中考英语复习《简单句》精品教学案
xx复习简单句
[知识概要]
由一个主语和一个谓语动词所组成的句子是简单句。谓语动词有及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词之分。正是谓语动词的特点决定着句子的不同结构，如连系动词后要接表语;大多数及物动词后接一个直接宾语，有的及物动词要接直接宾语和间接宾语，还有的及物动词要接复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)。
要想写好简单句，我们必须记住以下六种句型，它们是语言的基本模式。
【句型一】
主语+谓语(不及物动词) + (状语[副词、名词、介词短语等])
His father cooks.他父亲做饭。
The children are listening quietly.孩子们在静静地听着。
He runs fast in the street.他在街上跑得飞快。
The meeting begins at nine.会议9点开始。
They worked day and night.他们夜以继日地工作。
【点津】主语和不及物动词是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。上述句子虽然长短不一，但都属于这一基本句型。
【句型二】
主语+谓语(及物动词) +宾语( +状语)
Hedidn’t like the film.他不喜欢这部电影。
She often helps him.她经常帮助他。
I have already finished reading the book.我已经读完这本书了。
They decided to go hiking.他们决定去徒步旅行。He thought about the problem for a few moments.他把这个问题思考了一会儿。
【点津】此句型中的谓语动词既可以是及物动词，也可以是短语动词，后面的宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式。修饰谓语动词的状语通常放在句末，这些状语多数是副词或介词短语，也可以是名词短语、分词或不定式短语。
【句型三】主语+系动词+表语
Your watch looks very nice.你的手表看起来很漂亮。
The mooncake tastes very delicious.这种月饼尝起来很可口。
The days get shorter and shorter.白天变得越来越短了。
In spring, the trees turn green.春天，树变绿了。
【句型四】
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Please give me a few apples.请给我几个苹果。
I’ll show you my photos.我将给你看我的照片。
【点津】此句型中的及物动词后接两个宾语(双宾语)，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。有时间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语的后面。
She passed him the salt. = She passed the salt to him.她把盐递给了他。
Hisuncleboughthimabirthdaypresentyesterday.=Hisuncleboughtabirthdaypresen t for him yesterday.昨天，他叔叔给他买了一件生日礼物。
由介词to连接间接宾语的动词常见的有：
give,pass,tell,show,lend,take,teach等;由介词for连接间接宾语的动词常见的有：
buy, cook, get, make, choose, sing等。
【句型五】
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
We call him Tom for short.我们简称他为汤姆。
At first I found Chinese quite hard.开始时我发现汉语相当难。
Tell him not to be late tomorrow.告诉他明天不要迟到。
He made all of us laugh.他使我们都大笑起来。
The little girl often helps her mother (to) do the housework.这个小女孩经常帮她的母亲做家务活。
We found a cat lying under the chair.我们发现有一只猫躺在那把椅子下面。
The six students keep their hands behind their backs.这6个学生把他们的手放在他们的背后。
【点津】此句型中的宾语后面需接上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况，这样意思才完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语，宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、动词不定式、介词短语等。
1.接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：
call, make, think, name等。
2.接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：
keep, make, find, think等。
3.动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为以下三种情况：
(1)接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：
want, ask, wish, tell, teach等。
(2)接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：
let, make, see, hear, watch等。
(3)接带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是help。
4.接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：
hear, see, watch, keep, find等。
5.接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：
find, take, keep等。
【句型六】
There be +主语+状语(介词短语)
There is some meat on the plate.盘里有些肉。
Long, long ago, there lived a king.很久以前有一个国王。
There stands a school on the hill.山上有一所学校。
There are going to be two football matches this afternoon.今天下午有两场足球比赛。
There was a bike under the tree just now.刚才树底下有辆自行车。
There are some people in the hall.大厅里有些人。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.书桌上有支钢笔和几本书。
There are some apples and an orange in the basket.在篮子里有一些苹果和一个橘子。【点津】本句型又叫There be句型，常用来表示“在某地(某时)有某物(某人)”，但应注意与have的区别：
have / has作“有”讲时，表示所属关系，即“所有，占有”，而there be结构表示客观上的存在，不说明所有关系。
There is a new pen in Jim’s pencil-box.在吉姆的铅笔盒里有一支新钢笔。(钢笔在铅笔盒里)
Jim has a new pen.吉姆有支新钢笔。(钢笔为吉姆所有)
在此句型中，there是引导词，无实义，其主语是be动词之后的名词或名词短语，且这些名词或名词短语通常用不确定的限定词(a,no,all等)修饰，不用确定的限定词(the,this, that等)修饰。同时，此句型中的主语不能是人称代词、专有名词以及被物主代词或所有格修饰的名词。如不能说：
There is China in the east of the world.
There are their books on the desk.
There are they under the tree.
注意：
动词be在人称和数上应和其后的主语(名词)保持一致，即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is，复数可数名词时用are。若be后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，be动词应采取“邻近原则”，即be应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。动词be的时态随具体情况而定。
在此句型中，谓语动词有时不用be，而用其他动词，使语言表达更生动形象，如live,stand, lie等。
[历年xx考点]
“简单句不简单”，它是一切句子的基础，因而成为中考命题的热点。在中考题中，对简单句的考查千变万化，现笔者将其各种考查形式归纳如下，便于同学们全面掌握。１.以感叹句形式考查简单句。
①___ｂｏｏｋｓｈｅｇａｖｅｍｅｉｌｌｉｋｅｉｔｖｅｒｙｍｕｃｈ.Ａ.Ｈｏｗｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｇ
Ｂ.Ｈｏｗａｎｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｇ
Ｃ.Ｗｈａｔｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｇ
Ｄ.Ｗｈａｔａｎｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｇ
②___ｔｅｒｒｉｂｌｅｔｈｅｗｅａｔｈｅｒｉｓ！
Ａ.Ｗｈａｔ
Ｂ.Ｗｈａｔａ
Ｃ.Ｈｏｗ
Ｄ.Ｈｏｗａ
［分析］两题均为感叹句，也是简单句。感叹句的构成为：
Ｗｈａｔ＋ａ／ａｎ＋ａｄｊ.＋ｎ.（单数、可数）＋主语＋谓语！Ｗｈａｔ＋ａｄｊ.＋ｎ.（复数或不可数）＋主语＋谓语！Ｈｏｗ＋ａｄｊ.／ａｄｖ.＋主语＋主谓！因此正确答案分别为Ｄ、Ｃ。
２.以否定句形式考查简单句。
Ｉ__ｆｒｏｍｍｙｂｒｏｔｈｅｒｆｏｒａｌｏｎｇｔｉｍｅ．Ａ.ｎｏｔｈａｖｅｈｅａｒｄ
Ｂ.ｈａｖｅｎｏｔｈｅａｒｄ
Ｃ.ｈａｖｅｈｅａｒｄｎｏｔ
Ｄ.ｄｏｎｏｔｈｅａｒ
［分析］否定句中，否定词应放在助动词之后，实义动词之前。Ｂ是正确答案。Ｄ时态不对。
３.以疑问句形式考查简单句。
—Ｈｏｗ__ｃａｎｙｏｕｆｉｎｉｓｈｔｈｅｄｒａｗｉｎｇ？—Ｉｎａｂｏｕｔｔｗｏｈｏｕｒｓ.
Ａ.ｌｏｎｇ
Ｂ.ｏｆｔｅｎ
Ｃ.ｓｏｏｎ
Ｄ.ｆａｒ
［分析］题干是对时间状语的提问，根据四个选项的用法和答语“ｉｎ＋一段时间”知Ｃ项正确。
４.以被动形式考查简单句。
①Ｖｉｓｉｔｏｒｓ__ｎｏｔｔｏｕｃｈｔｈｅｅｘｈｉｂｉｔｓ.Ａ.ｗｉｌｌａｓｋ
Ｂ.ａｓｋ
Ｃ.ａｒｅａｓｋｉｎｇ
Ｄ.ａｒｅａｓｋｅｄ
②Ｐａｕｌｄｏｅｓｎ’ｔｈａｖｅｔｏｂｅｍａｄｅ__.Ｈｅａｌｗａｙｓｗｏｒｋｓｈａｒｄ.
Ａ.ｌｅａｒｎ
Ｂ.ｔｏｌｅａｒｎ
Ｃ.ｌｅａｒｎｅｄ
Ｄ.ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ
［分析］前者ａｓｋ是及物动词，它与ｖｉｓｉｔｏｒ应是被动关系；后者ｍａｋｅｓｂ.ｄｏｓｔｈ.结构主动不带ｔｏ，变为被动语态时应将不定式符号ｔｏ补上，故正确答案为Ｄ、Ｂ。
５.以倒装句形式考查简单句。
ＩｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｔｏｔｈｅＧｒｅａｔＷａｌｌａｎｄ___.Ａ.ｓｏｈａｓＪａｎｅ
Ｂ.Ｊａｎｅｈａｓｓｏ
Ｃ.ＮｅｉｔｈｅｒｈａｓＪａｎｅ
Ｄ.Ｊａｎｅｈａｓｅｎｉｔｈｅｒ
［分析］“ｓｏ＋助动词（系动词或情态动词）＋主语”表示后一分句的主语与前一分句有相似的情况，意为“……也一样”，只能用于肯定句，否定句用“ｎｅｉｔｈｅｒ／ｎｏｒ＋助动词（系动词或情态动词）＋主语”。故Ａ项正确。
６.考查简单句的并列成分。
①—Ｙｏｕ’ｖｅｌｅｆｔｔｈｅｌｉｇｈｔｏｎ.
—Ｏｈ，ｓｏＩｈａｖｅ.___ａｎｄｔｕｒｎｉｔｏｆｆ.
Ａ.Ｉ’ｌｌｇｏ
Ｂ.Ｉ’ｖｅｇｏｎｅ
Ｃ.Ｉｇｏ
Ｄ.Ｉ’ｍｇｏｉｎｇ
②ＯｎＳａｔｕｒｄａｙａｆｔｅｒｎｏｏｎ，ＭｒｓＧｒｅｅｎｗｅｎｔｔｏｔｈｅｍａｒｋｅｔ，__ｓｏｍｅｂａｎａｓａｎｄｖｉｓｉｔｅｄｈｅｒｃｏｕｓｉｎ.
Ａ.ｔｏｂｕｙ
Ｂ.ｂｕｙ
Ｃ.ｂｏｕｇｈｔ
Ｄ.ｂｕｙｉｎｇ
［分析］根据谓语和句子结构特点，可以看出两空格处都是由ａｎｄ连接的并列谓语，其前后形式应相同，根据时态可知Ａ、Ｃ为正确答案。
７.简单句的省略形式。—Ｗｒｉｔｅｔｏｍｅｗｈｅｎｙｏｕｇｅｔｈｏｍｅ.
—___.
Ａ.Ｉｍｕｓｔ
Ｂ.Ｉｓｈｏｕｌｄ
Ｃ.Ｉｗｉｌｌ
Ｄ.Ｉｃａｎ
［分析］根据题干知其完整的答语应是ＩｗｉｌｌｗｒｉｔｅｔｏｙｏｕｗｈｅｎＩｇｅｔｈｏｍｅ.然而，所有答案均是省略句，故Ｃ项正确。
８.在简单句中加入插入语，通过分离句子结构来考查简单句。
Ｊｏｈｎｐｌａｙｓｆｏｏｔｂａｌｌ___，ｉｆｎｏｔｂｅｔｔｅｒｔｈａｎＤａｖｉｄ.
Ａ.ａｓｗｅｌｌ
Ｂ.ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓ
Ｃ.ｓｏｗｅｌｌ
Ｄ.ｓｏｗｅｌｌａｓ
［分析］题干是在比较Ｊｏｈｎ和Ｄａｖｉｄ的足球水平，ｉｆｎｏｔｂｅｔｔｅｒｔｈａｎ是插入语，去掉后，结合选项，可以看出前后应是ａｓ．．．ａｓ结构的同级比较，故Ｂ为正确答案。
９.通过添加附加信息成分增加题干的复杂程度，以考查考生对简单句的把握。
___ｄｏｗｎｔｈｅｒａｄｉｏ—ｔｈｅｂａｄｙ’ｓａｓｌｅｅｐｉｎｔｈｅｎｅｘｔｒｏｏｍ.
Ａ.Ｔｕｒｎｉｎｇ
Ｂ.Ｔｕｒｎ
Ｃ.Ｔｕｒｎｅｄ
Ｄ.Ｔｏｔｕｒｎ
［分析］破折号是附加信息部分，该部分能使语言语境更加真实，但对于解题不但没有帮助，反而有很大干扰作用，增加了试题难度。去掉后，其本来面目变成祈使句，故Ｂ项正确。
１０.两个或两个以上的简单句借助并列连词或标点符号（逗号、分号等）构成并列句。
___，ｓｏｈｅｃａｎ’ｔｇｏｔｏｐｉｃｎｉｃ.
Ａ.Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｈｅｉｓｉｌｌ
Ｂ.Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｂｅｉｎｇｉｌｌ
Ｃ.Ｈｅｉｓｉｌｌ
Ｄ.Ａｓｈｅｉｓｉｌｌ
［分析］在英语中两个句子不能都用连接词，ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ，ｓｏ，ｔｈｏｕｇｈ／ａｌｔｈｏｕｇ与ｂｕｔ均不能同时用在一个并列句中，故Ｃ项正确。
最新中考英语真题及答案
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come about表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑、否break out意思为“发生、爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病、火灾或者争吵等事件的发生1). Great changes have __taken place__ (发生) in our hometown during the past ten years. 2). It occurred to me that (我突然想起) I saw him on my way home yesterday. 3). I happened to see (碰巧看见) your sister crying on my way to school yesterday. I was in such a hurry that I had no time to ask what had happened to (介词) her? 4). When the Second World War broke out (爆发), Tom was only a newborn infant. 5). I’ ll never understand how it came about (发生) that you were late three times a week. 2. celebrate / congratulate celebrate“庆祝”，后面跟某个节日或物。 congratulate“祝贺”，一般搭配为congratulate sb. on (doing)sth.“祝贺某人某事”。Let’s hold a party to celebrate your birthday and at the same time congratulate you on your passing the examination. 3. gather / collect 这两词用不及物动词时用，常可互换，都表“ 聚集；聚拢”gather强调将分散的东西收集在一起。 collect对某些事物进行逐渐的收集，强调为了研究目的或爱好而做的有鉴别、有计划的收集 1). The dustmen collect the rubbish once a week. 2). A group of people like collecting stamps. 4. award / reward award n.“奖品”、“奖金”，指因为作出杰出成就而受奖win/get/receive an award for sth. vt.“授与”、“颁发”、“判给” award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. reward n.“赏金”、“酬金”或一些非金钱的报酬as a reward vt. 表示“报答”、“酬谢”之意 reward sb. for sth. / reward sb. with sth. 1). They awarded John the first prize in the contest.
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