高考英语阅读理解推理判断题

阅读理解推理判断题

【2019·天津卷，D】

Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.

The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？

We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.

Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.

The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.

With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.

Many of us equate（视……等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.

51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.

A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity

B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal

C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate

D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success

52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？

A. End one's struggle for liberty.

B. Waste one's energy taking risks.

C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.

D. Lose the interest to continue learning.

53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？

A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.

B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.

C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.

D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.

54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？

A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.

B. A wise man can live without self-pity.

C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.

D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning. D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career. 【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。

51.B

【解析】推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。

52.D

【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they

have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。

53.C

【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。

54. D

【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段we learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。

55.A

【解析】写作意图题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。

【巧学妙记】

推理判断题着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力，要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实、隐含的信息或文章的深层意义。这类题目旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意的能力。

推理判断题的设题形式有很多，不同的题型对应不同的技巧。如下表所示：

推断内容考查点解题方法

推断隐含含义考查考生透过词语的字面

意思去理解作者的言外之

意或弦外之音的能力

1. 跳读，找到相关信息点(推理的依据)；

2. 细读，理解相关

信息点的字面意义；3. 结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础

上进行符合逻辑的推断，理解作者的言外之意。

推断写作意图考查考生根据短文内容推

断作者写该文章的目的的

能力

根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的：1.记叙文，特

别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章——娱乐读者；2.

夹叙夹议文——让读者得到某种启示或教育；3. 广告和议论

文——说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；4. 科

普说明文或新闻报道——告知读者某些信息。

推断下段内容、文章出处考查考生通过阅读材料，预

测内容及推断材料的来源

的能力

1. 根据文章的内容或结构来推断；

2. 根据各种文体的特征来

判断其出处：如广告的用词和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨认；

报纸的前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；产品说明的特

点也比较明显，一般会介绍其名称、作用、操作方式等。

推断目标读者考查考生根据短文内容推

断此篇文章主要是写给谁

看的的能力

根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和语气来判断。

（上海市长宁区2019届高三二模）The bus screamed to a stop in Nazareth, Israel. Five Australian backpackers boarded and struck up a conversation with me. They asked typical travelers’ questions—where was I going and why was I traveling alone? My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn’t pick up and I had no other way to reach her. My stomach was in knots, but I d ecided to head out anyway, thinking I might run into her if I traveled to Tiberius, where we had planned to go together.

“Why don’t you travel with us?” one of the backpackers offered. They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months, save, then travel for as long as they could. Their current plan was to explore the Middle East and Europe in three months while working in London.

It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes. For the next two weeks, I explored Israel with the backpackers and learned to trust my instincts in all types of new and interesting situations. When they hook a ride, I took the bus, but when they wanted to steal into the King David Hotel’s swimming pool, I led the way. The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone. I joined complete strangers, who become close friends. Years later, one couple from the backpacking group even flew from Sydney to Phoenix to be in my wedding. The trip was such a special experience that it gave me confidence in all areas of my life. Since then, I’ve backpacked alone across South Africa, sky-dived from 12,000 feet in New Zealand and even moved across the U.S. with no job lined up.

On my third day wandering in Israel with my new friends, I bumped into the woman I was supposed to meet. Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadn’t picked up the phone.

1. By “My stomach was in knots” (in paragraph 1), the author most likely means that she was ______.

A. sick of riding on a bumpy bus

B. nervous of meeting strangers

C. upset about the sudden change

D. sorry about the impractical plan

2. Which of the following best describes the backpackers the author met?

A. Courageous but disrespectful.

B. Jobless and poorly educated.

C. Warmhearted and trustworthy.

D. Homeless but lighthearted.

3. The author’s sixth sense told her that ______.

A. she would get along with the backpackers

B. it might cause trouble to have a swim

C. she ought to stay away from the backpackers

D. it could add excitement to get a free ride

4. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Most of the backpackers became the author’s lifelong friends.

B. The author gathered the courage to be a fulltime backpack traveler.

C. The woman missed the phone call with the purpose of traveling alone.

D. The author considered it the best decision of her life to travel on her own.

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者原本与朋友约好去旅游，却被放了鸽子，她决定一个人去。途中她遇见了五个背包客，这些背包客邀请她一起去旅游，她和这些人一起经历了美好的几天，并和他们成了好朋友。

1.C

【解析】推理判断题。根据前文“My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn’t pick up and I had no other way to reach her.”可知作者被朋友放鸽子了，被放鸽子肯定是失望的，C项（因为突然的变化而感到沮丧的）最符合作者此时的心情，所以选C。

2.C

【解析】推理判断题。根据““Why don’t you travel with us?” one of the backpackers offered”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游，说明他们很热心；根据“ They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months, save, then travel for as long as they could”可知这些背包客旅游经验很丰富，所以是值得信任的，综合选C。

3.A

【解析】推理判断题。根据“It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes.”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游时，她的本能（instinct）也就是第六感说了“好”，也就是说她的第六感让她相信她能和这些背包客相处的很好，才会答应他们的邀请，故选A。

4.D

【解析】推理判断题。根据“The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone.”可知作者觉得自己选

择一个人旅游让自己看到了更大的世界，再结合最后一句“Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadn’t picked up the phone.”可知作者庆幸她的朋友没有接她的电话。由此可以判断作者认为自己选择一个人去旅行是一个很好的决定，故选D。