综英 Unit 课后参考答案

Unit 3

Part I Listening Task

Script for the recording:

White lies are those little lies that we tell to avoid causing embarrassment. Can we live without them? On the one hand, we don't want to hurt other people's feelings. But on the other, we don't want to lie to them. There is, however, a way out of the dilemma, as you will discover in the short talk you are about to hear.

White lies are so much a part of our everyday lives that most of us probably don't even realize when we've let one slip. But it doesn't really matter, since a white lie isn't a real lie.

Here are just a few examples:

"This place really has potential." One may say this though in his or her mind he is saying: "What a dump it is."

"That haircut really suits you," but secretly you just can't help laughing: "Ha ha ha ha ha!"

"Next Tuesday? That'd be great." Later, you may ask yourself: "Why did I open my big mouth?"

White lies allow us to keep our friends and relationships intact, and our names on the payroll.

We tell ourselves these little pork pies are necessary to spare people's feelings, but who are we trying to kid? If your best friend looks untidy in her new outfit and you let her loose on the street to be ridiculed behind her back, have you really done her a favour? Nope.

Of course, white lies can be avoided by staring into space or pretending you didn't hear the question, but so often the "if you can't say anything nice, don't say anything at all" motto doesn't work because we are expected to say something.

In these instances I usually follow my grandmother's advice: there is always a good point to be found in everything. Sometimes you might have to dig mighty hard but when you unearth it, latch on. This is how it works. "Don't you think my fiancé is gorgeous?" You answer: "He's got the best eyes (or nose)." "Do you like my new hairstyle?" You answer: "It really highlights the shape of your face."

Be careful, though, as this approach also applies in reverse. If you ask a friend if he likes your new car and he says, "It's a great colour", press the point just to check if he's playing your game.

After Listening

1.White lies are little lies that you tell in order to avoid causing embarrassment.

2.According to the speaker, white lies do not always help those you want to help, yet they don’t

do harm, either.

3.You are often caught in a dilemma: On the one hand, you wish to avoid telling white-lies by

staring into space or pretending you didn't hear the question, but on the other you can’t because you are expected to say something.

4. A way to get out of the dilemma is to find a good point in everything you are talking about.

This is how it works. "Don't you think my fiancé is gorgeous?" You answer: "He's got the

best eyes (or nose)."

Part II Reading Task

Text A

Comprehension

Content Questions

Possible answers to content questions:

1.Because everyone she’s talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant

view on what we can or cannot lie about.

2.They are social lies, peace-keeping lies, protective lies and trust-keeping lies.

3.Most people think so because they feel it is the civilized way for people to behave. Without

them, our relationships would go wrong.

4.Because he thinks that social lying is lying, that little white lies are still lies. And he feels that

telling lies is morally wrong and destroys your credibility.

5.The writer thinks that peace-keeping lies are designed to keep trouble at bay without hurting

anyone. And she tells them at times too, but still feels they’re wrong.

6.Dave holds that it is cowardly of his wife to tell peace-keeping lies. However, his wife thinks

that she is being wise to do so.

7.They tell protective lies because they’re convinced that the truth would be too damaging.

They believe it’s for the good of the person they’re lying to, not for any pers onal gain.

8.Because she thinks it quite presumptuous to claim she knows what’s best for others to know.

And we never can be sure, once we start to tell such lies, just what they’ll end up in.

9.She defines trust-keeping lies as lies that involve triangulation. People feel compelled to tell

such lies because once they’ve agreed not to betray a friend’s confidence, they can’t betray it, even if they must lie.

10.Her way is to keep herself from being told about her friend’s secrets.

11.By “Watergate lies” she refers to lies that are told to cover up serious scandals like abuse of

power by public officials, violation of the public trust, bribery and all that. She disapproves of telling Watergate lies most probably because she thinks they are immoral or illegal.

12.It’s her belief that once we’ve promised to keep a trust, we must tell lies to keep it. She also

believes that we can’t tell Watergate lies.

Text Analysis

2. Exposition.

4. By so doing she directly appeals to the reader's own judgment on the controversial subject of lying, showing that she has no intention of imposing her own opinion and encouraging the reader to think for himself.

Language Sense Enhancement

1.

(1) convinced (2) supersede

(3) personal gain (4) on the grounds that

(5) devastating (6) presumptuous

(7) playing God (8) manipulation

(9) juggle (10) roll

Vocabulary

I. 1.

1) invitation 2) eloquent

3) concede 4) contradictory

5) conceals 6) guilty

7) generalize 8) get caught in

9) for now 10) as a last resort

2.

1)Non-smoking area. J ohn’s very intolerant of people who smoke.

2)She is an interesting character, and a bit of a mystery to me.

3)Because it does not reveal their marital status.

4)We are planning on trekking through the Malaysian Rainforest.

5)He muttered something under his breath that I couldn’t understand.

6)They may need to wear protective rubber gloves and clothing.

7)The chairperson said sometimes unemployment tempted the youth into criminal activities.

8)Though she never admitted it, the look on her face when I mentioned James’ na me gave her

away.

3.

1)Throughout history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there is intelligent

life elsewhere in the universe.

2)The hill farmers' lot has never been easy and in recent years has been assailed by a series of

major crises.

3)As with most people in his family, Grey is a great talker when he's in the mood to talk.

4)Few people find it necessary to condemn white lies on the grounds that they are not real lies.

5)All the evidence of your qualifications and skills that backs up the claims you make in your

résumé should be included.

4.

1)In general, everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of

ourselves. To disregard what the world thinks of us is not only arrogant but also utterly shameless.

2)Eddie was adamant that his son should never indulge in vain wishes; he believed that it was

absurd for his son to pursue a romantic but utterly impractical career in the future.

3)Those considering an adventurous safari in Central Africa should be aware that there is an

extremely small, but nonetheless present, risk of encountering bandits on the road. Thus they should decide for themselves whether such potential risks will be personally acceptable to them and their companions.

5.

1) go around / round 2) Go for

3) went off 4) go on

5) is going on 6) go about

7) go along 8) go through

9) go by 10) go over

II. Usage

1.The manager was chatting with the chairman of the board about something that concerned the

future of their cooperation and I could tell that he was being careful with his words.

2.Tom didn't really like the food, but he was being polite and ate quite a bit.

3.He kept tapping on his teacup with his spoon because he was getting impatient waiting for

the waiter to come around.

4.By handing in papers off the Internet, students are being stupid because they run the risk of

being caught and expelled from school.

5.He was being a coward by not being truthful to himself and others.

6.Some of the nurses were very rude and told Edgar he was being a nuisance when he

complained.

7.Don't talk nonsense. I'm being serious.

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

1. Text-related

(1) go along (2) honesty

(3) straightforward (4) indulge in

(5) What about (6) dodge

(7) assert (8) absurd

(9) resort (10) juggle

2. Theme-related

(1) asserting (2) go along

(3) because (4) part

(5) Mistakes (6) exceptions

(7) end (8) resort

(9) dying (10) freedom

II. Translation

The new president of our university disapproves of the idea that we should be allowed to tell lies under certain circumstances. He believes that if people get used to telling any kind of lie, they will indulge themselves and eventually be stuck with the bad habit. To tell or not to tell a lie can sometimes become a very sticky issue, but our president insists on the notion that nobody in the world of education should dodge the responsibility of attaching primary importance to honesty while teaching the young. I agree with him. What about you?

Part III Home Reading Task

Text B

Comprehension Check

1. d

2. c

3. a

4. b

5. d

6. a

Translation

然而，许多谎言并不像上述那样尚有好处可言，但人们常常认为它们无关紧要，所以应归为无伤大雅的谎言一类。那都是些脱口而出、不假思索的谎言，或是为了摆脱窘境、甚或仅仅是为了打发时间而说的谎言。这类谎言有的出于溢美夸大，有的则相反，出于有意贬低或缩小事态；许多来自流言蜚语；而卢梭式的谎言仅仅是“为有话可说”；有的则是对本身太乏味的事实添油加醋；还有的则是因为与其为了不足道的事情费过多口舌还不如找个简短的托词了事。

.

Language Practice

1.

1) c 2) h

3) g 4) a

5) f 6) b

7) e 8) d

2.

1) in the name of 2) beneficial

3) on the spur of the moment 4) for want of

5) abounds 6) differ

7) adhere to 8) in her own right

9) make mountains out of molehills 10) on the contrary

11) momentous 12) misled