《应有格物致知精神》课文原文

《应有格物致知精神》课文原文应有格物致知精神

我非常荣幸地接受《瞭望》周刊授予我的“情系中华”征文特别荣誉奖。我父亲是受中国传统教育长大的，我受的教育的一部分是传统教育，一部分是西方教育。缅怀我的父亲，我写了《怀念》这篇文章。多年来，我在学校里接触到不少中国学生，因此，我想借这个机会向大家谈谈学习自然科学的中国学生应该怎样了解自然科学。

在中国传统教育里，最重要的书是“四书”。“四书”之一的《大学》里这样说：一个人教育的出发点是“格物”和“致知”。就是说，从探察物体而得到知识。用这个名词描写现代学术发展是再恰当没有了。现代学术的基础就是实地的探察，就是我们现在所谓的实验。

但是传统的中国教育并不重视真正的格物和致知。这可能是因为传统教育的目的并不是寻求新知识，而是适应一个固定的社会制度。《大学》本身就说，格物致知的目的，是使人能达到诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国的田地，从而追求儒家的最高理想——平天下。因为这样，格物致知的真正意义便被埋没了。

大家都知道明朝的大理论家王阳明，他的思想可以代表传统儒家对实验的态度。有一天王阳明要依照《大学》的指示，先从“格物”

做起。他决定要“格”院子里的竹子。于是他搬了一条凳子坐在院子里，面对着竹子硬想了七天，结果因为头痛而宣告失败。这位先生明明是把探察外界误认为探讨自己。

王阳明的观点，在当时的社会环境里是可以理解的。因为儒家传

统的看法认为天下有不变的真理，而真理是“圣人”从内心领悟的。圣人知道真理以后，就传给一般人。所以经书上的道理是可“推之于四海，传之于万世”的。这种观点，经验告诉我们，是不能适用于现在的世界的。

我是研究科学的人，所以先让我谈谈实验精神在科学上的重要性。

科学进展的历史告诉我们，新的知识只能通过实地实验而得到，不是由自我检讨或哲理的清谈就可求到的。

实验的过程不是消极的观察，而是积极的、有计划的探测。比如，我们要知道竹子的性质，就要特别栽种竹树，以研究它生长的过程，要把叶子切下来拿到显微镜下去观察，绝不是袖手旁观就可以得到知识的。

实验的过程不是毫无选择的测量，它需要有小心具体的计划。特别重要的，是要有一个适当的目标，以作为整个探索过程的向导。至于这目标怎样选定，就要靠实验者的判断力和灵感。一个成功的实验需要的是眼光、勇气和毅力。

由此我们可以了解，为什么基本知识上的突破是不常有的事情。我们也可以了解，为什么历史上学术的进展只靠很少数的人关键性的发现。

在今天，王阳明的思想还在继续地支配着一些中国读书人的头脑。因为这个文化背景，中国学生大部偏向于理论而轻视实验，偏向于抽象的思维而不愿动手。中国学生往往念功课成绩很好，考试都得

近100分，但是面临着需要主意的研究工作时，就常常不知所措了。

在这方面，我有个人的经验为证。我是受传统教育长大的。到美国大学念物理的时候，起先以为只要很“用功”，什么都遵照老师的指导，就可以一帆风顺了，但是事实并不是这样。一开始做研究便马上发现不能光靠教师，需要自己做主张、出主意。当时因为事先没有准备，不知吃了多少苦。最使我彷徨恐慌的，是当时的惟一办法——以埋头读书应付一切，对于实际的需要毫无帮助。

我觉得真正的格物致知精神，不但是在研究学术中不可缺少，而且在应付今天的世界环境中也是不可少的。在今天一般的教育里，我们需要培养实验的精神。就是说，不管研究科学，研究人文学，或者在个人行动上，我们都要保留一个怀疑求真的态度，要靠实践来发现事物的真相。现在世界和社会的环境变化得很快。世界上不同文化的交流也越来越密切。我们不能盲目地接受过去认为的真理，也不能等待“学术权威”的指示。我们要自己有判断力。在环境激变的今天，我们应该重新体会到几千年前经书里说的格物致知真正的意义。这意义有两个方面：第一，寻求真理的唯一途径是对事物客观的探索;第二，探索的过程不是消极的袖手旁观，而是有想象力的有计划的探索。希望我们这一代对于格物和致知有新的认识和思考，使得实验精神真正地变成中国文化的一部分。

附注：本文一选入人民教育出版社九年级上册语文教科书，同时还被选入语文出版社八年级下册语文教科书第13课(2019年版)等。在语文出版社中，本文开头还有“我非常荣幸地接受《瞭望》周刊

授予我“情系中华”征文特别荣誉奖。我父亲是受中国传统教育长大的，我受的教育一部分是传统教育一部分是西方教育。”这一段话，其他几处也有改动。据语文出版社中所写，本文是作者于1991年10月18日在北京人民大会堂举行的“情系中华”大会上接受特别荣誉奖时发表的演讲。

《应有格物致知精神》知识点

一、重点字词

1、给下列加点字注音。

肇zhào 嘹liào望彷徨páng huáng

2、解释下列词语。

(1) 格物致知;穷究事物的原理和法则，而总结出理性的知识。

(2) 袖手旁观：比喻置身事外或不协助别人。

(3) 不知所措：不知道怎么办才好。

(4) 一帆风顺：比喻非常顺利，毫无挫折。

3、用恰当的词语填空。

(1)“四书”之一的《大学》里这样说：一个人教育的出发点是“格物”和“致知”。

(2) 一个成功的实验需要的是眼光、勇气和毅力。

(3) 我觉得真正的格物致知精神，不但研究学术不可缺少，而且对应付今天的世界环境也是不可少的。

二、重点句子背记知识清单

1、《大学》本身就说，格物致知的目的，是使人能达到诚意、正

心、修身、齐家、治国的田地，从而追求儒家的最高理想——平天下。

2、在环境激变的今天，我们应该重新体会几于年前经书里说的格物致知的真正意义。这意义有两个方面：第一，寻求真理的惟一途径是对事物客观的探索;第二，探索应该有想像力、有计划，不能消极地袖手旁观。

3、科学发展的历史告诉我们，新的知识只能通过实地实验而得到，不是由自我检讨或哲理的清谈就可以求到的。

三、文学常识背记知识清单

1、《应有格物致知精神》的作者是丁肇中，是美国的物理学家。

2、“四书”是指《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》四部书。

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qìn yuán chūn cháng shā 沁园春?长沙——毛泽东 dú lì hán qiū ，xiāng jiāng běi qù， jú zi zhōu tóu 。独立寒秋，湘江北去，橘子洲头。 kàn wàn shān hóng biàn ， céng lín jìn rǎn ；看万山红遍，层林尽染； màn jiāng bì tòu ，bǎi gě zhēng liú。漫江碧透，百舸争流。 yīng jī cháng kōng ， yúxiáng qiǎn dǐ ，鹰击长空，鱼翔浅底， wàn lèi shuāng tiān jìng zì yóu 。万类霜天竞自由。 chàng liáo kuò，wèn cāng máng dà dì，shuí zhǔ chén fú？怅寥廓，问苍茫大地，谁主沉浮？ xié lái bǎi lǚ céng yóu ，携来百侣曾游， yìwǎng xī zhēng róng suì yuè chóu 。忆往昔峥嵘岁月稠。 qià tóng xué shào nián ，fēng huá zhèng mào ；恰同学少年，风华正茂； shūshēng yì qì，huī chìfāng qiú。书生意气，挥斥方遒。 zhǐ diǎn jiāng shān ，jī yáng wén zì，指点江山，激扬文字， fèn tǔ dāng nián wàn hù hòu 。粪土当年万户侯。 cèng jìfǒu ，dào zhōng liú jī shuǐ ， làng èfēi zhōu 曾记否，到中流击水，浪遏飞舟？

六年级上册《唯一的听众》课文内容

六年级上册《唯一的听众》课文内容用父亲和妹妹的话来说，我在音乐方面简直是一个白痴。这是他们在经受了我数次“折磨”之后下的结论。在他们听来，我拉小夜曲就像在锯床腿。这些话使我感到十分沮丧，我不敢在家里练琴了。我发现了一个练琴的好地方，楼区后面的小山上有一片树林，地上铺满了落叶。一天早晨，我蹑（niè）手蹑脚地走出家门，心里充满了神圣感，仿佛要去干一件非常伟大的事情。林子里静极了。沙沙的足音，听起来像一曲悠悠的小令。我在一棵树下站好，庄重地架起小提琴，像举行一个隆重的仪式，拉响了第一支曲子。但我很快又沮丧起来，我觉得自己似乎又把锯子带到了树林里。我感觉到背后有人，转过身时，吓了一跳：一位极瘦极瘦的老妇人静静地坐在木椅上，平静地望着我。我的脸顿时烧起来，心想，这么难听的声音一定破坏了这林中的和谐，一定破坏了这位老人正独享的幽静。我抱歉地冲老人笑了笑，准备溜走。老人叫住了我，说：“是我打扰了你吗，小伙子？不过，我每天早晨都在这儿坐一会儿。”一束阳光透过叶缝照在她的满头银丝上，“我想你一定拉得非常好，可惜我的耳朵聋了。如果不介意我在场，请继续吧。”

我指了指琴，摇了摇头。意思是说我拉不好。 “也许我会用心去感受这音乐。我能做你的听众吗，每天早晨？” 我被老人诗一般的语言打动了。我羞愧起来，同时有了几分兴奋。嘿，毕竟有人夸我了，尽管她是一个聋子。我拉了起来。以后，每天清晨，我都到小树林去练琴，面对我唯一的听众，一位耳聋的老人。她一直很平静地望着我。我停下来时，她总不忘说上一句：“真不错。我的心已经感受到了。谢谢你，小伙子。”我心里洋溢着一种从未有过的感觉。很快我就发觉自己变了。我又开始在家里练琴了。从我紧闭门窗的房间里，常常传出基本练习曲的乐声。我站得很直，两臂累得又酸又痛，汗水湿透了衬衣。以前我是坐在木椅上练琴的。同时，每天清晨，我要面对一位耳聋的老人尽心尽力地演奏；而我唯一的听众总是早早地坐在木椅上等我。有一次，她说我的琴声能给她带来快乐和幸福。我也常常忘记她是聋子，只看见老人微笑着靠在木椅上，手指悄悄打着节奏。她慈祥的眼神平静地望着我，像深深的潭水…… 我一直珍藏着这个秘密，直到有一天，我的一曲《月光》奏鸣曲让专修音乐的妹妹大吃一惊。妹妹追问我得到了哪位名师的指点。我告诉她：“是一位老太太，就住在12号楼，非常瘦，满头白发，不过——她是个聋子。”

paraphrase excercise现代大学英语第3册

Study the following sentences carefully and then paraphrase them in English: Unit One Your College Years 1.… identity is determined by genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents), shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events. (2) Who we are is determined by three things: first, our genes, or what our parents have given us, our legacy; second, environment, and third, luck or opportunities. 2.These religious, moral, and ethical values that are set during the college years often last a lifetime. (7) These values that are established during the college years often last a lifetime. It is believed that our character or basic moral principles are formulated during this period of time. 3.These are exciting times yet frustrating times. Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with. It is difficult for a college student to make a clear role of being a man or a woman in the future because they feel excited and confused about their sexual roles. They may feel happy and unhappy, without much hope for the future. 4.Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with. (5) When students are in a romantic relationship with the opposite sex, they are most likely to feel unhappy or happy emotionally. 5.It may be heightened by their choice to purse a college education. (3) If they choose to continue their education, they will face an even more serious struggle between the desire to be independent and the need to depend on the financial support of their parents. 6.While students are going through an identity crisis, they are becoming independent from their parents yet are probably still very dependent on them. This independence/dependence struggle is very much part of the later adolescence stage. They have been away from their parents and become independent, but somehow they can not be completely independent from their parents because they still need their parents to provide the money to support their life and study. Unit 3 A Dill Pickle 1.She shivered, hearing the boatman's song break out again loud and tragic, and seeing… She was very sensitive to art and music and she felt excited as the man was describing the beautiful picture. 2.… although at the time that letter nearly finished my life. I found… and I couldn't help laughing as I read it. To write such a break-up letter was very difficult for Vera. The letter reminded them of the heart-broken feeling and it finished both the man and the woman. But he trivialized the letter, and even mocked the letter, which hurt Vera deeply.

《沁园春·长沙》原文及翻译

《沁园春·长沙》原文及翻译语文网的小编给各位考生筛选整理了:《沁园春·长沙》原文，《沁园春·长沙》原文翻译，《沁园春·长沙》作者介绍，希望对大家有所帮助，更多的资讯请持续关注语文网。一、《沁园春·长沙》原文独立寒秋，湘江北去，橘子洲头。看万山红遍，层林尽染；漫江碧透，百舸争流。鹰击长空，鱼翔浅底，万类霜天竞自由。怅寥廓，问苍茫大地，谁主沉浮？携来百侣曾游，忆往昔峥嵘岁月稠。恰同学少年，风华正茂；书生意气，挥斥方遒。指点江山，激扬文字，粪土当年万户侯。曾记否，到中流击水，浪遏飞舟？二、《沁园春·长沙》作者介绍毛泽东，字润之，笔名子任。湖南湘潭人。中国人民的领袖，马克思主义者，伟大的无产阶级革命家、战略家和理论家，中国共产党、中国人民解放军和中华人民共和国的主要缔造者和领导人，诗人，书法家。1949至1976年，毛泽东担任中华人民共和国最高领导人。他对马克思列宁主义的发展、军事理论的贡献以及对共产党的理论贡献被称为毛泽东思想。因毛泽东担任过的主要职务几乎全部称为主席，所以也被人们尊称为“毛主席”。毛泽东被视为现代世界历史中最重要的人物之一，《时代》杂志也将他评为20世纪最具影响100人之一。三、《沁园春·长沙》原文翻译在深秋一个秋高气爽的日子里，我独自伫立在橘子洲头，眺望着湘江碧水缓缓北流。看万千山峰全都变成了红色，一层层树林好像染过颜色一样，江水清澈澄碧，一艘艘大船乘风破浪，争先恐后。广阔的天空里鹰在矫健有力地飞，鱼在清澈的水里轻快地游着，万物都在秋光中争着过自由自在的生活。面对着无边无际的宇宙，我要问：这苍茫大地的盛衰兴废，由谁决定主宰呢? 回想过去，我和我的同学，经常携手结伴来到这里游玩。在一起商讨国家大事，那无数不平凡的岁月至今还萦绕在我的心头。同学们正值青春年少，风华正茂；大家踌躇满志，意气奔放，正强劲有力。评论国家大事，写出这些激浊扬清的文章，把当时那些军阀官僚看得如同粪土。可曾记得，当年我们在那浪花大得可以阻止飞奔而来的船舟的激流中一起游泳？

《唯一的听众》教案.doc

《唯一的听众》教案学习目标 1、学习本课生字、新词，摘录印象深刻的句子。2、有感情地朗读课文，把握课文内容。 3、体会老教授对“我”的鼓励、给“我”带来的变化，感受人与人之间真情的美好。4、环境描写、人物心理描写的作用。教学目标1．学会6个生字。正确读写“神圣、悠悠、庄重、仪式、抱歉、溜走、介意、追问、荒唐、声望、割舍、大吃一惊”等词语。2．有感情地朗读课文。提出不懂的问题与同学讨论。抄写印象深刻的句子。3．理解课文内容，引导学生从老教授的言行与“我”的心理、行动变化两方面感受人对“我”的爱护、鼓励，以及“我”对她的敬佩、感激之情。教学重点引导学生从老教授的言行与“我”的心理、行动变化两方面感受老人对“我”的爱护、鼓励，以及“我”对她的敬佩、感激之情。教学准备：课件。教学时间：两课时教学过程：第一课时一、导入1．播放《月光奏鸣曲》。同学们，刚才你们听的这首小提琴曲美吗？大家听得多认真、多投入呀！你们，就是这首曲子的──听众（板书）可是，曲子好听琴难拉。有一位小提琴的爱好者，刚开始，他拉出的小夜曲，被人当作是锯桌腿的声音，他感到十分沮丧和灰心，但是后来，他成功了，这都是得益于他的那位──唯一的听众。板书：唯一的（理解词

语）2．齐读课题，质疑：同学们，读了课题，你最想问什么？同学们可真会提问题，老师把大家的问题归纳一下，不外乎这两个：“唯一的听众”是指谁？ “唯一的听众”她做了什么事情？二、初读课文1．那么，你有什么好办法解决这两个问题呢？（好好地读读课文）。2．下面就请同学们自读课文，要求能够读准字音，读通课文，读的时候也不要忘记想想这两个问题的答案。学生自由朗读课文3．现在这两个问题，你能解决吗？（1）“唯一的听众”是指谁？相机板书：老妇人这是一个怎样的老妇人呢？请同学们快速浏览课文，找出文中相关的句子。交流：（）的老妇人（一位极瘦极瘦的老妇人静静地坐在木椅上，平静地望着我。）（2）“唯一的听众”她做了什么事情？（父亲和妹妹说“我”在音乐方面是个白痴，使“我”十分沮丧，不敢在家中练琴。于是“我”到林中练琴，遇到一位自称耳聋的老妇人，她猜想“我”拉得很好，并愿意天天做“我”的听众。每次“我”停下练琴，她总是夸奖“真不错”。在她的鼓励下，“我”找回了自信，又回到家中练琴。最后写“我”从妹妹那儿知道了老妇人的真实身份，心灵受到震撼。后来拉小提琴成了“我”无法割舍的爱好，每次演出时总会想起这位德高望重的老人。） 4、老师还要检查一下大家对字词的预习情况白痴荒唐声望沮丧绝望懊恼神圣

现代大学英语精读1 UNIT6 The Green Banana 课文翻译

2014101018 第六单元 Translation of Text A 青香蕉 1尽管这种事情在任何地方都可能发生，但我与青香蕉的邂逅却源自于巴西腹地一条险峻的山路上。我那老式吉普车正吃力地穿过景色优美的乡村，这时，水箱突然漏水了，而离我最近的汽车修理站也还要十英里。发动机过热迫使我在临近的村庄停了下来。村里有一个小商店和分布在四处的几座房子。有村民围过来看，三股细细的热水柱从水箱外壳上的小孔喷出来。“这容易解决，”一个人说到。他让一个小男孩跑去拿些青香蕉来。这个人还拍了拍我的肩膀，安慰我问题会解决的。“青香蕉。”他笑了，其余的人都这么说着。 2我和他们闲聊起来，心里却一直在想他们用这青香蕉怎么能修补好水箱。毫无疑问，提问会暴露我的无知，因此我开始赞叹眼前美丽的乡村景色。耸立在我们周围巨大的岩石群，很像里约热内卢著名的糖面包山。“看见那边那块高高的岩石了吗？”那人指着一块特别高而且细长的黑色石柱问我，“那块岩石标志着世界的中心。” 3我看着他，想知道他是否在和我开玩笑，但他却表情严肃，反过来认真地审视着我，似乎想确定我是否领会了他那句话的深刻含义。这种情况要求我必须表现出认同。他点头说：“绝对是中心。这儿的人都知道。” 4这时，小男孩抱着青香蕉回来了。那个男子把其中一根掰成两半，将其断口处按在水箱的外壳上。香蕉遇到炙热的金属融成了胶，立刻就堵住了漏洞。面对如此情景，我惊呆了，我当时的表情一定是傻傻的，所有的人都笑了起来。他们把我的水箱装满水，又让我带上一些香蕉，以防沿途中水箱再出问题。路上，我又用了一次青香蕉，一个小时后，我开着车到达了目的地。当地的一修理工笑着问我：“谁教你用青香蕉的？”我告诉了他那个村子的名字。“他们有没有指给你看标志世界中心的那块岩石?”他问道。我告诉他，他们指给我看了。“我祖父就是那儿的人，”他说，“那的确是中心。一直以来这儿的人都知道。” 5作为美国教育的产物，除了把青香蕉当作还没长熟的水果，我从来就没注意过它。但突然在那条山路上，当我需要它时，它正巧出现了。可是仔细想一想，其实青香蕉一直在那儿存在着。时间可以追溯到香蕉的最初的起源。那个村子里的人都知道它已经很多年了，我现在也因此认识它了。我开始珍视村民们的聪明才智和青香蕉的特殊潜能。曾有一段时间，我一直困惑于教育家们提出的“领悟的瞬间”，而现在我知道自己刚刚同时经历了两个这样的瞬间。 6我又用了一些时间来领会村民们认为那块标志着世界中心的岩石的重要性。开始时我怀疑他们的说法，因为我知道实际上世界的中心是位于新英格兰的某个