专题09 简单句和并列句-备战英语中考语法专项突破+题型特训
专题9 简单句与并列句
考点一、简单句的类型及其用法
1. 基本句型一：主+谓= Ｓ+Ｖi （主＋不及物动词）
简单句 基本句型一：主+谓= Ｓ+Ｖi （主＋不及物动词） 1）S + Vi + 副词（状语）eg ：Birds sing beautifully. 2）S + Vi + 介词短语（状语）eg ：He went on holiday. 3）S + Vi + 不定式（状语）eg ：We stopped to have a rest. 4）S + Vi + 分词（状语）eg ：I'll go swimming. 基本句型二：Ｓ+ Ｖ系+ Ｐ（主＋系＋表） 1）S + V + 名词/代词 eg ：He is a boy. 2）S + V + 形容词 eg ：She is beautiful. 3）S + V +副词 eg ：Class isover. 4）S + V + 介词短语 eg ：He isin good health. 5）S + V+ 分词 eg ：He is excited. 基本句型三：Ｓ+ Ｖt + Ｏ（主＋及物＋宾） 1）S + Vt + 名词/代词 eg ：I like music. She hates him. 2）S + Vt + 不定式 eg ：I want to help him. 3）S + Vt + 疑问词+ 不定式 eg ：I don't know what to do. ★常用于这句型的动词有：ask, decide, forget, know 等。 4）S + Vt + 动名词 eg ：I enjoyliving here. ★常用于这句型的动词有：advise, enjoy, finish, mind,等。 5）S + Vt + 宾语从句 eg ：I don't think (that) he is right. ★常用于这句型的动词有：hope, know, notice, think,等。 基本句型四：Ｓ+ Ｖt + IO + DO （主＋及物＋间宾＋直宾） 1）S + Vt + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语
eg ：I sent him a book. Give me a cup of tea ,please.
2）S + Vt + 直接宾语+ to/for + 间接宾语
eg ：He sent a book to me. Show this house to Mr. Smith
[说明] ①间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：bring, give, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write 等。
②间接宾语前加for 的常用动词有：buy, get, make 等。
基本句型五：Ｓ+ Ｖt + Ｏ+ ＯＣ（主＋及物＋宾＋宾补） 1）S + Vt + 宾语+ 名词 eg ：We named our babyTom.
2）S + Vt + 宾语+ 形容词 eg ：He painted the wall white.
3）S + Vt + 宾语+ 介词短语eg ：I often find him at work . 4）S + Vt + 宾语+ 不定式 eg ：I wish you to stay. 5）S + Vt + 宾语+ 分词 eg ：I heard my namecalled （表示被动）；I feel something moving （表示进行）.
6）S + Vt + 宾语+ 疑问词+不定式 eg ：He show me how to
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。
谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如: S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓语）We │come.；The baby│cried.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点：即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
2. 基本句型二：Ｓ+ Ｖ系+ Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。表语也就是主语的补足语
This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
The dinner │smells │good.
He │is growing │tall and strong.
3. 基本句型三：Ｓ+ Ｖt + Ｏ（主＋及物＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
eg：Who │knows │the answer?
He │likes │English.
4. 基本句型四：Ｓ+ Ｖt + IO + DO（主＋及物＋间宾＋直宾）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, 它们通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。
eg: She│gave│me│a new book.
He│brought│you │a dictionary.
5. 基本句型五：Ｓ+ Ｖt + Ｏ+ ＯＣ（主＋及物＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。
考点二、并列句的类型及其用法
一、选择填空
1.I help him___ he helps me. We help each other.
A. but
B. and
C. or
D. though
2.___ he ___ I am a doctor.
A. Both; and
B. Either; nor
C. Neither; nor
D. Neither; and
3 Some of us would like to act the story ___ it isn't finished yet.
A. but
B. and
C. though
D. so
4 One more week, ___ we will finish the task.
A. or
B. so that
C. and
D. if
5 "The ground must be just right ___ too wet ___ too dry.
A. either; or
B. both; and
C. between; and
D. neither; nor
6 Sam was ill yesterday, so he________his homework.
A. didn't
B. not did
C. didn't do
D. didn't did
7 Sorry, there's only one seat left. ___ you___ she can have it.
A. neither; nor
B. Either; or
C. Both; and
D. Not; but
8 He _________coffee at all. He _________ tea.
A. doesn't like, prefers
B. likes, doesn't prefer
C. would like, not prefers
D. prefers, is not food of
9 We _________ happy about the price of meat.
A. don't
B. are not
C. won't
D. weren't being
10 I ______ trouble finding the place.
A. didn't have many
B. haven't a great deal of
C. didn't have much
D. hadn't a lot of
11 _______ of us likes the film.
A. Both
B. All
C. Neither
D. Some
12 Which sentence is right?
A. I don't think that he is not right.
B. I think he is not right.
C. I don't think that he is right.
D. I think he was not right.
13 They are ___ young ___ carry the box onto the table.
A. enough; too
B. too; to
C. so; to
D. very; to
14 They ________ lunch at home every day.
A. have not
B. didn't have
C. don't have
D. have not any
15--________ is your English teacher like? --He is tall and thin.
A. How
B. What
C. Which
D. /
16 --_________do you like the new play? --It's good and interesting.
A. How
B. Which
C. What
D. Whom
17 Pay attention please, ___ of you want to attend the party?
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. what
18 --___ did you sleep last night? --I stayed up too late to go to sleep.
A. How
B. When
C. Why
D. Where
19 It is getting dark. Our teacher_________.
A. lets us to go home
B. lets us go home
C. let us go to home
D. let we go home
20 _________ she sings!
A. What beautiful
B. How beautiful
C. What beautifully
D. How beautifully
二、用括号内所给词的适当词汇填空
1.—_______（What a/ What）friendly boy he is! —Yes. He’s always ready to help others.
2.—Your father went to the park yesterday, _______ ?（didn’t he/ doesn’t he ）? —Yes, he did.
3.—I don’t like horror films. They’re terrible. —________（Neither I do/ Neither do I）.
4. Pay attention to your manners, _______（or/ either）you’ll be laughed at.
5.—Don’t you go to school by bike? —_______（No, I do/ No, I don’t）. I walk to school every day.
6. —________（Where/ Who）is your father, Mike? —He is cooking in the kitchen.
7. —I will go fishing this weekend. —_______（So I will/ So will I）. Let’s go together.
8.—Don’t be late for school next time, ________（will you/ do you）? —No, I won’t.
9.It never rains（but / and）it pours.
10.I like tea（while / when）she likes coffee.
三、翻译下列简单句。
1.天气很冷。
2.我父亲是一个物理老师。
3.他父亲出国了。
4.他在一家大公司工作。
5.我喜欢流行音乐。
6.她知道下一步做什么。
7.他教我们化学。
8.请告诉我你的电话号码。
9.我们必须保持房间干净。
10.他喜欢看男孩们踢足球。
四、词语运用
根据汉语的提示，从方框中选择适当的词填空，使句子通顺、意思完整。
1.He helps me______and I help him. 他帮我，我帮他。
2.He ______not only gave us a lot of advice, ______but also helped us to study English. 他不仅给我们出很多建议并且还帮助我学英语。
3.I was just leaving ______ the telephone rang. 我正要离开，电话铃响了。
4.Hurry up, ______ you’ll be late.快点，否则就会迟到了。
5.Will he still be there ______ will he have gone away?他那时还在那里还是可能已经走了？
6.You must go early, ______ you will miss the bus.你好得早点走，否则就赶不上公共汽车了。
7.______ Tom is coming ______ his sisters are.不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。
8.She said she would be late, ______ she arrived on time.她说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了。
9.She looks very young, ______ she is already in her 30’s.她看上去很年轻, 可是她已三十多岁了。
10.He is good-natured; ______ I don''t like him.他脾气很好, 可是我还是不喜欢他。
11.The book is expensive; ______, it''s worth it.这本书很贵；却很值。
12. ______ she felt ill, she still went to work.她虽然感觉不舒服，但她仍然去上班。
13.I am thirsty, ______ it is hot. 我口渴，因为天气太热。
14.The manager was ill ______ I went in her place. 经理病了所以我代她去。
15. Neither______ has he changed his mind, nor______ will he do so. 他既没有改变主意，也不打算这样做。
五、词语运用
阅读短文，用but；for；so；and填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。
Last week I went to the theatre___1___I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting ___2___ I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me ___3___they were talking loudly. I got very angry, ___4___I could not hear the actors,___5___ I turned round and looked at the man and the woman angrily, ___6___ they did not pay attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned around again. "I can’t hear a word. I said angrily. "It’s none of your business, the young man said rudely. "This is a private conversation!
六、完形填空
Many people keeps small fish ___1___ pet. They keep them in a tank ___2___ a lot of water and small plants in it. The tank is made of glass so that people can see inside the tank __3__ watchthe fish. The fish need room. They mustn't be crowded. They need oxygen to breathe.
___4___ must be enough water for all fish. ___5___the size of the tank is very important. In the tank people put small plants which are good for fish. They give oxygen to the water. Plants help the fish in other ways, too. They can hide among the plants, sleep ___6___ lay eggs there.
The fish ___7___be kept in water all the time. So the tank should be covered ___8___ the fish will iump out. The fish need food and should be fed every day. ___9___ if you give them too much food, it is very bad, ___10___the extra food willl fall to the bottom and make the water dirty. So the fish should get just enough food and finish it in ten minutes.
Nothing should be left.
1.A. for B. as C. because D. because of
2. A. with B within C. without D. having
3. A.but B and C. so D. or
4. A.Here B. There C. That D. This
5. A. So B. yet C. but D. still
6. A. and B.for C. when D.or (else)
7.A.may B. should C. can D. could
8.A otherwise B. or C.yet D. A and B
9.A. But B. Though C. however D. although
10. A. for B.so C. enriched D enriching
参考答案：
一、1—5 BCCCD 6---10 CBABC 11---15 CCBCB 16---20 ABCBD
二、1. What a 2. didn’t he 3. Neither do I 4.or 5. No, I don’t 6. Where 7. can he 8. So will I
9. but 10. while
三、The weather is very cold．
My father is a physics teacher．
His father has gone abroad．
He works in a big company．
I like popular music．
She knows what to do next．
He teaches us chemistry．
Please tell me your telephone number．
We must keep the room clean．
He likes to watch the boys playing football．
四、1.and 2.not only…but also 3.when 4.or (else) 5.or 6.otherwise 7.either…o r 8.yet 9.but
10.still 11.however 12.although 13.for 14.so 15. N either…nor
五、1.and 2.but 3.and 4.for 5.so 6.but
六、1—5BABBA 6—10ABDAA
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III. 名词的所有格： 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of 加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s 2. ’s
3. of所有格的用法： 用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 二．冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. That boy is rather a Lei Feng. II.
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