2016年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍 专题01 名词
【高频考点解读】
名词是高考每年必考的语法项目。近三年的考查要点主要集中在名词辨析上，特别是抽象名词的辨析。不仅是单项填空，而且完形填空中也大量出现。其他常考的语法点还有：①抽象名词具体化；②专有名词普通化；③与冠词的连用；④固定搭配。
【热点题型】
题型一 抽象名词具体化
例1、It’s a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.
上海世博会给人们带来了快乐，欣赏世博会是一种美好的感受。
His new book was a great success.
他的新书获得了巨大成功。
【提分秘籍】
1．抽象名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。
(1)difficulty 困难；a difficulty 一件难事
(2)experience 经验；an experience 一次经历
(3)failure 失败；a failure 一位失败者，一件失败的事
(4)knowledge 知识；a good knowledge 丰富的知识
(5)success 成功；a success 一位成功者，一件成功的事
(6)surprise 惊奇；a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事
(7)honour 荣誉；an honour 一位/件带来荣誉的人或事
2.有些物质名词可转化为可数名词
—Would you like some coffee?
—I would like a coffee and two beers.
——你想喝点咖啡吗？
——我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。
【举一反三】
例2、Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
A．the；the B．a；a
C．a；/ D．/；a
【解析】选B。本题考查冠词及抽象名词具体化。句意：在那些艰苦的岁月里，能买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人安慰的事。本题考生很容易误选C项,认为comfort“安慰”是不可数名词，其实此处为抽象名词的具体化，a comfort意为“令人感到安慰的一个人或一件事”；a drink意为“一杯饮料”，故B项正确。
【易错剖析】考试容易误选C或D，只记住了drink和comfort是不可数名词，没有掌握抽象名词具体化成了可数名词，物质名词表份数也可数。
题型二名词词义辨析
例3.Practising Chinese kung fu cannot only build up one’s strength，but also develop one’s character.
练习中国功夫不但能使一个人强身健体,而且能培养其性格。
例4.—You are always full of energy.Can you tell me the secret?
—Taking plenty of exercise every day.
——你总是精力充沛，你能告诉我秘诀吗？
——每天足够的锻炼。
【提分秘籍】
1．view，sight，scene
(1)view(从某角度看到的)景色，风景，自然美景。
(2)sight情景，景象，看见的事物。
(3)scene景象，风光，事故现场，场面。
From the top of Mount Tai，you can get a wonderful view of sunrise.
从泰山顶上你可以看到特别美丽的日出景色。
Seeing the scene of children playing happily in the park，I’m full of confidence of our country.
看到孩子们在公园里高兴玩耍的场面，我对我们国家(的未来)充满了信心。
2．power，strength，force，energy
(1)power主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还可以指职权或政权。
(2)strength指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”；说物时，指“强度”。
(3)force主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。
(4)energy主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。
It’s not within my power to help you.
我是爱莫能助啊。
3．state，position，condition，situation
(1)state状态，样子，情况，形势。
(2)position位置，职位。
(3)condition条件，境况。
(4)situation形势，状况，局面。
4．mark，sign，signal，symbol
(1)mark标志，标记。
(2)sign记号，标记，迹象。
(3)signal信号。
(4)symbol象征，符号。
In our class，when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book，it was a signal for everyone to stand up.
在课堂上，铃声响起，老师合上书就是我们起立的信号。
In communication，a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude.(2011·高考重庆卷)
在交流方面，微笑通常是友好坦诚态度的明显标志。
5．award，reward
二者既可作名词也可作动词。award作名词时,意为“奖品”、“奖金”，作动词时，常用于award sb. sth.或award sth.to sb.结构;reward作名词时,意为“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”,作动词时，常用于reward sb.for sth.结构。
The film awards are presented annually.
电影奖每年颁发一次。
A reward was offered for the return of the passport.
为找回护照(他)提供了一笔酬金。
How can I reward you for your help?
我怎样才能报答你的帮助？
They awarded scholarship to the best students.
他们把奖学金授予最优秀的学生。
【举一反三】
例5、From their position on the top of the TV Tower，visitors can have a better view of the city.
从他们在电视塔顶的位置,游客们可以更好地看到这个城市。
School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.
学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。
He was in a poor state of health.
他的健康状况不佳。
例6、Working hard is not a ________ of great success，but it is among the essential requirements.
A．sign B．signal
C．guarantee D．mark
【易错剖析】本题容易选成mark“标志”，原因是审题时忽略了后面不设空的一句：but it is among the essential requirements，它只是成功的必要条件之一。
【高考风向标】
【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out
the secret task.
A. emotion
B. talent
C. identity
D. treasure
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。
【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.
A. thought
B. support
C. protection
D. authority
【答案】A
【解析】句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。
【2015·江苏】35.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .
A. requests
B. excuses
C. apologies
D. regrets
【答案】C
【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments
B. adjustments
C. comments
D. achievements
【答案】B
【解析】句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。
【2015·福建】24.The failure was a big__________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
A. blow
B. issue
C. excuse
D. Factor
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素。该句意思为：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A 【2015·浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about
feeling with someone you trust.
A. production
B. stress
C. energy
D. passive
【答案】B
【解析】句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。A. production意为产品，B. stress意为压力，C. energy意为能源，D. passive意为力量。此
题考查的是4个名词的词义辨析，需要正确理解该句的语义。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈
心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B. stress意为压力。
1.（2014湖北卷）2
2. When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,”
Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected ______.
A. command
B. comparison
C. compliment
D.
contribution
【答案】C
【解析】本题考察名词词义辨析。A命令，指挥；B比较；C恭维，赞美，敬意；贺词；
D贡献，捐助，捐赠；敬意：当Richard说：现在的你更令人愉快更漂亮。由于这个没有预
料到恭维的Joan的脸变红了。根据引号里的“You are much more agreeable and prettier now,”
可知这是Rechard对Joan的赞美。根据句意说明C正确。
2.（2014江苏卷）27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful
in last
year's election.
A. symbol
B. portrait
C. identity
D. statue
【答案】A
3.（2014天津卷）3.Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.
A. source
B. sense
C. result
D. root
【答案】A
【解析】本题考察的是名词词义辨析。Source根源，来源，源头；sense感觉，知觉；
result结果；root根，根源；原因，本质；祖先；句义：风力是现在世界上增长速度最快的
电力来源。根据句义可知souce of power指电力来源。故A正确。
4.（2014浙江卷）6. We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.
A. attempts
B. requests
C. doubts
D. promises
【答案】B
【解析】名词attempt尝试；企图；request请求；doubt怀疑；promise诺言；我们更喜欢同意那些我们了解和喜欢的人的请求。根据句意说明B项request与上下文语境相符。故B正确。
1.（2013·浙江）4.As the world’s population continues to grow, the ___of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A.worth
B. supply
C. package
D. list
【答案】B
【解析】句意：由于世界人口的不断增长，粮食的供应越来越成为大家关注的焦点。A 价值，B供应，供给C包裹，包装Ｄ名单，条目
2.（2013·浙江）2.Mary worked here as a ____ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.
A.pessimistic
B. temporary
C. previous
D. cautious
【答案】B
【解析】句意：玛丽以前是个临时的秘书在这里工作，但最终成为这个公司的正式人员。根据full-time 可知应选B。A 悲观的B 临时的，暂时的 C 以前的D小心谨慎的
3.（2013·福建卷)22. _____ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A. Known
B. Having known
C. Knowing
D. Being known
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词做主语：分析句子成分，可知谓语是will help，所以前面的是主语，用动名词做主语。句意：了解基本的急救知识可以让你尽快的回应紧急状况。所以选C。
4.（2013·湖北卷)21. Poetry written from the ______ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
A. perspective
B. priority
C. participation
D. privilege
【答案】A
【解析】句意：透视城市青年的诗倾向于揭示他们的焦虑在于缺乏归属感。perspective“透视”；priority“ 优先，优先权”；participation“参加，参与”；privilege“特权，优惠”。
5.（2013·辽宁卷)23.The accident caused some _____ to my car,but it ’s nothing serious.
A.harm
B.injury
C.ruin
D.damage
【答案】D.
【高考押题】
1.People all believe that ________ to free trade destroy wealth, benefiting no one in the long run.
A．administrations B．attempts
C．progress D．barriers
答案：D。考查名词辨析。句意：人们都认为从长远的观点来看设置自由贸易的障碍破坏财富，对任何人都没有益处。barrier“障碍，阻碍进步或控制活动的事物”。adm inistration“公共事务的管理，经营，行政”；attempt“尝试，企图”；progress“进步，前进，发展”。易错选A。认为语境是“对自由贸易的管理会破坏财富”而误选。
2．Many companies in Guangdong are facing a serious labor ________ following the Rabbit Year's Spring Festival.
A．lack B．shortage
C．absence D．storage
答案：B。考查名词短语。句意：在兔年春节之后，广东的很多公司面临着严重的用工荒。labor shortage“劳动力短缺”；lack也有“不足”之意，但用于lack of sth.结构，故被排除；absence “不在，缺席”；storage“(货物等的)贮存，贮藏”。易错选A。因对名词构成的短语掌握不到位引起的误选。
3．________ have an internal clock that controls the beating of our heart, and the ________ of our breathing.
A．Human being; steps B．Humans; pace
C．Human beings; steps D．Man; pace
答案：B。考查名词。句意：人类体内有个生物钟，它控制我们的心跳和呼吸的节奏。因为谓语是have，所以排除A和D；humans＝human being(s)，但step的含义是脚步，步伐，措施，故排除C。易错选D。man可以作“人类”讲，但谓语需用单数形式。
4．—Would you do me a favor to choose a wedding dress?
—Of course, but it is a matter of personal ________.
A．concern B．sense
C．style D．taste
答案：D。考查名词辨析。句意：——你能不能帮我选一套结婚礼服？——当然可以，不过这是一件涉及个人爱好的事。taste“品味，爱好，嗜好”，符合语境和英语表达习惯。concern“关心，忧虑”；sense“感觉，感觉官能，意识”；style“风格，作风，格调”。易错选B、C。没有准确理解sense“感觉，感觉官能，意识”的意思和用法(如 a sense of humour/direction/justice)而误选B；易受汉语思维的影响认为style有“风格，作风”的意思而误选C。
5．Computer power now allows automatic searches of fingerprint files to match a print at a crime ________.
A．field B．scene
C．location D．occasion
答案：B。考查名词辨析。句意：现在的电脑具备自动搜索指纹档案以对比犯罪现场指纹的功能。scene“现场，场面，情景，景色”。field“田野，运动场”；location“位置，场所，所在地”；occasion“场合，时刻，重大活动”。易错选D。at a crime scene在一个犯罪现场。而D强调场合，概念错误。
6．These overseas students who are studying in our college show great ________ for learning a new language.
A．enthusiasm B．authority
C．symptom D．recreation
答案：A。考查名词辨析。句意：在我们大学学习的这些海外学生对学习一门新的语言表现出很大的热情。enthusiasm“热心，热情，热忱”。authority“权，权力，职权”；symptom“症状，征候”；recreation“消遣，娱乐，游戏”。易错选D。show enthusiasm for/about对……显示热情。D概念错误。
7．At the APEC Summit held in Yokohama, Japan, Asia-Pacific leaders addressed ________ over global growth, regional economic development and emerging markets.
A．concerns B．careers
C．adaption D．recognition
8．The ________ on driving after drinking alcohol is being carried out all over the country, which is helpful to reduce traffic accidents.
A．withdrawal B．prejudice
C．aim D．ban
答案：D。考查名词辨析。句意：酒后禁驾的法令正在全国实施执行，这有助于减少交通事故。ban“禁令”。withdrawal“撤退，退回，取消”；prejudice“偏见，成见”；aim“目标，目的”。易错选C。没有意识到carry out不能和aim搭配而造成误选。
9．We bought the house for its ________. It is very near the shop where I work.
A．character B．value
C．convenience D．construction
答案：C。考查名词。句意：我们购买这座房子是因为它的便利，它离我工作的商店很近。由“It is very near the shop where I work.”可知convenience“便利”符合题意。
10．Being able to speak another language fluently could be a great ________ when you're looking for a job.
A．advantage B．chance
C．assistance D．importance
答案：A。考查名词辨析。句意：能流利地说另外一门语言在你找工作的时候可能是一种很大的优势。advantage“优势，优点，有利条件”；chance“机会，可能性”；assistance“协助，补助，援助”；importance“重要，重要性，重大，重要的地位”。易错选B、C。认为语境“……是一种机会或是一种很大的帮助”而误选B、C。
11．Considering the severe fact of global warming, the top ________ of all nations is to reduce CO2 emission and increase use of renewable energy.
A．priority B．impact
C．issue D．event
答案：A。考查名词辨析。句意：考虑到全球变暖的严峻事实，各国首先要做的事是减少二氧化碳的排放和增加对可再生能源的利用。pr iority“优先权，优先，优先顺序”。impact“影
响，冲击力，撞击”；issue“发行，后果，问题”；event“事件，结果”。易错选D。没有准确理解语境为“优先考虑的，放在首位的”，认为语境是头等“大事”而误选event。
12．According to our principal, all children should be encouraged to realize their full ________.
A．consequence B．entertainment
C．presentation D．potential
13．We should look up to him as a shining example of ________ to duty.
A．devotion B．privilege
C．responsibility D．burden
答案：A。考查名词辨析。句意：我们应该尊他为尽职尽责的光辉典范。devotion“热爱，投入”。privilege“特权”；responsibility“责任，职责”；burden “重负，重担”。易错选C。没有准确理解语境，没有注意到responsibility和duty意思重叠。
14．—Don't be so naughty！Be your________.
—Got it.
A．manners B．age
C．behavior D．politeness
答案：B。考查名词。句意：——不要那么淘气！要像个大人样。——知道了。be your age不要孩子气；你要像个大人样。本词组和Don't be so naughty！(不要那么淘气！)相一致，故选B。其他都构不成词组。易错选C。be your age是固定词组，而behavior没有这种搭配，故排除。
15．Fortunately, rescuers were able to gain ________ to the disaster-hit area soon enough.
A．access B．track
C．means D．passage
答案：A。考查名词辨析。句意：幸运的是，营救者终于能够想方设法以足够快的速度到达灾区。access“接近，进入，接近的机会，进入的权力，通道，入口，门路”。gain access
to“有(机会、手段、权力)得到，接近，进入”为固定搭配。track“行踪，足迹，轨道，小径/道”；means“手段，方法，工具”；passage“通道，通路”。
16．The new system has been designed to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library.
A．access B．passage
C．way D．approach
答案：A。考查名词辨析。句意：已经设计好的最新的系统可以使学生们更快更容易地获取图书馆里的数码资源。access“接近，进入，接近的机会，进入的权利，使用”。passage“通路，通道，走廊，段落”；way“路，路线，方法，方式”；approach“方法，方式”。尽管四个选项都可以和介词to构成搭配，意思上也都可以说得通，但只有access最能达意。故选A。
17．Where is your house? Is there any ________ in the neighbourhood?
A．identity B．access
C．milestone D．landmark
18．My morning ________ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.
A．drill B．approach
C．regulation D．routine
答案：D。考查名词辨析。句意：我早晨的常规活动包括在公园里慢跑和在吃早餐时读报。routine“固定而有规则性的程序，例行公事，日常事务，常规”。drill“军事训练，操练”；approach“方法，手段，通路，道路，接近”；regulation“规章，条例，规则，规定，管理”。易错选A。没有意识到drill指军事训练或有目的的操练而误选。
19．In an interview with CNN, Premier Wen Jiabao emphasized that our government should let everyone live a happy life with ________ and a sense of security.
A．evidence B．privilege
C．assessment D．dignity
答案：D。考查名词辨析。句意：在一次CNN的采访中，温家宝总理强调说我们的政
府应该保证让每一个人过上有尊严的、有安全感的幸福生活。dignity“尊严”。evidence“证据，迹象”；privilege“特权，基本人权”；assessment“估价，评价，估计”。
20．Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big ________，but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
A．project B．commitment
C．competition D．ambition
答案：B。本题考查名词辨析。句意：放弃工作再回到全日制教育中去是一个很大的挑战，但是现在看来，那是我做出的最好的决定。project“工程”；commitment“重担，义务”；competition“竞争”；ambition “野心”。根据语境来看，一项不容易去做的事情常被看作是挑战，难以完成的任务或重担。
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解B篇--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)
III. Reading Comprehension Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. B Kettlebells do not hurt people. People do. A kettlebell will get your respect – the easy way or the hard way. Here is the easy way. 1. Get a medical clearance. Get clearance, especially from an orthopedist and a cardiologist. The latter is no joking matter, since kettlebell training can be extremely intense. 2. Always be aware of your surroundings. Find a training area with a non-slippery surface on which you are not afraid to drop a kettlebell. The area must be clear of objects you might trip over – including other kettlebells – or that you might hit with a kettlebell. There should be no people or animals in a radius where you could injure them. 3. Train barefoot or wear shoes with a flat, thin sole and room for the toes to spread. Training barefoot is superior for health and performance reasons. If you must wear shoes, wear Converse Chuck Taylors, Vibram Five Fingers, or similar shoes that have thin soles and do not pinch the toes together. You have sensory receptors on the bottoms of your feet that make you stronger and improve balance and coordination. Wearing traditional shoes diminishes the ability of these receptors to work properly, and therefore inhibits performance and can increase the risk of injury. Go native. 4. Never contest for space with a kettlebell. Do not try to save a rep that has gone wrong. Guide the kettlebell to fall harmlessly, and move out of the way if necessary. And remember, quick feet are happy feet. 5. Practice all safety measures at all times. Respect every kettlebell, even the lightest one. Always use perfect form picking up and setting down a kettlebell. The set is not over until the bell is safely parked.
高考英语专题一名词
考点一名词 名 词 一、可数名词单数变复数的规则 1.规则变化 规则例词 一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s book—books cap—caps tree—trees 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes
2.不规则变化
注意:1.fish的“数” ?
2.penny的复数形式 ? 2 pennies ? 2 pence 3.hair的“数” ? ?
4.people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时其复数形 式为peoples。 one person一个人two people两个人 a people一个民族two peoples两个民族 二、名词所有格 1. 加-'s词尾的规则 2.用法 （1）用于表来人或其他有生命的名词。表示所有关系类别用途、目的或起源。Is this Mr. Black's ofie? 这是布莱克先生的办公室吗? I took over my father's company last year.我是去年接管我父亲的公司的。children's bookstore儿童书店 (2)用于表示时间距离、价格等的名词。 Have you read today's newspaper?你读今天的报纸了吗? We're going to have a six weeks' summer vacation.我们将有一-个为期六个星期的暑假。
It's only half an hour's drive from here to the nearesthospital. 从这里到最近的医院开车仅有半小时的路程。 I bought 100 dollars' worth of books.我买了100美元的书。 (3)表示国家、城市、天体等的名词常用- 's结构。 China's industry 中国的工业 the ciy' enironment这座城市的环境the earth's suface地球的表面 (4)用以构成不同的节日。 April Fo's Day愚人节Children'sDay儿童节 Mothe's Day母亲节Teaches Day教师节 (5)用来表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。 at the barber's (shop)在理发店at Dick's (home)在迪克家 at the Whites' ( home )在怀特家里at the doctor's ( ffice)在医院at the tailor's ( shop)在裁缝店 (6)-'s用于学位中。 a Bachelor's degree学土学位 a master's degree硕士学位 a doctor's degree博士学位 (7)有时为了避免重复，可以单独使用-'s所有格，在句中相当于名词My views are quite different from my father's.我的观点与我父亲的非常不同。 My camera is the same as Ron's.我的照相机和罗恩的一样。 (8)由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变为所有格形式;如果是各自所有，则每个名词都要变成所有格 Jonh and Mary’s school Jonh’s and Mary’s schools (9)不定代词后加else,在else后加“-'s” somebody else's possessions 3.of所有格
2016年高考文数热点题型和提分秘籍专题01集合概要
【高频考点解读】 1.了解集合的含义，体会元素与集合的从属关系；能用自然语言、图形语言、集合语言(列举法或描述法)描述不同的具体问题． 2.理解集合之间包含与相等的含义，能识别给定集合的子集；在具体情境中，了解全集与空集的含义． 3.理解两个集合的并集与交集的含义，会求两个简单集合的并集与交集；理解在给定集合中一个子集的补集的含义，会求给定子集的补集；能使用韦恩(Venn)图表达集合间的基本关系及集合的基本运算． 【热点题型】 题型一集合的基本概念 例1、已知集合A＝{x|x2－3x－10≤0}，B＝{x|m＋1≤x≤2m－1}，若B?A，求实数m 的取值范围． 【提分秘籍】 (1)判断两集合的关系常有两种方法：一是化简集合，从表达式中寻找两集合间的关系；二是用列举法表示各集合，从元素中寻找关系． (2)已知两集合间的关系求参数时，关键是将两集合间的关系转化为元素间的关系，进而转化为参数满足的关系．解决这类问题常常需要合理利用数轴、Venn图帮助分析．【举一反三】 设全集U＝R，集合M＝{x|x>1}，P＝{x|x2>1}，则下列关系中正确的是( ) A．M＝P B．P ?M
C．M ?P D．(?U M)∩P＝? 解析：对集合P：由x2>1，知x>1或x<－1，借助数轴，故M ?P，选C. 答案：C 题型二集合的基本运算( 例2、(1)(设集合A＝{x|x2－2x<0}，B＝{x|1≤x≤4}，则A∩B＝( ) A．(0,2] B．(1,2) C．[1,2) D．(1,4) (2)设集合M＝{x|x≥0，x∈R}，N＝{x|x2<1，x∈R}，则M∩N＝( ) A．[0,1] B．(0,1) C．(0,1] D．[0,1) 解析(1)由已知可得A＝{x|0 阅读理解 专题一广告信息类 2018年 Passage 1 2018全国卷Ⅰ，6分话题：骑自行车在华盛顿特区观光词数：274 Washington,D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability —and the cherry blossoms — disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 1. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 2. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 3. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. 上海高考英语题型+阅读分析 ————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期： Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) My Stay in New York After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local caféas a waiter. I believed that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once. Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected. Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. 主旨大意：本文主要讲述主人公毕业后的一段生活经历，主人公觉得在大城市的打拼并不尽如人意，还是小镇生活比较适合自己。 25. where. 本题考察定语从句，先行词为New York。 26. To earn. 本题考察非谓语，考察点是动词不定式表目的，在咖啡馆做侍应生的目的是赚钱。 27. as soon as/ as long as. 本题考察状语从句。考察点是时间状语从句“一旦……”，本题设3个空格，也是一种提示。 28. exhausted. 本题考察非谓语，考察点是分词做形容词使用。句子不缺动词，做给动词只能做非谓语，exhausted主语是人，所以用-ed。 29. if. 本题考察状语从句。考察点是条件状语从句，分析句意可知有“如果”的意思。 30. what. 本题考察主语从句。考察点是what做宾语。 31. adapting. 本题考察非谓语。考察点是非谓语做宾补。固定搭配have difficulty doing sth。 32. did. 本题考察倒装句。Not until放句首，部分倒装“助动词+主语+动词”。 .高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·名词考点规律分析：短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。此外，还常考名词的所有格、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。语法填空主要考查名词的单复数以及名词与其他词类之间的转换。 名词单句改错之真题训练： 1. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. 2.We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. 3.There are branch library in many villages. 4.I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. 5.Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family. 6. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. 7. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. 8. …and often watch football match on TV together. 9.Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! 10. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. 11. I used to love science class — all of them— biology, chemistry, geography, physics. 12. They did not want me to do any work at family. 13. …so that I’ll get good mar ks in all my subject. 14.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. 15. No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. 16. Their word were a great encouragement to me. 17. You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.” 18. …but after class we become stranger at once. 19. You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. 20. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby… 21. She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when… 22. Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. 23..The airs we breathe is getting dirtier and dirtier. 名词单句改错之模拟训练： 1. Women live longer than men in most country. 2. The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time. 3. It’s said that all the ticket have been sold out. 4. The children spend a lot of times watching TV. 5. I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday. 6. The flower in the park were all pleasing. 7. As the day went by, she became less anxious. 8. Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country. 9. It’s one of the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. 10. He made his first time visit to China when he was 18. 11.Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear. 12. He hasn’t lived here long, but he has a great many friend here. 13. I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there. 14. He’s getting marr ied next month and decides to buy some furnitures. 15. There’s a paper’s factory near our school. 名词单句改错之提升训练： A级 1. From then on, we became good friend and often played together. 2. Both Marx and Engels were Germen. 3.Did you take their advices yesterday? 4. Most of them are woman doctors. 5.We can have funs at the seaside this weekend. 6. There are four baskets of apple in that room. 7. This computer cost me eight thousands yuan. 8. Tom looks happy today. He’s got many good news from here. 9. This hat of my father is rather old. 10.He made many mistake in the exam because of carelessness. 【高频考点解读】 在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。 【热点题型】 题型一it的用法 例1、No matter where he is, he makes ________a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. A．him B．this C．that D．it 【易错剖析】考生可能会受汉语的误导“他无论走到哪里都会把这/那当成一个规则：早饭前散散步”误选B或C，而忽略this/that不可作形式宾语。 【提分秘籍】 1．指代时间、距离、自然现象等。 It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital. (指距离)这儿离最近的医院有6英里。 It is very cold in the room.(指温度)房间里很冷。 2．指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。 The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.(指双方都明白的事情) 帕克一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作需要去做。 3．it作先行代词代替不定式、v.ing形式、名词性从句，作形式主语或形式宾语。 He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held. 2011年高考英语阅读七选五专项训练（10题）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 专项练习一 For over one hundred and fifty years, Americans of all social classes have worn blue jeans．1 Whether they are worn for work or for fashion today．Strauss' invention continues to be popular not only among Americans but also among people around the world．Levi Strauss was born in Germany in 1829． 2 He grew up in Kentucky before moving to New York in 1847．Before becoming an American citizen and moving to the West in 1853, Strauss worked in his brother's dry goods business．This gave him a chance to produce his famous invention．After the gold rush of 1849, Strauss decided to move to the West to seek his fortunes．Strauss did not want to be a person who searched an area for minerals．Instead, he knew he could make a good living by selling supplies to the miners．At first, he planned to sell sewing supplies and cloth． 3 When he heard miners complaining that their clothes were easily broken or they usually tore their pockets during mining, he decided to use a special fabric to make pants for the miners．These pants proved so popular that he quickly ran out of materials to make more． In 1873, Strauss received a letter from a Jewish tailor named Jacob Davis who had invented a process of connecting pockets with copper rivets（铆钉）．This made the pants last a long time．Because Davis did not have the money to patent his idea, he offered to share it with Strauss if Strauss would agree to pay for the patent． 4 ． By the time Strauss died in 1902, he had made a great contribution to American fashion． 5 The business has been growing ever since and Levi Strauss' company is now one of the largest clothing companies in the world． A．As a young boy, he moved with his family to the United States． ！ B．Nobody knew what kind of material was suitable． C．He did and Levi jeans have been made with metal rivets ever since． D．However, he did not get much business for those products． E．He also made a great contribution to America's clothing industry． F．Since they were invented by Levi Strauss, they have become a symbol of American consumer culture． G．As the business grew, Strauss got much money from it． 高考英语新题型语法填空的考查分析及应考策略陕西省英语试题从2016年开始使用全国II卷，新增了听力，语法填空和七选五阅读。其中语法填空是同学们认为比较难的一个题，但同时也是这三个新题型里最容易提分的一个题，所以本人就此题的考查特点及应考策略谈谈自己的看法。 语法填空的考查目的和要求： 语法填空考查考生的语言基本功和在具体的语境下准确运用语言的能力。要求考生挖掘语境信息，运用逻辑语义、语篇衔接等手段，辨析各题、各个选项在语义、语用价值上的差异。其创新的意义在于体现“突出语篇、强调应用、注重实际”的精神。体现了语言测试的交际性原则，体现了高中课程改革的教学理念，与课程标准所提出的英语课程性质相吻合。 语法填空的核心是语言基本功，所以要求关注基础。教师在教学中重视语法的使用情境，体现语法的语用要求和交际功能，把握好语法复习的度。考纲中规定的语法项目都要复习到位，既要保证语法知识复习的系统性、完整性，又要结合高考试题，做到重点突出、详略得当。学生在语法复习时一定要注意语法的基本使用规则，通过语境了解语法，学习语法，亦运用语法。语法复习最好以练固讲，精讲精练，让考生在练中归纳，在练中感悟和提高。切忌面面俱到，耗时耗力地讲解语法规则和条文而削弱实践和练习，忽视其交际功能和语用功能。 语法填空题型特点和要求: 要求: 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 一般十个题里有七个是给提示词的，主要考查实词，例如考查名词的单复数，代词的变化，动词的时态语态，形容词副词比较级最高级，以及各个词性之间的转化。三个是无提示词的，主要考查连词，包括并列连词和从属连词，介词的搭配和运用，冠词等，这就要求学生们对文章句意，整体内容和结构的把握。 语法填空新题型对英语教学的启示： 1. 转变传统的语法教学理念 改变“重识记，轻运用”的语法教学理念，适当减少较繁琐复杂的语法知识的讲解，指导学生在具体语境中学得和习得语法。 专题12 定语从句 【高频考点解读】 定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有： ①关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句； ②关系副词where引导的定语从句(近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况)； ③“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句； ④as引导的非限制性定语从句。 【热点题型】 题型一关系代词引导的定语从句 例1、You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station________ you can hire to reach your host family. A．which B．where C．when D．as 【易错剖析】本题易误选B。原因是找错了先行词，本句中定语从句的先行词是taxis，而不是the bus station。 【提分秘籍】 1．which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语(可省略)。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.我拒绝因别人的过错而承担责任。 2．who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语(可省略)。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year. 8 完形填空 【母题】【2018·新课标全国I卷高考完形填空】 【母题原题】 【2018·新课标全国I】完形填空（共20小题；每小题15分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ __41___ my job. Family to Feed.” At this store, a __42___ like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and make a __43____ on how bad it must be to have to stand ___44____ in the cold wind. In the store, I asked each of my kids to __45___ something they thought our “friend” there would ___46___. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a ___47____. I thought about it. We were ___48__ on cash our selves, but… well, sometimes __49___ from our need instead of our abundance is ___50__ what we need to do! All the kids __51____ something they could do away with for the week. When we handed him the bag of __52__, he lit up and thanked us with ___53__ eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for __54____his family might need, he burst into tears. This has been a wonderful ___55__ for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can __56___! Things would have played out so __57____ if I had simply said, “No, we really don’t have ___58___ to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in __59___, it also gave my kids the __60____ taste of helping others. It’ll go a long way with them. 41. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished 42. A condition B. place C. sight D. show 43. A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. call 44. A. outside B. proudly C. by D. angrily 45. A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick 46. A. order B. supply C. appreciate D. discover 47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card 48. A. easy B. low C. soft D. loose 49. A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging 50. A. yet B. even C. still D. just 51. A. declared B. shared C. ignored D. expected 52. A . toys B. medicine C. food D. clothes 53. A. sleepy B. watery C. curious D. sharp 54. A. whoever B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 55. A. experience B. example C. message D. adventure高考英语真题分类汇编各种题型全汇总
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