常:

In general her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful. 总的说来, 她的作品不错, 不过这篇文章糟透了.

as a general rule 在通常情况下; 一般而言

8. praise v [T] ~ sb/sth (for sth); ~ sb/sth as sth称赞或赞赏:

He praised her for her courage. 他赞扬她很勇敢. People praised the work as highly original.人们称赞作品独树一帜. n [U] 称赞;赞扬: high/great praise 高度的赞扬in praise of sb/sth 以表扬

sing sb's/sth's praises; singing the praises of 盛赞

sing high praise for高度赞扬

9. intention n

1) [C, U] ~ (of doing sth/that...)意图; 目的; 打算; 意思: What are your intentions?你有什麽打算?

I have no intention of coming to this terrible place again! 我再不想到这个糟糕的地方来了.

2)[U] (文)有意; 蓄意: I'm sorry I offended you; it wasn't my intention. 对不起, 我冒犯您了, 但决不是有意的. intend v

1) [T]打算; 意欲: It's not what I intended (it to be). 那并不是我的本意.

I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying. 听说他们要结婚了. I intend you to take over. 我打算让你来接管.

I intend that you shall take over the business. 我有意让你接管公司. I intended it as a joke. 我不过说笑罢了.

He intends you no harm.他对你并无恶意. I intended to do it, but I'm afraid I forgot. 我本有意去做,但很遗憾忘记了2) [T] ~ sth for sb为某人准备某事物; 要使某人受某物影响:

I think the bomb was intended for (planned to harm) me. 我认为那颗炸弹是要炸我的.

3)[T] ~ sth by sth意指; 意谓: What did he intend/mean by saying that ?

intended adj

1 [定]计划的; 打算的; 意欲的: the intended meaning, result, effect, purpose

2~ for sb/sth [表] 为（…）计划或设计: a book, course, programme intended for children, adults, beginners 为儿童﹑成人﹑初学者而写的书﹑开设的课程﹑编排的节目等

10. anxiety n

1)(a) [U C] 担心; 焦虑: We waited for news with anxiety. 我们焦急地等待着消息.

The doctor's report removed all their anxieties. 医生的报告消除了他们的一切忧虑.

2)[U] ~ for sth/to do sth渴望; 热望: anxiety to please急於讨好.

anxious adj

1) ~(about/for sb/sth) 忧虑的; 不安的: an anxious mother 焦虑不安的母亲be anxious about my son's health

He was anxious for his family, who were travelling abroad. 他担心在国外旅行的家眷.

2)~ for sth/(for sb) to do sth/that... 渴望; 急切想要某事物: be anxious for their safety渴望他们平安无事

be anxious to meet you/for his brother to meet you 渴望见到你/他的弟弟见到你

anxiously adv.

11．desperate adj

1）拚命的; 不顾一切的: The prisoners grew more desperate. 囚徒们在绝望中更加不顾死活了.

2）[作定语]凶暴的; 犯法的: a desperate criminal, act无法无天的罪犯﹑行为

3）be~ for sth/to do sth极需要（某事物/做某事）:

They're desperate for money. 他们极需钱. I'm desperate to see her. 我很想见到她.

4）极严重的; 极危险的: a desperate situation，illness 危局﹑重病

desperately adv.

desperation n [U]拚命; 不顾一切; 不顾死活: driven to desperation 被逼得铤而走险In desperation我不顾一切地12. adopt vt

1) ~ sb (as sth)收养某人; 过继He is their adopted son. 他是他们的养子

2) ~ sb as sth挑选某人作候选人或代表

3)采纳; 采取; 采用: adopt a name, an idea 取名﹑采纳一意见

adoption n adoptive adj [常作定语]有收养关系的; 过继的; 采纳的

13. ahead adv

~ (of sb/sth)（在空间或时间上）向前, 往前, 朝前; 在前: He ran ahead. 他跑在前面.

ahead of prep 1)在空间或时间上比…）更前, 更早: Directly ahead of us is the royal palace. 我们正前方就是皇宫. London is about five hours ahead of New York. 伦敦时间比纽约早五小时左右.

2) 处於…的领先地位; 比...更先进: She was always well ahead of the rest of the class. 她在班上总是遥遥领先.

His ideas were ( far) ahead of his time. 他的思想比他所处的时代先进（得多）.

go ahead 口语中表准许---Can I have the sports section? ---Yeah, go ahead, I've read it.

go ahead with 进行,开展Frank'll be late but we'll go ahead with the meeting anyway.

14. deliver v

1)[I,T] ~ (sth) (to sb/sth)递送, 传送（信件﹑货物等）: We deliver (your order) to your door! 我们送货上门!

2)(a) [T只用於被动语态] be ~ed of sb (文) give birth to (a child) 生（小孩）:

She was delivered of a healthy boy. 她生了一个健康的男孩儿.

(b) [T]助产; 接生: Her baby was delivered by her own doctor. 她的婴儿是由她自己的医生给接生的.

(c) [Tn.pr] ~ oneself of sth (文)发言; 发表

3)[T] 授（课）; 讲（道）; 讲（话）:

She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society. 她给学会作了一次有关哲学的讲话.

deliverer n 递送者; 助产者; 述说者;授课者;演讲者.

15. succeed v

1)[I] ~ (in sth/doing sth) 成功; 做成:

2)[T] 接替; 继任:

Who succeeded Churchill (as Prime Minister)? 继邱吉尔出任（首相）的是谁?

nothing succeeds like success (谚)一事成, 事事成:

I won the essay prize, then was offered a scholarship: nothing succeeds like success! 我的作文得了奖, 接着就获得了奖学金, 真是一顺百顺!

success n

1)[U] 成功; 成名; 发财; 胜利: achieve great success in life

make a success of sth 某事取得成功

2)[C]成功的人或事物: He wasn't a success as a teacher. 他不是个好教师.

Of her plays, three were successes and one was a failure. 她的剧作有三部成功, 一部失败.

successful adj获成功的; 达到目的的: a successful businesswoman,career, plan successfully adv.

16. benefit n

1)[U] 利益, 实惠,好处（尤与以下动词及介词连用）: get much benefit from …得到很多好处

I've had the benefit of a good education. 我得益於良好的教育.

with the benefit ( help, aid) of modern technology. 借助现代技术

be of great benefit to us all对我们大有好处be to everyone's benefit符合所有人的利益

2)[C] 优越性; 优良条件: the benefits of modern medicine, science现代医学﹑科学的优良条件.

for sb's benefit以对某人进行帮助﹑指引等:

The warning sign was put there for the benefit of the public. 那儿设立了警告牌以引起人们的警惕.

benefit v (pt, pp -fited; US also -fitted)

1) [T]使（…）受益: These facilities have benefited the whole town. 这些设施使全城受益.

2) [I] ~ (from/by sth)得益: Who is likely to benefit most by/from the new tax laws? 谁可能从新税法中得到最大好处? beneficial adj ~ (to sth/sb)有益的; 有用的: Fresh air is beneficial to one's health. beneficially adv

17. consequence n

1)[C pl常作复数] be ready to take/suffer/bear the consequences of one's actions准备承担自己行动的後果

2)[U] importance 重要性: of little/no/any etc consequence to sb/sth

a man of consequence in his own country自己的国家中举足轻重的人

as a consequence (of sth)/in consequence (of sth) (口) as a result (of sth) 由於; 因而:

She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence (of it). 她有罪, 因而失去了工作.

She was over the age limit and, in consequence, her application was rejected.

17. 1)race n a ~ against/with sb/sth; a~ between A and B [C]（人﹑马﹑车等的）速度竞赛:

a horse-race 赛马 a half-mile race 半英里赛跑run a race with s

b 同某人赛跑

a race against time和时间赛跑: It was a race against time to stop people dying from starvation. 为抢救那些即将饿

死的人而分秒必争.

2)race v

a)([I] ~ (against/with sb/sth)参加速度竞赛: race for the prize/to win the prize 参加有奖速度比赛The cars were racing against each other.

b)[T]与（…）进行速度竞赛: I'll race you to school. 我要和你比赛看谁先到学校.

race n

a)[C, U] 人种; 种族: the Negro race 黑色人种people of mixed race混血种的人

b)动植物的）类, 种,: the human race人类

race relations（同一社区中的）种族关系:

18. end up到达或来到某处, 达到某状态或采取某行动（尤指经一长路程或过程）:

If you continue to steal you'll end up in prison. 你要是继续行窃终归得进监狱.

If he carries on driving like that, he'll end up dead. 他照这样开车, 早晚得死於非命.

At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing. 最初他拒不承认有任何责任, 到头来还是道了歉.

end up with Anyone who swims in the river could end up with a nasty stomach upset.

end up as He could end up as President.

end up like I don't want to end up like my parents.

end in sth 以…作为结尾、结果或结论:

The word ends in -ous. 此词以-ous结尾.

Their long struggle ended in failure. 他们长期斗争终告失败.

The argument ended in tears. 争吵到最後声泪俱下.

One in three marriages ends in divorce.

end with The festival will end with a spectacular laser show.

ending n结尾, 结局: a story with a happy ending结局圆满的故事.

19．sale n

1）[U] [C]卖; 出售: the sale of cars 汽车的销售I haven't made a sale all week. 我整个星期没有卖出东西.

2）[C]廉售, 贱卖: hold an end-of-season sale 举办季末大减价

buy goods at/in the sales 减价期间购物[作定语] sale prices, goods廉价﹑廉价货. sales [pl] 销售额; 销售量: Sales are up this month. 本月销售量增加.

for sale待售（常由物主或代理人经手）: I'm sorry this painting's not for sale. 很抱歉, 这幅画是非卖品.

on sale 出售, 上市: The new model is not on sale in the shops. 这种新款式商店尚未上市. sales department 营业部. salesman saleswoman saleslady salesperson售货员; 推销员.

20. use sth up (a)用尽; 设法利用（剩余的材料或时间）: I've used up all the glue. 我把胶水全用光了.

(b)耗尽某事物: use up all one's strength, energy,耗尽了体力﹑精力等.

sth run out被用完, 耗尽

sb run out of sth; （指人）用完, 耗尽（供应品）:The petrol is running out/We are running out of petrol.

give out用完; 消耗尽; 精疲力竭: After a month their food supplies gave out. 过了一个月, 他们的食物已消耗殆尽.

Her patience finally gave out. 她终於失去了耐性.

wear (sth) out（使）用得不能再用﹑或耗尽: Her patience had/was at last worn out. 她终於忍无可忍了.

I wore out two pairs of boots on the walking tour. 我徒步旅行穿坏了两双靴子.

wear sb out使某人精疲力竭或厌烦:

They were worn out after a long day spent working in the fields. 他们在地里干了一整天的活儿, 累得疲惫不堪.

Just listening to his silly chatter wears me out. 我听着他无聊的话把我烦透了.

21. comment n [C, U] ~ (on sth)意见;评论; 批评:

make comment(s) on the recent developments 对最近的事态发展发表评论

comment v [I, T] ~ on sth/ +(that) 评论; 发表意见

He did not comment on what I said.他对我的话未作评论。

He commented that it was an excellent film.

no comment（回答问题时所说）无可奉告: Will you resign, Minister?' `No comment!'‘部长你是要辞职吗?’

22. advance1n

1)[C通常作单数] 前进; 推进; 前移

2)a)[U]进步; 发展: the continued advance of civilization文明的不断进步.

(b) [C] ~ (in sth) 进展; 改善: recent advances in medical science医学上的新进展.

in advance (of sth)预先; 事先; 事前: The rent must be paid in advance. 租金须预付. * Galileo's ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived. 伽利略的思想远远超越了他所生活的时代.

advance adj [作定语]

1先行的; 先头的: the advance party先遣队

2预先做好的; 预先供给的: give sb advance warning/notice of sth 对某事物给某人预先警告[通知]

advance2v

1)(a) [I] ~ (on/towards sb/sth)前进: The mob advanced towards/on us shouting angrily. 暴徒们怒吼着向我们涌来.

(b) [I] (比喻)进步: advance in one's career 在事业上进步

2) [Tn] 向前移动或推进（…）: The general advanced his troops at night. 将军夜晚将部队向前推进.

3)[Tn] 促进; 推动: The president has done his utmost to advance the national interest.

总统已尽了最大努力来增进国家的利益。

advanced adj

1在生命或进程中远远在前的: be advanced in years 年事已高She died at an advanced age. 她活到高龄才去世. 2高深的; 高等的: advanced studies高深的研究.

3先进的; 先驱的; 超前的: have advanced ideas有先进的思想.

23. strict adj (-er, -est) 严厉的; 严格的:

a strict teacher 严师 a strict rule against smoking 禁止吸烟的严格规定

She's very strict with her children. 她待子女很严. This company is very strict about punctuality.

As a Puritan, he is strict in moral and religion.作为清教徒，他的道德和宗教观念都很严格。

strictly adv strictly speaking严格说来strictness n [U]

24. put …in place设置,安排

Before you leave the office, everything should be put in place. 在离开办公室之前, 应把所有物品摆放好。

in place (a)在平常或应在的地方: She likes everything to be in place before she starts work.(b)合适的; 恰当的: A little gratitude would be in place. 应当略表谢意.

out of place (a)不在平常或应在的地方(b)不适合的; 不适当的: Her criticisms were quite out of place. 她的批评太不相宜了.

25. by profession作为职业: She is a lawyer by profession. 她的职业是律师.

professional职业（上）的; 职业性的; 专业的

26. figure n

1)数字

2)金额, 价格at a high/low figure

3)装饰性的图案或系列动作[attrib 作定语] figure-skating花样滑冰.

4)画像, 肖像

5)[C] 身材;体态, 相貌: have a good figure身材苗条I'm dieting to keep my figure.我正在节食以保持身材. I saw a figure approaching in the darkness. 我看见黑暗中有个人影走近.

Vt (US) 想（某事物）; 估计: I figured (that) you wouldn't come. 我料想你不会来.

figure sth in (US) 将某事物包括在内; 计算在内Have you figured in the cost of food for our holiday?你把咱们度假的食物费用计算进去了吗?

figure on sth (US)计划; 指望I figure on being in New York in January. 我计划一月份在纽约.

figure sb/sth out (US) (a)理解; 弄明白: I've never been able to figure him out. 我一直不能理解他.

(b)演算出; 计算出

27. the other day最近: I saw her (only) the other day. 我（就）在最近见过她.

day after day日复一日Day after day she waited in vain for him to telephone her.

the day after tomorrow 後天the day before yesterday 前天

day by day一天一天地; 逐日: Day by day she learnt more about her job. 她日益了解自己的工作了.

one day过去或将来某一天some day他日; 将来有一天these days 如今; 当今to this day 至今

28. behave v

1)[I] ~ well, badly, etc (towards sb)（举止或行为）表现:

He has behaved shamefully towards his wife. 他对妻子的态度很可耻.

behave like grown men behaving like schoolboys

behave as if/though He was a little boy, but he behaved as if he was an adult.

2)[I, Tn] ~ (oneself)表现良好; 行为良好: Children, please behave (yourselves)!孩子们, 规矩些!

behaved (用以构成复合形容词) 有某种表现的:well-/ ill-/ badly-behaved children

29. cautious adj ~ (about/of …)小心的; 谨慎的: a cautious driver 谨慎的司机

be cautious of strangers 提防陌生人be cautious about spending money用钱仔细

The old lady is very cautious with money. 那位老太太用钱很谨慎。

cautiously adv. cautiousness n [U].

30. judgement n

1)[C] ~ (of/about sth) 意见; 看法:

make an unfair judgement of/about sb's character 对某人的品格做出不公正的评语

My judgement is that/In my judgement we should accept his offer.

2)[C, U]判决; 裁决: The court has still to pass judgement in this case. 法庭对此案仍需做出判决.

3)a) [U]决断力; 判断力; 见识; 眼力: He lacks sound judgement. 他缺乏准确的判断力.

(b) [U, C]判断: errors of judgement判断的错误.

4)[单] a ~ (on sb)报应; 天谴: This failure is a judgement on you for being so lazy. 这次失败是你懒惰的报应. judge1n 审判官; 法官; 裁判员;评判员:

judge2v

1)[I, T不用於被动语态] ~ (sb/sth) by/from sth 判断; 断定（某事物的价值﹑数量等）; 认为: As far as I can judge, they are all toblame. 据我判断, 他们都有责任. to judge by appearances从外貌来看

Judging from previous experience, he will be late. 根据以往的经验来看, 他得迟到.

The performance was good, when judged by their usual standards. 按他们平时的水平衡量, 这次演出不错.

I judged him to be about 50. 我看他有50岁.

2)[I, Tn] (a) 审理; 判处; 审判: judge fairly, harshly, leniently, etc 判得公正﹑严厉﹑宽大等

(b) 批评, 抨击（某人）

3) [Tn]评判, 裁判（竞赛）

31. alternative adj [作定语] other另一可选用的; 其他的: find alternative means of transport 另找一个运输方法Have you got an alternative suggestion? 你有没有其它的建议?

alternative n

1)可能性中的选择: Caught in the act, he had no alternative but to confess. 他被当场抓住, 除了招供别无出路.

2)可能性之一: One of the alternatives open to you is to resign. 你辞职也是个办法.

alternatively adv作为一种选择

32. involve v

1)[T]使（…）成为必要条件或结果; 需要: The job involved me/my living in London. 工作需要我住在伦敦.

2)[Tn]包括, 牵涉, 牵连（…）: The strike involved many people. 许多人参加了罢工.

3) (a) ~ sb/sth in (doing) sth使…参与某活动或陷入某情况: Don't involve me in solving your problems!你解决你的问题, 不要把我拉进去!

(b) ~ sb/sth in sth使…陷入（困境）: involve sb in a lot of trouble 使某人招惹许多麻烦He was involved in a heated argument. 他参与了一场激烈的争论.

(c) ~ sb in sth表明某人与（某罪行等）有关联: The witness's statement involves you in the robbery. 证人的证词表明你与劫案有涉.

involved adj

1)（思想或形式上）复杂的: an involved sentence复杂的句子

2 (a) ~ (in sth)（与某事物）有关联的: be/become/get involved in politics与政治有关联. (b) ~ (with sb)（与某人）有（密切）关系的

involvement n [U, C].

33. cost1v (pt, pp cost) (在表示代价等的名词词组前常加间接宾语)

1)[In/pr] (常不用於进行时态) 价钱为; 需花费: These chairs cost 40 each. 这些椅子每把价钱为40英镑. * How much/What does it cost? 这东西值多少钱? * It costs too much. 这东西价钱太贵. It costs (them) 1000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆汽车每年（他们）要花1000英镑.

2)[In/pr] (比喻) (通常不用於进行时态) (a)使付出（代价）; 使丧失: Dangerous driving could cost you your life. 开车不注意安全有生命危险. (b)需做出某种努力或牺牲: Her irresponsible behaviour cost her father many sleepless nights. 她那不负责任的行为使她父亲许多夜不得安眠.

3) [Tn] (pt, pp ~ed) (商)估价; 定价; 估计成本: Has this project been costed?

cost sth out估算…的成本或价钱

cost2n

1. [U, C] 价钱; 价格; 费用: the high cost of car repairs 昂贵的汽车修理费the cost of living/living costs生活费用

2. [U, sing]（为得到某物而付的）代价; 努力; 损失; 牺牲:

The battle was won at (a) great cost in human lives. 牺牲了许多人的生命才换来了这次战役的胜利.

at all costs不惜任何代价

at cost按成本价格: goods sold at cost按成本价格出售的货物.

at the cost of sth以牺牲…为代价: She saved him from drowning, but only at the cost of her own life. 他遇溺时她把他救了, 但却牺牲了自己的生命.

to one's `cost付了代价; 吃了苦头

34. conduct v

1)[T]领导﹑指导或带领: I asked the attendant to conduct him to the door/conduct him out. 我让服务员领他们到门口[领他出去].

2)(a) [Tn] 指挥（某事物）; 控制; 操纵; 管理; 主持; 经营: conduct business, a meeting, negotiations, etc 经营生意﹑主持会议﹑主持谈判等(b) [I, Tn]指挥演出

3)[T] ~ oneself well, badly, etc（行为）表现: conduct oneself with dignity like a gentleman 行为端庄高尚像正人君子

4)[Tn]（指物质）传导（热﹑电流等）

conduction n [U]（电流或热量的）传导; 导电; 导热. conductive导热的; 导电的; 能传导的.

35. survey to conduct / carry out a survey 进行调查

36．majority n 1)[Gp]大多数; 大半: A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio. 大部分人似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机. * The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议. [作定语] majority opinion, rule多数人的意见

2)[C] ~ (over sb) 超过对方的票数: She was elected by a majority of 3749. 她以超过对方3749票当选.

be in the/a majority构成大部分/大多数

minority n 1)(a) [CGp] (常作单数)少数（尤指投票者或票数）: Only a minority of British households do/does not have a car. 英国只有少数家庭没有汽车. [作定语] a minority vote, opinion少数人的票﹑意见. (b) [C]小团体, 少数: the rights of ethnic minorities 少数民族的权利[作定语] minority rights少数派的权利.

2)[U] (律) 未成年: be in one's minority

be in a/the minority是少数派（尤指在投票的两部分人中）: We're in the minority. 我们是少数派.

35. conclude v

1) [I, T] ~ (sth) (with sth)（使）（…）结束: a few concluding remarks 几句结束语

The story concludes with the hero's death. 这故事随主人公死亡而告终.He concluded by saying that 他结束讲话时说2) [T] ~ sth from sth（经推理）相信某事物: Those are the facts; what do you conclude from them? 这些都是事实, 你能从中得出什麽结论?

3)[T] ~ sth (with sb)达成; 决定; 缔结（条约等）: Britain concluded a trade agreement with China. 英国和中国签署了贸易协定.

4)[不用於被动语态] (esp US)决定（尤指经讨论或协商We concluded to go out/that we would go out. 我们决定出去. conclusion n

1)[C常作单数]结束; 结尾: at the conclusion of his speech 他讲话的结尾

bring sth to a speedy conclusion将某事物迅速结束.

2)[C] ~ (that...)（由推理而得出的）意见, 结论: I came to/reached the conclusion that he'd been lying. 我看他是在说谎. draw a conclusion from …

in conclusion最後: In conclusion I'd like to saythat...最後, 我想说....

37. urge v

1)[Tn] 驱赶, 驱策（马等）: urge a pony up a slope 驱策小马上斜坡* urge one's mount on, forward, north 策马继续前进﹑向前﹑朝北走She urged her mare to jump the fence. 她策马跳过障碍物.

2)[Tn]催促（某人）: He urged that we should go/urged (our) going/urged us to go. 他催我们走.

3)[T] ~ sth (on/upon sb/sth)竭力推荐…: We urged caution. 我们特别提出要小心谨慎. The government urged on industry the importance of low pay settlements. 政府向工商业界强调解决低工资问题的重要性.

urge sb on激励某人做某事Urged on by his colleagues, he stood for election. 他受到同事的鼓励而参加竞选.

urge n 强烈的慾望: get, have, feel a sudden urge to travel心血来潮去旅行.

38. seek v (pt, pp sought ) 1)(a) [I 尤用被动语态, T] ~ (after/for sth) 寻找; 找到或得到:

seeking (for) solutions to current problems 寻找对目前问题的解决办法

young graduates seeking (after) success in life 探索人生成功之途的年轻毕业生

seek happiness, comfort, wealth, etc 追求幸福﹑安逸﹑财富等

seek shelter from the rain 寻找避雨之处seek safety in flight 逃生

(b) [T] 设法到达或达到: seek revenge /compensation 寻求报复/补Water seeks its own level. 水能自行流平.

2)[T] ~ sth (from sb)向某人寻求某事: seek help, advice, information from sb请求帮助﹑徵求意见﹑寻找信息

You must seek permission from the manager. 你需请求经理批准.

3)[I] 设法（做某事）; 试图seek to do sth: They are seeking to mislead us. 他们竭力误导我们.

seek one's `fortune寻找致富及成功之道.

seek sb/sth out找出或找到…: We sought her out to tell her of her success. 我们找到她, 告诉她她成功了.

39. practice n

1)[U] 实践; 实际: put a plan into practice 实行某计划

The idea would never work in practice. 那种设想永远也实现不了.

2)(a)[U]（经常反覆的）练习: an hour's practice every day 每天一小时的练习Playing the piano well requires a lot of practice. 要弹好钢琴就得多练习. (b) [C] 练习期间: The players will meet for a practice in the morning. 运动员们

在早上一起训练.

3)(a) [U]惯例; 常规: It is accepted/common practice to pay a deposit with one's order. 在预订时交付定金是一般的

惯例. It is the practice in Britain to drive on the left. 车辆靠左行驶是英国的制度.

(b) [C]惯常做的事; 习俗: I had coffee after dinner, as is my usual practice. 我饭後喝咖啡, 这是我的习惯.

in practice勤於练习be /get out of 疏於练习:

It's important to keep in practice. 经常练习很重要. If you don't play, you'll get out of practice. 不练习就会荒疏. practice makes perfect (谚) 熟能生巧

40. perform v

1)[Tn] 做, 执行, 履行: perform a task, one's duty/a job perform an operation动手术

2)[I, Tn] 表演; 演奏（音乐）: watch sb perform 看某人表演perform skilfully on the flute 熟练地吹奏横笛perform live on television 电视实况演出

3)[I](与副词连用)（机器等）运转; （发明等）运用: How is the new car performing? 新汽车性能如何?

perform well/badly etc

4)[Tn]正式进行, 施行: perform a ceremony举行典礼

performer n表演者

41. resistant adj ~ (to sth)抵抗的; 对抗的; 有阻力的: be resistant to change抗拒变革insects that have become resistant to DDT 对滴滴涕已有抗药性的昆虫

heat-resistant/stain-resistant/fire-resistant etc

42. limit1n [C] 限度; 极限; 限界; 限量:

within the city limits 在该城范围内speed limit车速限制

(比喻) He tried my patience to its limits. 他把我逼得忍无可忍了.

No fishing is allowed within a twenty-mile limit. 二十英里范围内不准垂钓.

There's a limit to how much I'm prepared to spend. 我准备花多少钱是有限度的.

(be) the limit所能忍受或无法再忍受的极限: You really are the (absolute) limit!你真让人忍无可忍!

within limits 适度地: I'm willing to help, within limits. 我愿适当予以帮助.

without limit无限制地

off limits(指某地方）禁止入内; 谢绝（某人）参观That area of beach was off limits to us city kids.

limitless adj无限度的; 无界限的; 无止境的: limitless ambition, greed, wealth

limit2v [Tn] ~ sb/sth to sth 给…定界限; 限定…: I shall limit myself to two cups of coffee a day.

The damage was limited to the roof. 只限于对屋顶有所破坏.

limited adj有限的; 少的;小的: His intelligence is rather limited. 他的智力相当有限.

43. construction n建筑, 施工; 建筑物: the construction of new roads 新道路的施工be (still ) under construction constructor n建筑者; 建造者

44. favour1 (US favor) n

1)[U] 喜爱; 好感; 赞同（尤与下列动词连用）: win sb's favour 获得某人的好感

look on a plan with favour赞成一项计划

2)[U] 偏爱; 偏袒: He obtained his position more by favour than by merit or ability. 他因得宠而获此地位, 并非有何特长或本事.

3)[C]善行, 恩惠（尤与下列动词连用）: May I ask a favour of you? 请您帮个忙行吗?

Do me a favour /Do a favour for me and turn the radio down, will you?劳驾, 把收音机的声音调小点好吗?

in favour of sb/sth 赞成…; 支持…: Was he in favour of the death penalty?他赞成死刑吗?

in sb's/sth’s favour 对…有利The decision went in his favour. 这一判决对他有利.

be in/out of favour (with sb); be in/out of sb's favour 得到/失去某人的尊重﹑赞同等.

favour2 (US favor) v [T]

1)支持; 喜爱: Of the two possible plans I favour the first. 在这两种可行方案中我赞成前者.

2)偏爱; 偏袒: She always favours her youngest child (more than the others). 她总是偏爱她最小的孩子.

favour sb with sth为某人做某事; 应某人要求做某事: I should be grateful if you would favour me with an early reply. 若蒙早日赐覆则不胜感谢.

45. view n

1)[U]观看; 看; 视野: The lake came into view/We came in view of the lake as we turned the corner. 我们转过弯就看

见那个湖了.

2) [C] 从某处看到的东西;（尤）自然美景, 风景: 10 different views of London伦敦十景[sing] You'll get a better view of the pianist if you stand up. 你站起来, 就能更清楚地看到那位钢琴家.

3) [C尤作复数] ~ (about/on sth)（个人的）意见, 态度;见解: have, hold, express strong political views 有﹑持﹑表达政治观点What are your views on her resignation? 你对她辞职有什麽想法?

have, etc sth in view头脑中对…有清楚的概念﹑计划等: in one’s view 依...之见.

in view of sth鉴於; 考虑到: In view of the weather, we will cancel the outing. 因天气关系, 我们要取消此次郊游. on view陈列着

a/one's point of view 态度;看法: This is unacceptable from my point of view. 依我看, 这事不能同意.

v 1)[T] ~ sth (as sth) 考虑或认为: How do you view your chances of success?你认为你获得成功有多大把握? The attack on the ship was viewed as an act of war. 攻击了那条船已视作战争行为.

2)[T]仔细察看或注视

viewer n 观看者; 观察者

46. argue v

1) [Ir] ~ (with sb) (about/over sth)争论; 争吵: We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal. 我们跟服务员争执那顿饭的价钱.

2) [I, T] ~ for/against (doing)sth说理; 争辩; 辩论: argue for the right to strike 为争取罢工权利而辩论I argued that we needed a larger office. 我据理力争我们需要大些的办公室.

argue sb into/out of doing sth说服﹑劝说某人做/不做…: Joyce argued me into buying a new jacket.

47. rate1n

1)比率; 率: at a/the rate of 3 miles an hour 以每小时3英里的速度

produce cars at a rate of 50 a/per week 以每周50辆的速度生产汽车

birth/marriage/death rate 出生/结婚/死亡率

2)价值﹑费用或价格的量度: a low/high hourly rate of pay 按小时收取的低/高报酬

3)（运动﹑变化等的）速度; 进度: at a great steady rate 以很高的﹑稳定的...速度double the rate of production使生产速度提高一倍

at any rate无论如何; 不管怎样at this/that rate照这样/那样做

rate2v

1)[T] ~ sth at sth; ~ sb/sth as sth评定某人[某事物]的价值: \

What do you rate his income at? 你估计他的收入有多少? She is highly rated as a novelist.

2)[T] 把…看成是; 认为

48. turn (sb) against sb（使某人）与某人反目或为敌她与老朋友反目成仇了.

turn away (from sb/sth转过脸不面对: She turned away in horror at the sight of so much blood.

turn sb away (from sth) 不准某人进入; 拒绝帮助或支持: Hundreds of people had to be turned away from the stadium. turn away a begga不给乞丐钱

turn sb/sth down 顶回或拒不理会He asked Jane to marry him but she turned him down/turned down his proposal.

他请求简嫁给他, 但她拒绝了.

turn sth down 调节使热度﹑音量等降低turn sb in将某人交给警方拘押

turn sth in (a) 交还某物(b)停止做某事; 放弃turn sth inside out把里面翻作外面

turn sth off (a) 截断（电流﹑煤气﹑水等）; 关掉turn off the light, oven, tap 关上灯﹑烤箱﹑龙头(b)关上（收音机﹑电视机等）

turn sth on扭开（烤箱﹑收音机等）: turn on the light, television, central heating

turn out (a)在场; 露面; 出席: A vast crowd turned out to watch the match. 大群的观众到场观看比赛. (b) (与副词或形容词连用, 或用于以how问句中) 以某方式发生; 证明为: If the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans. 万一下雨的话, 我们也许得改变计画. `How did the party turn out?' `It turned out very well, thanks.'

turn sb/sth out 培养出; 生产或制造turn sth out关掉（灯或炉火）; 熄灭

turn out to be sb/sth; turn out that... 证明是; 原来是...: She turned out to be a friend of my sister/It turned out that she was a friend of my sister. 她原来是我妹妹的朋友. The job turned out to be harder than we thought. 这工作结果

比我们想的要难.

turn (sb/sth) over（使…）翻身或翻转turn sb over to sb把某人交给（负责人﹑警方等）turn sth over to sb 把…的控制权交给某人

turn(sb/sth) round（使…）面向另一方向turn to sb/sth向…寻求帮助The child turned to its mother for comfort. 那孩子向母亲寻求安慰.

turn up (a) (b) make one's appearance; arrive 露面; 来到: We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7.30, but he failed to turn up (c)（失去後）被发现或找到（尤指偶然地）: I'm sure your watch will turn up one of these days. 我担保你的手表准有一天能找到. (d)（指机会）出现, 到来: He's still hoping something will turn up. 他仍在期待机会出现. turn sth up (a) 使某物面朝上(b) 摺起衣边改短（衣服）c) 挖掘而发现某物(d)开大…的音量: I can't hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit? 收音机我听不太清楚, 你把声音开大点行吗?