托福阅读TPO长难句分析

今天我们就以举例来托福托福阅读TPO长难句：

举例1

If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.

分析：

1 并列复合句

2 if引导的条件状语从句

分句1：the pores（主） are （系）large（表）

分句2：the water（主） in them（定） will exist（谓） as drops （状）too heavy for surface tension to hold（定）

分句3：it （主）will drain away（谓）

分句4： if the pores are small enough,

分句5：the water（主） in them （定）will exist （谓）as thin films（状）, too light to overcome the force of surface tension（定） holding them in place（定）

分句6： the water （主）will be firmly held（谓）

翻译：空隙很大，其中的水会以雨滴的形式存在，重力足以克服表面张力，水会流走；但是如果空隙足够小，水会以薄片的形式存在，重力不足以克服表面的张力，因此水会被稳稳地保存在空隙表面

举例2

For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.

分析：

并列复合句

分句2：Nevertheless引导的并列句

分句3：That引导定语从句

分句1：some early societies（主） ceased to（谓） consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them（宾）

分句2： they（主） retained （谓）as parts of their oral tradition （状）the myths （宾）and admired（谓） them（宾） for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness（状）

分句3：the myths （主）that had grown up （谓）around the rites（状）

翻译：

比如，早期的一些科学家已经不再认为一些宗教仪式对他们的幸福生活是必要的，并且抛弃了这些仪式。但是，他们依然把这些围绕宗教仪式的传说当做口头文学传统的一部分，并且从艺术价值来赞美它们，而不是从他们的宗教价值。

举例3

Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes.

分析：

主从复合句

主句1：Wind velocity （主）also（状） increases （谓）with altitude （状）and may cause（谓） serious stress (宾)for trees（状）

分句1：as （主）is made（谓） evident （宾）by the deformed shapes （状）at high altitudes（定）

翻译：风速会随着海拔的升高而增加，从而导致树木面临严峻的压力，在高海拔地区树木变形就是明显的例子。

举例4

In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its

purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically.

分析：

主句：In order for the structure（状） to achieve the size and strength （定）necessary to meet its purpose（定），architecture （主）employs（谓） methods of support （宾）

In order for 引导目的状语从句

分句1： because they （主）are based on （谓）physical laws（宾）

because 引导插入语从句

分句2：Methods of support （主）have changed （谓）little（状）

That引导定语从句

分句3： since people （主）first （状）discovered （谓）them（宾）

Since引导状语从句

分句4：even while building materials （主）have changed （谓）dramatically（状）even while 引导状语从句

翻译：

为了让建筑物达到必要的大小和强度以满足建筑的目的，建筑物采用了一些支撑自身的方法；因为这些方法都是以物理定律为基础的，所以尽管建筑材料已经发生了巨大的变化，但是这些方法自从最初被人们发现以来几乎没有任何改变。

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