2012年考研英语一真题解析
1.2012考研政治试题毛中特相对简单
2012-1-16 9:10论坛【大中小】【我要纠错】
今年的考研政治毛中特题相对往年来说难度有所增加，但是也有一些题目是单纯的基础知识的运用，比如单项选择题第六题，考察的就是公有制的实现形式，同时在其他的题旨中也体现了与公有制本神的区分，如果有些学生能够对我国的公有制有一些了解的话，那么此题并不是什么难题，相对来说反而简单了许多。
公有制经济的性质和实现形式是两个不同层次的问题。公有制经济的性质体现在所有权的归属上，坚持公有制的性质，根本的是坚持国家和集体对生产资料的所有权。同样的所有制可以采取不同的实现形式，而不同的所有制可以采取相同的实现形式。
2.名师点评2012考研政治时事热点
2012-1-16 9:1论坛【大中小】【我要纠错】
今年考试命题过程中的特点，只有深入做题才会指导，做题发现还有很多重要的规律的东西，这样作为一种总结，也对2013年考试的同学有很大的启示，我们希望总结出规律性的东西。
通过这种总结，告诉大家2013年的时候我们考政治应该怎么复习、注意哪些问题，总结过去、展望未来。
第一个问题，今年这个考研的政治题到底有哪些特点。首先做一个整体的评价，今年考研政治体现了以下几个特点。首先比较热，就是围绕热点来出题，这是最显而易见的。除了哲学外，其他都与时政热点结合一贯的紧密，2011年的大的热点在这次试卷上都有考虑。其中，战略化运动考了一个选择题，IMF 总裁考了一个选择题，另外材料分析题就不用说了。毛中特是个税，另外一个分配制度，这是这几年非常大的热点问题。这些也都是说了好几年要考的题目，今年终于在试卷上完整呈现了。去年辛亥革命考了选择题。今年以不同的形式出现了。这一点和2010年建国60周年有一点相似，首先考孙中山未了的愿望留给了毛泽东，然后胡锦涛来发展，实际上整个模式思路是一模一样的，考的核心思路还是三民主义，民族、民权、民生，这是热点，另外前几年也考过，不回避重复性考试。
再者，思修法也是最热的热点问题，市场经济发展，诚信滑坡，也很热的问题。最后世界经济政治关系，也是我们说的大国，原来考美国，这几年连续三年考中国，以国家形象为主体。也正好验证十七届六中全会提升国家软实力。
关于中国模式、中国制造、中国创造，去年考的中国制造、中国创造，今年考中国国家形象的问题，实际上都是大的怎样提升中国国际形象，使中国走出去的东西，这是非常热的东西，今年不例外地考到，这是第一个特点，热，大的热点问题都已经反映到我们整个卷面结构中来。
3.2012考研政治史纲分析题答题技巧
2012-1-16 8:56论坛【大中小】【我要纠错】
考研政治分析题主要是考查考生在掌握理论知识的基础上，联系具体情境，分析问题和解决问题的能力。此种题型既考查考生多层次的能力，又灵活多变，因此如何答好此种主观题，是各位考生倍加关注的问题。今天，就和大家探讨史纲分析题的命题规律和答题技巧。
命题规律：迎着热难点，考查两大任务、四个历史选择
本年度史纲的热点有中国共产党成立90周年、辛亥革命100周年、太平天国革命160周年等，史纲的两大历史任务是民族独立、人民解放和国家富强、人民富裕，四大历史选择是历史为什么选择马克思主义、选择中国共产党、选择社会主义、选择改革开放。2012年考研史纲材料题选自毛泽东文集、孙中山全集，以热点辛亥革命为切入点，考查辛亥革命的缘由和中国共产党怎样继承孙中山的革命事业。
答题技巧：一点要求、二点注意、三个环节
一点要求是书写工整大方、字体清晰。
二点注意：1、分出层次，一般二至三个层次；2、层次可不分先后顺序。
三个环节：按照1、准确定位，2、理清思路，3、有效作答三部曲进行答题。如2012年考研政治第36题，首先准确定位，通过阅读材料，我们可以准确定位此题考查的是辛亥革命和中国共产党的历史；其次理清思路，本题共分两问，第一问如何理解“就算汉人为君主，也不能不革命”？(5分)，可分两个层次，一、辛亥革命前国情、历史任务、仁人志士努力及结局，二、辛亥革命的意义。第二问为什么说中国共产党人是孙中山开创的革命事业“最忠实的继承者”？(5分)，可分三个层次：一、中国共产党在成立之初，同孙中山先生领导的中国国民党携手合作；二、孙中山先生逝世后，中国共产党人继承他的遗愿，领导新民主义革命，完成第一项历史任务；三、新中国成立后，中国共产党继承和发展孙中山先生关于建设现代化国家的理想，进行的努力。大家按照此思路，使用历史术语，有效作答即可。
4.2012年的考研英语已经结束了，总体来讲，今年的试题维持了历年考题的特点，难度和去年相比持平。就各部分来说，第一部分完形填空与去年相比难度略有下降。阅读理解A部分相比去年来说，难度依旧，文章看似容易，但选项设置陷阱比较多，想得高分也不是件易事。B部分则是以7选5的形式出现；C部分翻译是今年最难的部分，文章难度比较大，但五个需要翻译的句子还是比较容易理解的，主要考查对从句结构的把握。小作文部分重考以往的题型，建议信写作难度不大。最后一部分大作文和往年一样是看图作文，主题容易把握。
第一部分：Use of English（完形填空）的文章节选自2011年6月30日New York Times（《纽约时报》）的一篇社论（Editorial），原文标题为"Ethics, Politics and the Law"（道德、政治和法律），讲的是有关政治和法律的话题。文章难度适中。对词汇量方面做了一个比较大的考查。
第二部分：Reading Comprehension（阅读理解）A部分Text 1选自2011年4月9日Time （《时代周刊》），原文标题为Herd Mentality（从众心理），作者为Annie Murphy Paul。
Text 2选自https://www.360docs.net/doc/c67732447.html, 2011年4月24日的一篇社论（Editorial），原文标题为"Vermont Yankee plant's owner must honor its own promises"（佛蒙特洋基工厂的所有者必须履行自己的承诺）。叙述的是美国佛蒙特洋基核反应堆的事情。结合了日本地震的热点事件。
Text 3节选自2011年2月1日The Scientist （《科学家》）的一篇文章，原文标题为"The Evolution of Credibility"（诚信的演变），作者是Frederick Grinnell。是选自作者的一本书（书名：Everyday Practice of Science: Where Intuition and Passion Meet Objectivity and Logic）中的内容，是作者关于自己这本书的一些介绍和阐述。
Text 4节选自The Economist（《经济学人》）2011年3月17日的一篇文章：Enemies of progress（前进的敌人），副标题是"The biggest barrier to public- sector reform are the unions"，考试的文章较原文有所修改，以符合考研文章的难度及词汇要求。本文讲的是与美国公务员改革相关的问题。
四篇文章的题材主要是人文类、教育类、社科类、经济类，题型分布相对较平均，例证题、词汇题和
态度题都有相应的分布，相比去年难度有所降低。
B部分新题型今年考的是7选5，这篇文章出自2011年7月5日的New Scientist（《新科学家》），
原文标题是"How computers can cure cultural diabetes"（电脑如何能治愈文化糖尿病），作者是Peter Lunenfeld，讲的是自从人类发明电脑之后，人们分享和交互信息的问题。今年的新题型考查的是以前已考过的备选题型：选择填空题。七年已有四年考过7选5，在第八年再次回到7选5，难度适中。
C部分翻译难度比较大，节选自Nature（《自然》）2011年4月14日的一篇文章，原文标题是"Universal truths"（普遍真理），这篇文章理论性较强。文章里提到一些晦涩难懂的术语，比如达尔文主义、经验主义、乔姆斯基和格林伯格等人的理论，论述了有关普遍真理探索方面的内容。
2012考研英语的文章其选材依然保持了题材广泛，知识性强、句子结构复杂的特点，对于备考2013
年考研的同学来说具有很大的借鉴作用，建议2013年的考生广泛阅读外文报刊杂志，多读一些专业性强的学术性文章。
第三部分：Writing（写作）今年的难度适中。A部分小作文再次考了之前考过的题型：建议信，写作难度不大。"校园生活"是一个我们非常熟悉的话题。B部分大作文和往年一样是看图作文，是关于"乐观与悲观"的话题，主题容易把握，因跑题而丢分的可能性较低。
2012年考研英语完形填空真题及答案
2012年考研英语完形填空 The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. Thecourt cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationfor beingindependent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activitymakes itless likely that the court’s de cisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part ofthe problem is thatthe justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to thecode of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court andpolitics. TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompoliti cs.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpower andhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfro mpoliticsprecisely because they are so closely _14_. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16 _isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust. Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_ tothecode of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,_20_, convincing as law. 1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize 2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless 3. [A]restored [B]weakened[C]established [D] eliminated
考研英语一翻译真题汇总
1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little， if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic，intelligence， offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say，they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists，in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population
2012年考研英语真题及答案解析
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 英语（一）试题 时间:2012年1月7日 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Y et, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust. The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law. 1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize 2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless 3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated 4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted 5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded 6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone 7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies 8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle 9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict 10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards 11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though 12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace 13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer 14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied
历年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析38
历年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析38 英译汉：考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、通顺。 2014年考研英语二翻译真题及答案解析 Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) Most people would define optimism as endlessly happ y, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and wh at doesn’t. Final ly, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter. 翻译 大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所推荐的虚假快乐。哈佛大学的Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义，意味着要处于现实之中。”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者，会尽最大努力做好一件事，而不是相信每件事都会有最好的结果。 Ben-Shahar 会进行三种乐观方面的练习。比如说，当他进行了一次糟糕的演讲，感到心情郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是人之常情。他会提醒自己：并不是每一
2020年考研英语(一)试题真题(考研英语201)
绝密☆启用前 2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 英语（一）试题及答案解析 （科目代码：201） 考生注意事项 1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位，考生姓名和考生编码，并涂写考生编号信息点。 2. 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响试卷结果的，责任由考生自负。 3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题纸指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。 4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。 5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。 （以下信息考生必须认真填写）
2020年考研英语一真题答案及解析 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. __1__ a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can __2__it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this __3__ should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure __4__ to damage our health. The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has __5__ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked __6__ high temperatures.This means that people should __7__ crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only __8__ toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? __9__ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no __10__ evidence that it causes cancer in humans. Scientists say the compound is "__11__ to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof. __12__ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is __13__ to follow the FSA advice. __14__, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a __15__. Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be __16__ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? __17__, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods __18__, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their __19__ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just __20__ with no one listening. 1. A In B Towards C On D Till 2. A match B express C satisfy D influence 3. A patience B enjoyment C surprise D concern 4. A intensified B privileged C compelled D guaranteed 5. A issued B received C ignored D canceled 6. A under B at C for D by 7. A forget B regret C finish D avoid 8. A partially B regularly C easily D initially 9. A Unless B Since C If D While 10. A secondary B external C inconclusive D negative 11. A insufficient B bound C likely D slow 12. A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to 13. A interesting B advisable C urgent D fortunate 14. A As usual B In particular C By definition D After all 15. A resemblance B combination C connection D pattern 16. A made B served C saved D used 17. A To be fair B For instance C To be brief D in general 18. A reluctantly B entirely C gradually D carefully 19. A promise B experience C campaign D competition
考研英语翻译方法(新题型)
常用翻译技巧总结 翻译题里考察三方面内容： 1、专有名词(如operational research expert)、习惯用法(如depend on)及多义词的翻译(如school、set的多义) 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择，词序调整，词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型(定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等) 其中2、3是大考点，具体内容可在论坛下XDF的翻译笔记来看，在此不赘述。 可看出，应对翻译题的主要武器是翻译技巧，下面正式进入正题(常用方法、被动语态译法、形容词译法、举例详解) 一、常用方法 二、 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练。 1增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如： (1) What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？(增译主语和谓语) (2) If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！(增译主句) (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词) (5)只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light
2012年考研英语翻译真题及答案
2012年考研英语翻译真题及答案 Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work. (1)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see. It is beco mi ng less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal. This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (2)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering
2012年考研英语真题解析
2012考研阅读真题解析 Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word. Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very we ll for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.