商务英语阅读第一单元
Chapter 1 General View of International Business WTO
Para 1
engaged in
international transactions
be involved in
originate引起, 发明, 发起, 创办vi. 起源, 发生restrictions n.限制, 约束
virtually: in fact
tariffs: 关税
quotas：配额
embargo：禁运
boycotts：联合抵制
barrier：贸易壁垒
The World Trade Organization (WTO)
inter-governmental organization：政府间的组织flow：流畅
(be) based on：以……为基础
services：服务
settle：解决；平息
trade dispute：贸易争端
negotiation：谈判
promote cooperation：促进合作
joint decision-making：共同决策
consensus：一致同意；一致意见
body：机构；团体
council：决策班子；委员会
committee：委员会
consist of：由…组成
entire membership：全体成员
administrative support：行政支撑
secretariat：秘书处
Geneva, Switzerland：瑞士的日内瓦
Para. 2
trading system：贸易系统
date back：追溯到…
Bretton Woods: 布雷顿森林
conference：会议
delegate：代表
conceive：构思
create：创立；创建
the World Bank：世界银行
the International Monetary Fund：国际货币基金组织
International trade organization (ITO)：国际贸易组织
a specialized agency：个别机构
charter：宪章
ambitious：有抱负的；有雄心壮志的
extend beyond：扩充；延伸
world trade disciplines：世界贸易原则
commodity agreement：国际商品协定
restrictive business practices：限制性经营办法
international investment：国际投资
Havana：哈瓦拉（古巴首都）
Cuba：古巴
ratification：批准
legislation：立法
opposition：反对
the U.S. Senate：美国上议院
driving forces：动力
announce：宣布
seek：寻求
congressional ratification：国会的批准
effectively：有效地
eventual result：最后的结果
subsequent：随后的；后来的
creation：创建；创立
the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)：关贸总协定be concerned with：关注…
primarily:主要的（mainly）
reduce barriers to the international trade of goods:
减少国际商品贸易壁垒
result from：由…所产生
provisional: 临时的
prosperous：兴旺发达的
multilateral：多边的；多国的
international commerce：国际贸易
overhaul：彻底改革
due：应得的；预期的
massive modification：巨大的改革
Uruguay Round：乌拉圭回合（在乌拉圭的多次国际贸易谈判）Para 3
regulate：控制；调节；规范
regulating world trade of goods：规范国际商品贸易
tariff barriers：关税壁垒
non-tariff barriers：非关税壁垒
not long after：soon
give birth to: 产生(result in…)
de facto: 实际上；实事上
informally：非正式的
over the years：during the following years
evolve: 发展；进化
set out：订立
conduct international trade：进行国际贸易
institution：机构
temporary：暂时的；临时的
recognize：认可
replace：代替
amend：修改
incorporate：合并
live on：继续存在
updated：最新的
text：版本(version)
key principles: 主要原则
adopt：采用
General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)：服务贸易总协定intellectual property: 知识产权
Trade-Related Aspects of International Property Rights (TRIPS)：与贸易有关的知识产权协定
Para 4
signatory （signatories）：签署各国
intend：打算
set up a worldwide trading organization：建立世界贸易组织
in the event：最后(eventually)
reach an understanding: 达成一致意见
(not) increase tariffs beyond their existing level：
增加的关税不超过现在的水平
Abolition：废除
most favored nation：最惠国
trading privileges：贸易特权
extend：扩展；延伸
systems of preferences：优惠系统；特惠系统
Commonwealth Preference：英联邦关税特惠制
trading blocs：贸易集团
establishment：建立
common-market type agreements：共同市场协定
EC：abbr. 欧共体(European Community)
Outward -looking：外向型的
Insular：adj.内向型的；海岛的, 孤立的, 超然物外的
abolish quotas：废除配额
Kennedy Round：肯尼迪回合
account for about 80% of international trade：占…..
Para. 5
emphasis: 重点；强调
shift：转换；转移
the north-south dialogue：南北对话
conduct：进行；实行
the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)：联合国贸易与发展会议
primary commodities：初级商品
discriminate (against)：歧视
protectionist policy：贸易保护主义政策
freer access to markets：更自由进入市场的机会
WTO Agreements：世贸协定
Part 1
expansion：扩充
governing：控制；调节
cover：包括
global exchange of goods：全球商品交易
capital：资本
multi-national organization：多国贸易
(be) capable of：能….
resolve: 解决
trade conflicts：贸易冲突；贸易争端
play a key role：发挥关键性的作用
settle trade disputes：解决贸易争端
at its heart：起核心作用
legal：法定的
ground-rules：章程
essentially：本质上
bind governments to keep their trade policies：
约束各国政府保持贸易政策不变
within agreed limits：已经过协议的范围内
as negotiated and signed governments:
作为经过谈判和签署协议的各国政府
objective：目标；目的
achieve：实现
tolerance：宽容
generosity：大度
impartial means of settling trade disputes：公正解决贸易争端的办法overriding purpose：最重要的目的
undesirable side effects：不希望发生的副作用
obstacles：障碍
ensure：确保；保证
individuals：个体
transparent：透明的
readily：容易地
ascertainable：确定的
predictable：可预见的
protectionism：贸易保护主义
bloated：膨胀的
inefficient：低效率的
closure：关闭
draft：草拟
drafted and signed by community of trading nations：
由各贸易国共同草拟和签署的
considerable debate：充分的辩论
controversy：争论
function：作用
forum：论坛
Part 2
dispute settlement：解决争端
conflicting interest：利益冲突
bring actions on its own initiative：独自采取行动
initiate actions：采取行动
dispute settlement process：解决争端程序
spell out：讲清除；详细说明
Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes：解决争端规则和程序的谅解
govern：管理；统治；控制
dispute settlement body：解决争端机构
a special assembly：立法机构
consultation：磋商
interested third-parties：有利益关系的第三当事人
the establishment of a panel：建立专家组
investigate：调查
alleged violations：对违反…的指控
appellate review：上诉审查
Appellate Body：上诉机构
adoption of the panel: 采纳专家意见
appellate decision by the Dispute Settlement Body：
解决争端机构的上诉裁决
implementation of the decision adopted：执行所采纳的裁决
escalating：逐步上升的；循序渐进的
three-step process：三个步骤
voluntary conformity：自愿一致
the violating member: 侵害方
compensation：赔偿
the injured member：被侵害方
trade concessions：贸易让步；妥协
accomplish：实现
retaliation：报复
arbitration：仲裁
Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization：建立世界贸易组织协定
Part 3
antidumping: 反倾销
imposition：强加
impositionof antidumping：强加反倾销（报复）countervailing measures：抵销措施；补偿措施
fair value：公平价值
dumping: 倾销
recognize：公认
prohibit：禁止
an established industry：已有的工业
materially：从物质上
inhibit：抑制；约束
domestic industry：国内工业
provide: 规定
impose：强行征税
antidumping duty：反倾销税
in appropriate circumstances：在适当的情况下outline：概述
subsidy：津贴；补助金
bounty：津贴
bestow：给予
artificially cheaper：人为造成的便宜
emerging industries: 新兴工业
a member nation: 成员国
a countervailing duty：反倾销税；反补贴税
offset：抵销
Part 4
lengthy and complex：漫长而复杂的
legal texts：法律文本
cover a wide range of activities：涉及范围广government purchases: 政府采购
food sanitation regulations：食品卫生规则intellectual property：知识产权
fundamental principles：基本原则
run throughout all of these documents：应用与所有文件worldwide, multilateral trading system：全世界多边贸易系统states v. ：规定
discrimination：歧视
discriminate：歧视
grante：准予；承认
most-favoured-nation (MFN) status：最惠国地位
national treatment （国民待遇）
freer：更自由的
prediatable：可以预见的
arbitrarily：任意地；随意地
more competitive：更据竞争性的
discouraging: 打击
market share：市场份额
beneficial：受益的
flexibility：灵活性
special privileges：特权
Part 6
cost-free: 免费的；不付出代价的
attain：获得
applicant：申请者
go through：经过
existing members：现有成员国
prospective members：申请加入的国家
engage in some painful reforms：进行一些难度很大的改革curb export subsidies(subsidy)：控制；抑制
enforcement of laws：强制执行法律
intellectual property piracy：侵犯知识产权的行为
1.2 Globalization
1.2.1.
globalization：全球化
globe: 地球；世界
integrated：综合的
a more integrated and interdependent world economy：
更加综合和相互依赖的世界经济
components：成分；因素
the globalization of markets：全球化市场
the globalization of production：全球化生产
1.2.1.1
the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace：
从过去的明显的单一国内市场融汇为一个巨大的全球市场
the taste and preference：品味和偏好
converge on a global norm：汇聚为一个全球标准
Citicorp credit cards：花旗银行信用卡
Levi’s jeans：Levi’s 牛仔服
Sony Walkmans and Discmans：
Nintendo game players：任天堂游戏机
hold up：认为
prototypical：典型的
trend：趋势
Levi Strauss：一公司名(Levi’s strauss 牛仔裤)
benefactor: 贡献者；恩人；捐助者
facilitator：推动者
standardized product：标准化产品
the size of these multinational giants：跨国公司规模
facilitate: 推动；促进
triple：增至三倍
account for：占
target emerging markets：瞄准新兴市场
close to: nearly
Part 2
prevalence：流行
Sony PlayStations：索尼游戏站
push too far: （将某事）过分扩大
give way to：让位于….
significant：重要的
relevant dimensions：相关方面
distribution channels：销售渠道
culturally embedded value systems：根深帝固的文化价值观念
marketing strategy：营销策略
and the like: and so on
operating practice: 操作习惯
customize：为用户定制
best match conditions in a country：最好地与当地国家的情况相适应
promote: 开发
varying car models：不同的汽车类型
a range of factors：一系列的因素
traffic congestion：交通拥堵
Part 3
currently：目前；现在
universal need the world over: 全球性的需要
the world over：all over the world
commodity: 商品
aluminum：铝
microprocessor：微型处理器
DRAMs: computer memory chips：电脑存储芯片commercial jet aircraft：商用喷气式飞机
financial assets：金融资产
US Treasury bills：美国短期债券，偿还期一般为三到六个月futures on the Nikkei Index：日经期货指数
the Nikkei Index 东京证券交易所
Eurobonds: 欧洲债券
Mexican peso：墨西哥比索
Part 4
an important feature：特点；特征
confront：面对；对抗
competitor：竞争对手
in nation after nation：一个又一个国家
rivalry：竞争
rival: 对手
Pepsi：百事可乐
Ford：美国福特汽车公司
Toyota：丰田汽车
Boeing：波音公司
Air-bus：空中客车
Caterpillar：公司名
Komatsu：公司名
Nintendo：任天堂
Sony：索尼
gain an advantage：取得优势
homogeneity：同质:同种
multinational enterprise：跨国企业
emerge：出现
convergence：集中
homogeneous：相似的；同类的
1.2.1.2 The Globalization of Production
tendency: 趋向
source：寻找（search for）
take advantage of national differences：利用国家之间的不同in the cost and quality：在成本与质量方面
factors of production：生产要素
overall cost structure：全部成本结构
functionality：功能
major component parts：主要零件
supplier：供应商
fuselage, doors and wings：机身，机门和机翼
the nose landing gear：飞机起落架
wing flaps: 副翼；阻力板
rationale：基本原理
outsource: 外购；外包
perform：从事；做
enhance: 提高；增强
Part 2
dispersal：分散
get into the act：参加；插手
Swan Optical: 公司名（a company）
manufacturer：制造商
distributor：销售商
eyewear：眼镜
revenue：收入
jointly: 共同的
minority stake：少数股份
locations：地方(places)
designer eyewear：设计师的眼镜
charge a premium price: 获取保险费溢价
disperse：分散
competitive advantage：竞争优势
exemplify：例证；作为…例子
irrelevant：不恰当的；不相关的
the outsourcing of productive activities：外购（外包）的生产活动substantial：很大的；重要的
impediment：障碍
optimal dispersion：理想的分散（生产活动）
Part 3
travel down the road toward…：go toward…
characterized by…以…为特点
important actors in this drama：这个舞台上的重要演员
foster：促进
merely：only
respond: 相应；回应
1.2.2. Implications for the Globalization of Production decline: 下降
Implications for International Business：国际贸易的含义due to：由于
containerization：集装箱化
transportation cost：运输成本
associated with…：与…有关
technological innovation：技术革新
information processing：数据处理；信息处理
fall dramatically：很大的下降
in the past two decades：在过去的二十年里essential：重要的
Texas Instrument (TI): a firm in the US approximately：大约
coordinate：管理；协调
on a global scale：在全球的范围内
remote entry terminals：远程终端
inquiry terminals: 查询终端
mainframe computers：大型计算机
vast：大量的
instantaneously：瞬间的；立刻的
implement：实现
Part 2
electronic：电子的
Hewlett-Packard: a US firm
(be) composed of：由…组成
videoconferencing technology：视频会议技术
on a weekly basis：每周一次的
via: 通过by way of
integration：综合管理
1.2
2.2
Implications for the Globalization of Markets facilitate：推动
economical：节约的；经济的
mass movement of people：（人们）大量移动
cultural distance：文化差距
bring about：使…产生
convergence：集中
consumer tastes and preferences：消费品味和偏好CNN: 美国有限新闻网络
primary conveyor：主要载体
evolution：发展；演变
akin：类似的
emergence：出现
Rio (巴西)里约热内卢Berlin：柏林
Gap jeans：一种牛仔服品牌San Francisco：旧金山
Part 4 overemphasize：过分强调usher in：引领
conduct：做；操作ignore：忽视
peril：危险
商务英语函电 参考答案
Reference Keys Unit 2 Establishing Business Relations 学学练练 I. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. h 6. f 7. e 8. g II. 1.供你方参考 2. 期望，盼望 3. 供应中 4. in the hope of/that 5. establish business relations 6. fall within the scope of III. 1. desirous to 2. in the line of 3.give you a general idea 4. covering 5. in the market 6.refer to 7.be informed IV. 1. appreciate 2. in, for 3.upon 4. to 5. informed 6. with 7.enclosed 8. in 9. desire 10. for 实操练习 I. 1.Through the courtesy of ABC company, we have your name and address. 2. We would like to inform you that we could supply various types of men’s leather shoes. 3. We have established business relations with more than 50 countries in the world, on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and exchange of needed goods。 4. Specializing in the export of Chinese bicycles, we express our desire to trade with you in this line. 5. In order to promote business between us, we shall airmail you some samples for your reference. 6. We enclose a copy of catalog and a sampl e and are sure that you will be satisfied
商务英语阅读习题及答案一.doc
II) Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right 1. motivation 2. pursue 3. mark up 4. procurement 5. intangible 6. cargoroyalty 商务英语阅读习题（一） I) Comprehension 1. What is international trade? 2. What are the major motivations for private firm to operate international business? 3. What measures do most companies usually adopt to avoid wild swings in the sales and profits? 4. Pleas give the four major modes chosen by most companies when entering into international trade. 5. Could you find any difference between Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment? If you can, please tell the main reasons. 6. What is MNE? What are its synonyms? 7. What limits a firm's sales? A. to make continual efforts to gain sth. B. the action of obtaining, esp. by efforts of careful attention. C. which by is its nature can not be known by senses, not clear and certain, not real. D. the goods (freight) carried by a ship, plane or vehicle. E. the amount by which a price is raised. F. profit, interest- G. the net value of assets or interest, invest. 8. equity 股本，资产净值 H. not needing other things or people, taking decisions alone. 9. yield I. a share of the profits. 10. independent J. need or purpose. 2. A 3.E 4.B 5. C 6.D 7.1 8.G 9.F 10.H HI) Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below and if necessary, put the word in the right form. A. orientation B. diversify C. seek out D. differentiate...from E. take advantage of F. undergo G. bring about H. correspond L abandon J. amount to K. Come after L. approach 1. That factory is trying to B its products to sell in different markets. 2. A successful businessman is always skilled in E every possible opportunity. 3. Reforming and opening to the world has G great changes in our lives. 4. Can you D this kind of operating the others? 5. Private firm going in for international business have a profit A 6. He I his company and family and went away with all the money. 7. The L of winter brings cold weather. 8. The manager's words J a refusal to the proposal.
商务英语函电课后答案
Dear Sirs, We obtain your name and address from the internet, and we are writing you in the hope of establishing direct business relations with you. We’re one of the importers of Beddings with years’of experience in this line. At present, we’ll be pleased to get the samples for your bed-sheets. Thank you for your cooperation. Yours sincerely, \\ 2 Dear Sirs, Your company has been introduced to us by FMC Company, Sydney, Australia, who has informend us that you are interested in electric goods . As we have been in this line for years, we are writing you in the hope of establishing business relations with you. In order to give you a rough idea of our products available for export at present, we are sending you under separate cover the latest catalogues. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully Dear Sirs, We learn from the internet that you are in urgent need of a large quantity of Children’s Sport Shoes. We’re writing you in the hope of entering into long-term business relations with you. We have been handling the export of various kinds of textiles and shoes for many years, and our products are very popular in the American and European markets for their good quality and reasonable prices. We also have kept close connections with the local shoe manufacturers, and can ensure the steady source and quality. In order to give you a rough idea of our products, we are sending you our latest catalogues and price lists for Children’s Sport Shoes for your reference. If you are interested in any of the items, please let us know. We await your early reply. Yours faithfully,
商务英语阅读教程3答案之令狐文艳创作
Text A 令狐文艳 II. Choose the best answer from the following. 1.C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. D III. Translate the following into Chinese. 1.经过数月在网上搜寻研究西北大学和仔细询问到访过西 北大学的朋友、老师和咨询顾问，玛克辛最终希望自己能被西北大学录取。 2.对于像玛克辛一样正在申请秋季入学的学生来说，他们 会沮丧地发现这一梦想难以实现。考入一所知名院校的机会从未如此渺茫。 3.但是招生主管们已经开始担忧申请者数量缩减的问题， 尤其是为数不多每年有能力支付4万美金费用的那部分申请者。 Text B II. Decidewhether the following statements are true or falseaccording to the text. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. F III. Translate the following into Chinese 1.20世纪80年代和90年代初期私立中学毕业生能够期 望一生的收入比国立中学同时期毕业生多35％，他们
发现这其中大约一半可以归因于他们所接受的教育，而非他们的背景。 2.研究人员也尽量精确地描述私立中学施展魔力的办法： 凭借更优秀的考试成绩，而不是凭借关系网带来的各种机会或者质量更高的诸如礼仪或领导方法等软技巧的教学。 3.一位知情人士认为如下的操作不太可能：许多父母通过 再抵押贷款来支付学费，但由于不稳定的房价和银行日益紧缩的信贷条件，这条路很快就走不通了。 Fast Reading Practice 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. B
商务英语函电 王维平 Chapter 8参考译文及课后答案
Chapter 8 Learning Aims 学完本章，学生应能： 1．识别装船指示和装船通知； 2．熟悉一些模具产品名称； 3．掌握装运方面信件的结构以及相关术语和表达方式； 4．学会案例分析，并撰写与装运相关的信函。 Background Information 在国际贸易中，在装运前，买方通常把他们的装运需求发送给卖方，告知他们包装和标志，运输方式等，此为装运指示。 卖方在装运货物后应立即向买方发送装船通知，告知他们装运情况。装船通知通常包含以下内容： （1）预计出发时间；预计到达时间 （2）装船货物 （3）船名 （4）集装箱号 （5）铅封号 （6）所附单证 装运当事人有三方，即货主，承运人和收货人。 提单可被看作为货物收据、运输合同证明和物权凭证。 Letter 1
李友
Letter 2 Letter 3 Letter 4
Letter 5 Letter 6
Exercises I．Fill in the following blanks. 1. importance; urgent; advance; co-operation 2. circumstances; compelled; an alternative/alternatives; 3. extended; expired 4. pleasure; informing 5. in duplicate II．Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1．我们很高兴在此通知，贵方所订的车灯模具已由“魅力”号货轮发出，将于5月15号抵达宁波。 2．我们很奇怪至今尚未收到于8月1号所订的螺钉，我方客户要求予以解释，因为他们急需此批货物。 3．由于交货长期延误，给我们带来不便。我们要求立即发货，否则，我们将不得不按合同规定取消订单。 4．请尽快安排装运我方所订的货物。 5．这艘货船将于7月20号左右驶往上海。 III．Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Upon receipt of the L/C, please effect shipment of the goods booked by us as soon as possible. 2. We are informed by ABC shipping company that S.S. “Beauty” is due to sail from your city to our port on or about 6th this month. 3. We are very much obliged for your kind cooperation. 4. We hope that these goods will reach you in time and turn out to your entire satisfaction. 5. We are in urgent need of the goods and have to request you to ship them without any further delay.
商务英语阅读教程——参考译文
参考译文 Unit 1 参考译文 国际商务的范围 国际商务是指任何类型的跨国商务活动。它可以分为4种类型: 对外贸易、服务贸易、有价证券投资和直接投资。在对外贸易中，国与国之间从事有形货物或商品的进出口业务。进出口贸易构成了世界上大多数国家最基本的国际商务活动。除货物和商品进出口贸易外,国家之间还进行服务贸易，如保险、金融、饭店、咨询、旅游及运输。跨国公司就因在别国提供服务而得到报酬。 国际有价证券投资指在别国进行的金融投资。投资者购买企业股票和长期债券，无非是为了谋求投资回报。有价证券投资者的目标不是控制一个企业，他们随时可按市场行情兑现他们所投的资金。海外直接投资是指在国外建厂或建立销售网络。投资者可购买外国公司现有的全部或部分资产，以控制或部分控制该公司的销售、生产、科研和发展。 从历史的角度来看，国际商务并非新鲜事物。它已有上千年的历史，尽管其形式、方法及重要性在不断演变。在古代，希腊人就在地中海地区从事贸易活动。在历史的长河中，随着复杂的商务技巧不断出现，商业持续不断的发展，从而促进了货物、资源、资金在国家间的流动。工业革命提供了大规模生产方法和大规模市场，从而进一步促进了国际商务的发展。随着工业化水平的提高，对供给、原料、劳动力和运输的需求也日益增大。 20 世纪以来，事实证明，广泛的商务关系覆盖全球。由于商务实体越来越认识到它们的市场是全球性的，而不仅仅在国内，所以产品、资本和人员比以往任何时候都更紧密地联系在一起。随着商务活动的范围跨出国界，银行和金融机构接踵而至，以满足商务活动为世界性的投资和经营所需要的资金。金融市场之间的联系也变得非常纷繁复杂。美国股市的走向和变化会直接影响到世界上其他地区的产权投资市场。 如今，只有目光短浅的商人才会相信，一个企业在本国市场范围内完全可以实现发展和繁荣。国内商界起码必须认识到市场竞争的国际根源，因为竞争的根源一直存在，并且日益成为国内商界的威胁。在世界市场和经济的动态中，这些变化的根源就是世界范围寻求的国际商务活动。 Unit 2 参考译文 维萨卡在中国的发展史 15 年前，中国没有一个人持有维萨卡。今天，中国有三千多万人持有维萨卡。 1993 年我们率先成立了维萨卡北京办事处。此后，我们与中国的金卡工程和其他机构合作，帮助改进中国的银行卡支付系统。为了建设中国第一个电子支付网络，维萨卡国际组织在其运行、构架、技术设备等方面提供了必要的支持和建议，我们对此感到尤为自豪。
商务英语阅读(第二版)王关富unit13privateequity课后答案
Unit 13 The Business of Making Money Exercises 1. Questions on the text: 1)What are the latest developments in private equity in recent years Compared to the 1980s, the targets of today’s private equity groups are much bigger in size. In recent years, the private equity industry has raised record money and its share of mergers and acquisitions has grown massively. The industry has also become a byword for money-making skills but its wealth has also brought many enemies. 2)According to the article, what are the main inconveniences for a company to be a publicly quoted company The main inconveniences for a publicly quoted company include: its executives have to face intrusive media coverage; it has to obey strict and long corporate-governance codes; it also has to face the threats of activist investors and short sellers and the scrutiny by some politicians. 3)What are the main reasons for a company to get listed on a stockmarket Traditionally there are three main reasons to get a company’s share listed on a stockmarket. The first is to raise capital, either to expand the business or to allow the founders to realise their wealth. The second is to help retain staff, who can be offered share options as an incentive to stay and work hard. The third involves prestige; customers, suppliers and potential employees may be reassured (and attracted) by the apparent seal of approval given by a public listing. Meanwhile, being publicly listed gives a company better access to fund investors and retail investors. 4)Why are companies in the Anglo-Saxon economies reluctant to borrow from banks Companies in the Anglo-Saxon economies were reluctant to borrow from banks because their often felt nervous about the possibility of the sudden withdrawal of credit from the banks, due to a change in lending policy, new management or an economic downturn. 5)According to the article, what are the main sources for today’s companies to raise money (including equity capital and debt) Nowadays the main sources for companies to raise money are: first, equity market; second, banks, though much less important than they used to be; third, bond market; fourth, private equity. 6)How do private-equity firms respond to the problems identified by Professor Jensen with regard to public companies Professor Jensen argued that the structure of a public company creates an inherent conflict between investors and the managers they hire to run the business, particularly with regard to the use of free cash flow. He also argued
实操商务英语函电课后答案(首都经济贸易大学出版社)Unit 3
Unit 3 Inquiries and Replies Sentences Commonly Used in Inquiries and Replies (P49-50) 1.感谢贵方7月5日询盘。 2.兹复你方3月28日函，我们附上最新的带有插图的目录册，供你方参考。 3.本地对高质量的电动自行车有稳定的需求。 4.如果你方价格有竞争力，我们愿首次订购1000打。 5.请报最好的CIF上海价格，注明最早装运期。 6.由于我们打算购买……，如报最优价将不胜感激。 7.感谢贵方10月1日对我方飞利浦牌吸尘器的询盘，先附寄一套插图目录册。 8.如果能报优质绿茶CIF到墨尔本最低价，我们将不胜感激。 9.贵方若能迅速仔细地处理我方对棉布的询盘，我们将不胜感激。 10.请寄送样品并报……的最低价。 11.请就上述货物向我方报CIF西雅图最优惠价，含佣金5%。 12.一收到贵方询盘，我们即寄上样品并报最优惠的价格。 13.如告知有关价格、质量、可供数量以及其他相关资料的具体情况，将不胜感激。 14.如果你方按所需的型号和质量供货，我方可以大量订购。 15.因为我们所报价格十分合理，我们相信贵方能接受。 Exercises (P50-54) 1. Translate the following phrases (1) 对……进行询盘 (2) 无存货 (3) 具体询盘 (4) 插图目录册 (5) 与……进行贸易 (6) price list (7) irrevocable L / C (8) terms of payment (9) both excellent in quality and reasonable in price (10) CIF Hongkong 2. Choose the best answer (1) C (2) A (3) A (4) C (5) C (6) B (7) D (8) B (9) B (10) D
商务英语阅读-第二版-王艳-习题答案之-句子翻译
Chapter 1 1.这一监控体系最终将取代美国政府对古巴雪茄进口的上限。The monitoring system will finally substitute the U.S. government 's cap on cigar imports from Cuba. 2.墨西哥和美国之间的争执不会有任何作用，并可能导致北美自由贸易协定中关税解除的中 断。The quarrel between Mexico and the U.S. will be of no avail and it may disrupt the lifting of the agricultural tariffs under the North American Free Trade Agreement. 3.在召开部长级会议之前，将举行一次经济合作商业论坛，重点探讨如何减小全球经济 失衡的纠正对中国的冲击。An economic cooperation business forum, which will discuss how to minimize the negative impact of global economic imbalance adjustment on China, will take place shortly before the ministerial conference. 4.只有少数美国人将此问题归咎于这些明 显的因素，即美元贬值或经济周期。Few Americans attribute this to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the business cycle. 5.最新的科学研究揭示了这样的事实，即为减少温室气体排放所采取的必要措施会带来沉重的经济和政治成本。Recent research has shed light on the fact that there are heavy financial and political costs associated with the measures necessary to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. 6.有传言称上个月政府和这家公司的总裁秘密达成一笔交易。There are rumors that the government struck a private deal with the corporation's chairman last month. 7.反对派对美国政府施加压力，让他们改变对纺织品进口的政策。The opposition is exerting pressure on the U.S. government to change the policy towards textile imports. 8.自从签署双边自由贸易协定以来，这个新兴经济体一直处于科技的前沿。Since the establishment of the bilateral free-trade agreement, this emerging economy has always been at the forefront of science and technology. 9.一般 来说，浮动汇率应该使国家免受与贸易伙伴在通货膨胀上的持续差异的影响。In general, floating exchange rates are supposed to insulate countries from persistent differences in inflation with their trading partners. 10.据保守预测，到2010 年中国与北美和欧盟的进出口贸易堂将分別超过4000 亿美元，与10 个东盟国家的进出口贸易堂将超过2000 亿美元。According to conservative estimates, by 2010, China's import and export volume with North America and the EU would surpass $400 billion respectively, with ten ASEAN countries exceeding $200 billion. Chapter 2 1)政府出资 1 亿美元用于农村地区再生能源的开发和利用。The government has allocated $ 0.1 billion to the development and utilization of renewable energy in rural areas. 。 2)开发西部不能以破坏环境为代价，因此政府一直走经济开发建设和生态环境保护并进
国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)-期末复习
Unit 1~2 Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者 Trade surplus 贸易顺差 Quota and tariff 配额和关税 Government intervention 政府干预 Zero-sum game 零和博弈 Positive-sum game 常和博弈 The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论 The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论 Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论 Product life cycle 产品生命周期（+theory ……理论） Economies of scale 规模经济 Diminishing returns 收益递减规律 Green revolution 绿色革命 Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制 Deposit 佣金 First mover advantage 先占优势 Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒 Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论 National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势 The department of commerce 商务部 Letter of credit 信用证 Draft /bill of exchange 汇票 bill of lading B/L 提单 Sight draft 即期汇票 Time draft 远期汇票 Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑（+bill …汇票） Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Countertrade 对等贸易 Barter 易货贸易 Switch trading 转手贸易 Offset 抵消 Counter purchase 互购贸易 Compensation trade 补偿贸易 Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports（重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口） Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade （重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差） It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another （将贸易看成零和博弈，一个国家收益一个国家受损） Absolute Advantage 绝对优势 Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it 亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势 According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法，各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品，然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品 The Benefit（好处） of Absolute Advantage and Free Trade The Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势 The Consequence（结果） of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易 1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动； the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率；the Quantity of Production 产品质量。 2. To Consumer: Welfare from Free Trade自由贸易福利: low price of imports and more consumption 低价格的进口更多的消费 Comparative Advantage比较优势 Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage suggests that countries should specialize in the production of those goods they produce most efficiently and buy goods that they produce less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries that they could produce more efficiently at home李嘉图的比较优势理论认为一个国家分工生产最有效率的产品，而从别国购买自己生产效率相对较低的产品，
商务英语外贸函电课后答案整理版
?世纪商务英语---- 外贸函电(第二版) (教师用书) English Letter Writing in Foreign Trade 主编吴思乐胡秋华 大连理工大学出版社 前言 《世纪商务英语—外贸函电》是新世纪高职高专教材编委会组编的商务英语类课程规划教材之一。本书主要针对高职高专商务英语和其他涉外经贸专业的学 生..也可以作为其他层次涉外经贸专业的外经贸英语教材。同时..对正在从事或即将从事涉外经贸活动和贸易洽谈工作的广大外贸工作者来说..本书还可作为自 学参考资料。 为方便教学和自学者学习..我们编写了与之配套的练习答案..并提供了常用 表达部分的译文。 希望本书能对我们的读者有所帮助。 编者 Contents Module Unit Module 1 Fundamentals of Modern Business Letter Writing 现代商务函电写作基础 Unit 1 Basic knowledge of Business letter Writing 商务信函写作Module 2 Preparations for Negotiation 业务磋商的准备 Unit 2 Establishing Business Relations 建立业务关系 Unit 3. Making Credit Investigation 资信调查Module 3 Procedures of Business Negotiation 业务磋商的主要环节 Unit 4 Inquiry 询盘 Unit 5 Offer 发盘 Unit 6 Counter-offer 还盘Module 4 Conclusion of Business 交易的达成 Unit 7 Acceptance and Confirmation 接受与确认 Unit 8 Order and Contract 订单与合同Module 5 Negotiation of Main Trade Terms 主要交易条款的磋商 Unit 9 Payment and L/C 支付与信用证
商务英语阅读教程—英译汉
Unit 1 1. The World Bank’s key role is to improve living standards and assist developing nations through making credit and other forms of assistance available to achieve a sustainable development. 世界银行的关键作用是通过提供信贷和其他形式的援助来实现可持续发展来提高生活水平和协助发展中国家。 2. So in order to smooth out the international business cycle, and thus reduce the duration and damage of recessions, OPEC could temper oil prices and control booming or slumping economic growth. 所以为了消除国际商业周期，从而减少经济衰退的时间和损失，石油输出国组织可以调低油价，控制经济增长或萧条。 3. Its members benefit from liberalized trade gaining access to a larger demand market, new technologies, managerial techniques, raises in living standards, and employment opportunities. 其成员受益于自由贸易进入更大需求市场，新技术，管理技术，提高了生活水平和就业机会。 4. Under his influence, the organiza tion’s international secretariat was established in Paris and he was instrumental in creating the ICC International Court of Arbitration in 1923. 在他的影响下，该组织的国际秘书处在巴黎成立，他在1923年创建了国际商会国际仲裁法庭。 5. ICC’s reach—and the complexity of its work—have kept pace with the globalization of business and technology. In the 1920s ICC focused on reparations war debts. 国际商会的影响力及其工作的复杂性与商业和技术的全球化保持同步。20世纪20年代国际商会专注于赔偿战争债务。 6. A decade later, it struggled vainly through the years of depression to hold back the tide of protectionism and economic nationalism. 十年后，它徒劳地挣扎着通过几年的萧条，以遏制保护主义和经济民族主义的浪潮。