2021年高考英语语法复习 特殊句式及结构考点总结及配套练习
2021年高考英语语法复习特殊句式及结构
考点一倒装
(一)完全倒装
1.表示方向、地点和时间的副词、介词短语置于句首用完全倒装。常见的有:there,here,in,out,away,up,down,from,off,back,over,then,now,in the room,on the wall 等。
Here comes the bus.车来了。
In rushed the angry man.
那个生气的男人冲了进来。
Now is your turn.现在轮到你了。
In front of the school gate is a big beautiful garden.
学校门前是一个漂亮的大花园。
①主语为代词时不倒装。
Out they rushed.他们冲了出去。
②此类倒装结构一般只适用于一般现在时和一般过去时态。
2.表语+连系动词+主语(表语是形容词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词等)
Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授,还有许多其他客人。
Such are the facts; no one can deny them.
这些就是事实,没有人可以否认。
(二)部分倒装
1.“only+状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首时,句子或者主句要用部分倒装。Only then did he realize that he had lost his way.
直到那时他才意识到自己迷路了。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
唯有他回来,我们才能弄明白事实。
2.句首为否定或半否定的词语,如
no,not,never,neither,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,barely,at no time,in no
way,under no circumstances,no sooner...than,not until,hardly ... when,not only ... but also,by no means等时,要用部分倒装结构。
Seldom had he seen a child with so much talent.
他以前很少见过如此有天赋的孩子。
By no means shall we give up.我们绝对不会放弃。
否定词不包括由否定前缀构成的形容词。
3.在以下几个固定句式结构中,句子使用部分倒装。
(1)so+be∕助动词∕情态动词+主语
We love having lots of friends.So do those with disabilities.
我们喜欢拥有许多朋友,残疾人也是如此。
so表示“是的,确实”,重复上文,表示赞同对方的观点时,主谓语不倒装。
—It is too hot.——天太热了。
—So it is.——是啊,的确很热。
(2)neither∕nor+be∕助动词∕情态动词+主语
I don’t know who he is,nor do I want to know.
我不知道他是谁,我也不想知道。
(3)在such∕so...that ...结构中,“so∕such+被修饰词”位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others.
他跑得很快,远远领先于其他人。
(4)neither...nor...结构位于两个分句的句首时,用部分倒装。
Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.
我不知道这件事,我也不在乎。
(5)在not only ...but (also)...结构中,not only位于句首时,第一个分句用部分倒装。Not only do I like painting,but I (also) take a course.
我不但喜欢画画,而且还上了绘画课。
此结构连接主语时不倒装。
Not only he but also his parents are sick.
不但他而且他父母也病了。
(6)not until ...位于句首时,句子或主句用部分倒装。
Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time.
直到我儿子上了大学他才意识到时间的重要性。
(7)在hardly...when...∕no sooner...than...结构中,hardly∕no sooner位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door.
她刚坐下就听到有人敲门。
No sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to rain.
她刚踏出家门天就下起雨来。
这两个结构都要求主句谓语用过去完成时。
(8)as∕though引导的让步状语从句可以将句中状语、表语、动词原形提到句首构成部分倒装。Pretty as∕though she is,she is not proud.
尽管她很漂亮,但她一点也不自负。
Try as he would,he might fail again.
尽管他还会尝试,但可能还会失败。
单数可数名词表语提前时,省略其前的不定冠词。
Child as he is,he knows a lot.
虽然他还是个孩子,但他懂得很多。
(9)虚拟条件句若有had,were,should时,可省略if,从句用部分倒装。
Were I you,I would take his advice.
如果我是你,我会接受他的建议。
Should it rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off.
如果明天下雨,运动会将会被推迟。
考点二状语从句的省略
1.在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而从句的主语又与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it 时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
While (we were) walking,we met our old friend Jack.
我们散步时碰到了老朋友杰克。
2.if so,if any,if possible,if necessary,if not 已看作固定搭配。
If (it is) necessary,ask Mr.Wang to help you.
如果有必要,找王先生帮你。
Errors,if (there are) any,should be corrected.
如果有什么错误,就应该改正。
考点三强调句型
1.强调句的基本句型是“It is∕was+被强调的部分+that∕who+其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等。
It is only children who will make such stupid mistakes.
只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。
2.强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is∕was提前,特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词+i s∕was+it+that+其他部分”。
Was it in this market that you bought the TV?
你是在这个市场买的电视吗?
Where was it that he got the information?
他是从哪里得到这条信息的?
强调句型不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语动词,用“助动词do,does或did+动词原形”,意为“的确;真的;务必”。
Do sit down.务必请坐。
He did say that he would help me.
他的确说过他会帮我的。
考点四there be结构
1.there be结构的谓语形式
there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be,happen to be,be likely to be 或remain,stand,lie,go,exist,follow,live,come,occur 等替换。
There seems to be something wrong with the machine.
机器好像出了点问题。
There is likely to be an important meeting tomorrow.
明天很可能会有一个重要的会议。
Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.从前,那座庙里住着一个老和尚。
2.there be结构的非谓语形式
What is the chance of there being an election this year?
今年举行选举的可能性有多大?
(there be的动词-ing形式作介词 of的宾语)
I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job. 我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。
(there be的动词不定式结构作动词expect的复合宾语)
考点五感叹句
感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。
1.what 引导的感叹句
What+a∕an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
What+adj.+可数名词复数∕不可数名词+主语+谓语!
What a strange plant!I’ve never seen it before.
这种植物真奇怪!我以前从未见过。
What lovely children they are!
他们是多么可爱的孩子啊!
2.how 引导的感叹句
How+adj.+a∕an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
How+adj.∕adv.+主语+谓语!
How+主语+谓语!
How interesting a story it is!
=What an interesting story it is!
这是多么有趣的一个故事啊!
How time flies!时间过得真快啊!
语法训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.He offered to get my suitcase out of the trunk.I collected it and started walking away. did he.
2.Some scientists say it is human activity has caused global warming.
3.So buried (be) she in doing her homework that she didn’t notice it got dark outside.
4.It was their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found the papers.
5.I saw him hesitate for only a moment before (take) a deep breath and saying,“Yes,I’ll do it if it will save her.”
6.Only then we realize there was an earthquake.I was too frightened to move.
7.A child,if actively (engage) in classroom activities,can be taught many things.
8.At the top of the hill (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
9.To my surprise,there at the door (stand) a girl trembling in wet clothes.
10.Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important.
11.In that way,World Read Aloud Day (do) help make a difference.
12.Though (raise) in a big city,Peter always prefers to paint the beautiful scenes of country life.
答案及剖析:
1.So 句意:他主动地把我的箱子从后备箱拿出来。我提起箱子开始离开。他也跟着离开。根据句子结构,此处表示另一方也做同样的事情,所以用倒装结构。
2.that 考查强调句。say后的从句是强调句,被强调部分为human activity,故填that。
3.was 考查倒装句。句意:她如此埋头做她的家庭作业以至于她都没注意到外面天已经黑了。在so... that... 句型中,将so置于句首时,后面的主谓语需部分倒装;根据题干中didn’t 可知设空处需用一般过去时,故答案为was。
4.who/that 考查强调句。此处强调人,故who和that都可以。
5.taking 考查状语从句的省略。此处表示“他只犹豫了一下就深吸了一口气说他愿意”,before后面是he took的省略,所以填taking。
6.did 考查倒装句。句意:只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。“only+状语”位于句首时,后面的句子需要部分倒装。本句介绍的是过去的事情,需用一般过去时,故填did。
7.engaged 考查省略句。句意:如果孩子能积极参加课堂活动,他能学会许多东西。将本句补全后为:If a child is actively engaged in classroom activities,he can be taught many things,故填engaged。
8.lies 考查倒装句。山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。当介词短语置于句首时,句子应用完全倒装。结合定语从句的时态可以判断,此处应用一般现在时,主语为an old cottage,故填lies。
9.stood 考查完全倒装。句意:让我大为吃惊的是,在门口站着一个女孩,穿着湿衣服颤抖着。There置于句首主语是名词时,用完全倒装。
10.did 考查倒装句。句意:直到经历了真正的困难,他才意识到我们对家人的爱是多么重要。“Not until...”置于句首,主句需要部分倒装,故用助动词did 来帮助构成部分倒装结构。
11.does 考查强调句。通过那种方式,世界大声读书日的确帮助产生了影响。本句主语为第三人称单数,设空处后的谓语动词是动词原形help,根据提示词do可知本题考查强调。do/does/did放在实义动词前表示强调。本句主语为第三人称单数,故填does。
12.raised 考查状语从句的省略。句意:虽然是在大城市长大的,彼得总是更喜欢画美丽的乡村生活场景。从句部分是省略句,完整的句子是Though Peter was raised in a big city。
Ⅱ.语篇语法填空
Sending gifts varies greatly from country to country.In Australia,Canada,the United States sending gifts is rarely expected,1.are the European countries.If you 2. want to give out a gift,it is more important to avoid
3. (give) highly personal gifts such as clothing.When visiting the home of
a colleague from one of these countries,it is normally appropriate to bring a gift to the hostess.
In America,4.(expense) gifts are definitely out.A good 5. (choose) is to take the deserving person to dinner,or to 6. entertainment
or a sporting event.7. the contrary,gift giving is a traditional custom in Japan.In Japan the proper gift is thought 8. (express) the giver’s true friendship,gratitude and respect far 9. (well) than words can.So if you plan to visit Japan or to have any Japanese visit you here,be prepared.
Australia is known for its friendliness and informality.So modest gifts,such as a diary,a paperweight,or a coffee cup might 10. (present) to a friend.At a trade show,T-shirts,ties,baseball caps,or a pin may be appropriate souvenirs.Anything more than these types of gifts could cause embarrassment.
语篇解读:本文主要介绍了不同的国家送礼物的风俗和习惯。
答案及剖析:
1.so 考查以so 开头的倒装句的用法。表明后面的句子的情况和前面的句子一样。
2.do 考查do作为强调作用的用法。本句子不缺少谓语动词,根据句子结构,需要助动词do 来表示强调。
3.giving 考查现在分词的用法。avoid doing sth.为固定词组,意为“避免做某事”,故giving 为正确答案,在此作avoid的宾语。
4.expensive 考查形容词的用法。由上下文语境可知,美国人不喜欢送礼,尤其是特别贵的礼物。此处,所填单词作定语修饰gifts,因此应该用形容词。故正确答案为expensive。
5.choice 考查名词的用法。分析句子成分,此空作主语,前由good来修饰,所以应该填名词,故答案为choice,意为“选择”。
6.an 考查冠词的用法。此处的语境大致为,一个好的选择是可以请人去吃饭,看一场文娱节目或一项运动比赛;entertainment在此作可数名词,意为“文娱活动”,故前面应有不定冠词修饰,表示泛指,而entertainment又是以元音音素开头,故答案为an。
7.On 考查介词的用法。on the contrary为固定词组,意为“相反的是,与之相反”。
8.to express 考查不定式的用法。此处所填单词作目的状语,因此用动词不定式。
9.better 考查形容词比较级的用法。由后面的than可判断出,此处应用比较级better,并且由前面的far来修饰。
10.be presented 考查动词的语态。present 作动词,意为“赠送,赠与”,分析句子成分可知,present与前面的名词构成被动关系,故此处应用被动语态。
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高考英语特殊句式专练100题（带答案） 1. Only after Mary read her composition the second time _____ the spelling mistake. A.did she notice B.she noticed C.does she notice D.she has noticed 2. _______, who was happy to be bathed in the warm sunshine. A.Lying on the grass was a boy B.On the grass had lain a boy https://www.360docs.net/doc/cd13099486.html,in on the grass was a boy D.On the grass did a a boy lie 3. China's development can't continue without lawmakers, nor _______ move forward without scientists. A.it can B.can it C.can't it D.it can't 4. You might find the people who made complaints about our services unkind, but at no time _______ they were unreasonable.
A.I had felt B.had I felt C.I felt D.did I feel 5. Word has come _______ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A.what B.that C.whether D.when 6. It is about ten years _______ I met you last time. A.since B.for C.when D.as 7. _______ back made her parents angry and sad. A.Not her coming B.your coming C.Her not coming
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 （2021最新版） 作者：______ 编写日期：2021年__月__日 【导语】要想取得好的学习成绩，必须要有良好的学习习惯。习惯是经过重复练习而巩固下来的稳重持久的条件反射和自然需要。建立良好的学习习惯，就会使自己学习感到有序而轻松。以下是小编为您整理的《八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结》，供大家查阅。 【篇一】 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句：----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句)
----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语 reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的单词，