高级英语第二册修辞

Lesson1

1 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor

2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence ellipsis

3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-similennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet

5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees,and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor ,simile

esson1

1. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)

2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)

3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile

4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----pers onification(拟人)

5. Rcihelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people per ished. ----

6. …the Salvation Army’s canteen trucks and Red Cross volunteers and staffers were going wherever possible to distribute hot drinks, food, clothing and bedding. -----

7. The federal government shipped 4,400,000 pounds of food, moved in mobile home s, set up portable classrooms, opened offices to provide low-interest, long-term busine ss loans. ----

8. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor

9. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)

10. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped t hem. -----simile

11. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane p arty to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就

12. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile

Lesson4

Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage,and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration

Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance

United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis

…in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor

Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression

All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion,climax And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, winding

1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, ther

e is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asun der.—antithesis

2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ende

d up inside.—metaphor

3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)

4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax

递进

5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what y ou can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环

6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing a n end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism

7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliterati on

8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price , bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration

9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, ther

e is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asund er. ----antithesis对句

10. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe… ------

11. …struggling to break the bonds of mass misery…----

12. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who ar

e rich. -----antithesis

13. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition

14. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor

15. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problem s which divide us. -----antithesis

16.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor

17. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our c ountry and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----e xtended metaphor

18. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphor

With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deed s… -----parallelism

1. Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far fro m being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—-metaphor; hyperbole

2. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Su ndays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Chil dren.—metaphor

2. Cool was I and logical. ----inversion (倒装)

3. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales, as penetrati ng as a scalpel.

5. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ----metaphor or -mixed-metaphor

Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. ----

6. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. ----metonymy转喻

7. "I may do better than that," I said with a mysterious wink (眨

眼) and closed my bag and left. ----transferred epithet

8. She thought this over for a minute and decided she liked it. ----

9. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. ----metaphor

10. After all, you don't have to eat a whole cake to know it's good. ----

11. We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oa k, and she looked at me expectantly. -----allusion

12. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, ----allusion

13.I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. ----allusion

The time had come to change our relationship from academic to romantic. ----assonan ce (半)谐音

14. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis

15. What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody

"Your girl," I said, mincing no words. ----litotes (间接肯定)

16. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions… -----litotes or understatement

17. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—-metaphor or extended metaphor 18. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----synecdoche (提喻)

He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ----metaphor

19. Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. ----metaphor

20. Suddenly, a g1immer of intelligence—the first I had seen--came into her eyes. ----metaphor

21 I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in a nd all was bright. -----metaphor

22. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. -----hyperbole; metaphor

23. He's a liar. He's a cheat. He's a rat. ----climax (递进)

Look at me--a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured futur e. Look at Petey--a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who'll never know where his next me al is coming from. -----antithesis对句

Lesson5

Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor

Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole

Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolution waning.—antithesis What’s Polly to me,or me to Polly?—parody

This loomed as a project of no small dimensions,and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement

Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers still smoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor,extended metaphor

Lesson7

1. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and c haracteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen o n earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metap hor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis

2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis

2. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstr ousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet

3. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. ----hyperbole; double negatives (双否)

4. There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs t o the Greensburg yards，

and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not sha bby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives

5. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes o r understatement

6. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region , they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging build ing, wider than it was tall.-— ridicule （讽刺）

7. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitch ed roof. ----inversion (倒装)

8. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low side s they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor

9.But what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)

10. …, and so they have the most loathsome (丑陋

的) towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye (人世间). ---- hyperbole

11. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----ir ony; sarcasm

12. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of p aint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor

13. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all h ope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor

14. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—iro ny

15. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Io wa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion

16. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, ha

d devoted all th

e ingenuity o

f Hell to the makin

g of them.—hyperbole, irony

17. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony

18. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor

19. …one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away.

20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jean nette ----personification

21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor

22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile

23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon (帕特农神

庙) would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion

24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all h ope or caring. ----metaphor

25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, ha

d devoted all th

e ingenuity o

f Hell to the makin

g of them. ----hyperbole; irony

26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type o

f mind. ----synecdoche (提喻)

27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among the m, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm

28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of hor ror. ---irony

Long sentences from the text

Lesson10 1 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting‖sheik‖,and t he moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet

2 Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor

3 War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium inwhich they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor

4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitationg our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after theshooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenthcentury society.—metaphor

5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy

6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had‖made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor

7 After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and‖Puritanical‖gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their

new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche

8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor

9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where they do things better.‖—personification, metonymy ,synecdoche

1 This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English, and at the same time, below the noisy arguments, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling, not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor

2 But there are not may of these men, either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor

3 Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor

4 A further necessary demand, to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits, is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor

5 It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English. It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world, and Englishness, ailing and impoverished, in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars, francs, Deutschmarks and the rest, for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification

6 Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world, merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things. But then whilethings are important, states of mind are even more important.—metaphor

7 It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor

8 Bewildered, they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools, the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor

9 Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns, and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other et pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor

10 Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality, the latest figures of profit and loss, a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor

11 And this is true, whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymy

Lesson14

1 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmen on

2 The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet

3 So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.—synecdoche, metaphor