2019-2020学年复旦附中高三上英语9月周练四
Ⅱ. Section B
Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. It
is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is __21__ and
another is competitive.
Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want
to explain why we possess certain characteristics and __22__ certain behavior. There are no clear
answers yet, but two distinct __23__ of thought on the matter have developed. As one might
expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate
between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently __24__ to as “nature
and nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and
behavior patterns are largely determined by __25__ and genetic factors. Taken to an extreme, this
theory states that out behavior is __26__ to such a great degree that we almost completely
governed by our instincts（本能）.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as are often called, beha viorists, claim that our
environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will
act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely
shaped by their __27__. The behaviorists’ v iew of the human being is quite mechanistic. They
state that, like machines, humans respond to __28__ stimuli（刺激）as the basis of their behavior.
Neither of these theories can yet __29__ explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely
that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two __30__ and that the controversy
will continue for a long time is certain.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Everyone hates to wait in lines. We get that exhausting feeling that our precious life is __31__ away while we’re doing something so meaningless. But it’s not alw ays the length of the wait we find so unbearable. Our behavior when waiting is only partly defined by the length of the wait. Often the psychology of queuing is more important than the statistics of the wait itself. One apparent aspect of queuing psychology is that we get bored when we wait in line. This issue is __32__ in many ways, from magazines in hospital waiting rooms to the __33__ in elevators so that we can __34__ our appearance. We really hate it when we expect a short wait and then get a long one. But studies show that we are much more __35__ when we are given an idea of how long we’ll be waiting. Walt Disney Co. knows this better than anyone else. It posts estimated waiting times for __36__ in its theme parks. But according to Larson, these times are __37__ so that visitors get to the front of the queue more quickly than they expect. It keeps them happy.
But perhaps the biggest influence on our feelings about waiting in line has to do with our understanding of fairness. When it comes to queues, the universally acknowledged standard is first come, first __38__. Any deviation（偏差）from this __39__ is regarded as unfair and can lead to violent queue rage.
Sometimes, however, we are willing to make __40__. For example, we are fine with the __41__ given to those with a more critical condition in hospital. But in most situations, we demand fairness. You’ve probably experienced __42__ queue yourself in f ast food restaurants, watching people in the other line move ahead of you, __43__ yourself for having chosen the “wrong” line.
In order to solve this problem, the winding line was invented. Slate magazine’s website explains:
“The winding line group s all customers into one big snaking queue, separated by ropes or barriers. When you reach the head of the queue, you are directed to the next __44__ server, or teller, or customs official, which offers important comfort: you __45__ never have to see someone arrive after you and get served before you.”
In life, waiting is inevitable. But a better understanding of the psychology of waiting can help make it aa bit more bearable. When all else fails, bring a book or smart-phone will also do.
31. A. floating B. slipping C. sliding D. fleeing
32. A. produced B. resolved C. tackled D. dissolved
33. A. mirrors B. newspapers C. clocks D. beverage
34. A. check B. supervise C. criticize D. neglect
35. A. frustrated B. refreshed C. patient D. desperate
36. A. queues B. restaurants C. visitors D. attractions
37. A. overlooked B. oversized C. underestimated D. overestimated
38. A. served B. leave C. gone D. done
39. A. theory B. concept C. principle D. discipline
40. A. differences B. exceptions C. principle D. discipline
41. A. power B. priority C. justice D. chance
42. A. mild B. strong C. severe D. intense
43. A. reflecting B. complimenting C. laughing D. blaming
44. A. available B. approachable C. acceptable D. approvable
45. A. possible B. absolutely C. actually D. really
Section B
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The Indian cliff dwellings（崖居）of the southwestern United States are a source of interest and mystery for archeologist. Located in the Four Corners area of the U. S. , where Colorado, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico, the cliff dwellings were constructed during the Great Pueblo period, from approximately 1050 to 1300. The cliff dwellings are whole series of rooms built in layers into the sides of cliffs. The sleeping rooms of the cliff dwellings were very tiny, often only one to two meters wide and little more than one meter high, and they were built in complexes of up to several hundred rooms together. The front rooms of the complexes were considerably larger. These larger rooms were apparently the rooms where the daily life took place.
When the cliff swellings were first found by explorers, they had been abandoned.
Archeologists today are uncertain as to when or why they were abandoned and where the inhabitants went. There is some evidence, however, that the inhabitant left the cliff dwellings near the end of the thirteenth century because of a serious drought that is know to have occurred in the area from 1276 to 1299. Archeologists believe that the inhabitants could have left the cliff dwelling to move southwest and southeast. Today the descendants of the cliff dwellers are probably members of the Indian tribes of that area.
46. When the cliff dwellings were found, they were _______.
A. popular with tourists
B. full of daily life
C. deserted and lifeless
D. in a state of drought
47. Why did the Four Corners area receive its name?
A. The cliff dwellings in the area each have four corners
C. The Great Pueblos are four-cornered
D. The corners of four states meet there
48. The archeologists are certain about _______.
A. the reason why the cliff dwellers abandoned their homes
B. that a drought occurred in the Four Corners area from 1276 to 1299
C. the place the inhabitants of the cliff dwelling went to
D. the time when the cliff dwellers abandoned their homes.
49. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?
A. The lifestyle of the cliff dwellers
B. The size of the cliff dwellings
C. The mystery concerning the abandonment of the cliff dwellings
D. The location of the cliff dwellings
(B)
Below is a selection from a popular science book.
If blood is red, why are veins blue?
Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple colour. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less
read light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.
Which works harder, your heart or your brain?
That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.
Why do teeth fall out, and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?
Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they’re gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off. Do old people shrink as they age?
Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simple lose height as their spine becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity. Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3~4 cm in height till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards-their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.
Why does spinning make you dizzy?
Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But, when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not!
Where do feelings and emotions come from?
Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area-from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feeling also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel
more complex emotions than any other mammals on the planet.
If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?
Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it, lose it!” It’s not that exercise makes you healthy; it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.
50. What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A. Blue
B. light yellow
C. Red
D. Dark reddish purple
51. Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?
A. Because their spine is in active use
B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity
C. Because they keep growing backwards
D. Because their spine becomes more bent
52. Which of the following statements about our brain is true?
A. In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B. When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy
C. The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans
D. Our feelings and emotion come from the most developed area in our brain
53. What is the main purpose of the selection?
A. To give advice on how to stay healthy
B. To provide information about our body
C. To challenge new finding in medical research
D. To report thatlatestdiscoveries in medical science
(C)
Increasingly, over the past few decades, people especially young people, have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods. Foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today.
Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil
that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount -- but not the quality -- of foods grown in commercial farming areas.
Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures（牧场）. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building tasteless as food, they also lay eggs which lack important vitamins.
There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a non-essential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if it is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form. of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fiber.
It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantifies of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of wholemeal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthy eating”.
54. People have become more interested in natural foods because _______.
A. they are more health conscious
B. they want to taste all kinds of foods
C. natural foods are more delicious than processed foods
D. they want to return to nature
55. Soil that is rich in organic matter _______.
A. has band chemicals and fertilizer added to it
B. contains vegetable matter that has not been consumed
C. has been nourished by fertilizer
D. already contains large quantities of vitamins and minerals.
56. According to the passage. _______。
A. people need sugar to given them energy
B. sugar is bad for health
C. the addiction of eating sugar makes people depend on it
D. sugar only sweetens food, but provides us with nothing useful
57. The best title for this passage is _______.
A. People’s Growing Interest in Natural Foods
B. Natural Foods and Health Diet
C. Harmful Effects of Sugar
D. The Importance of Fibre in Foods
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The automobile may not be closely associated with modern American culture, but it has occupied a c entral role in America’s economic and social history.
No one can deny the status of Henry Ford in car history. When the first Ford Model T rolled off the assembly line in 1908, businessman Henry Ford transformed the car from a luxury attachment for the rich to an automobile product for the middle classes. (58)
_____________________ Better roads fed the demand for larger, faster, more stylish vehicles, and a host of companies rushed to meet that demand. If there was a first Golden Age of automobile, it may well have been the 1950s. It was an age of prosperity. Large, regular paychecks encouraged the public display of wealth through costly items such as new cars. Americans, moreover, needed those cars as they moved away from the cities into the suburbs, where such things as stores, jobs, and schools were seldom within walking distance. Cars became essential if people were to get to work or to the grocery store.
As the 1950s slipped into 1960s, it became apparent that these fashionable wheels were gas-consuming road cruisers, dangerous in an accident, and often full of faults. (59) _____________________ Seatbelts became standard equipment as well. Rising fuel prices in the 1970s, coupled with concern for the environment, made the smaller cars produced by foreign companies for European and Asian markets very popular.
(60) ____________________________New models including minivans and sport utility vehicles have become main products in auto dealers’ showrooms. Traffic jams on the roads have become part of the American way of life. In 1911 a horse could travel through rush-hour traffic in Los Angeles at 11 miles per hour. In 2000 a car covering the same territory at the same time of day moved at about 4 miles per hour. But perhaps that is not important. (61) ________________________________.
Ⅳ. Grammar
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Some scientists think the automobile is going to be useless. They say one day in the future all the autos will be thrown away and (1) _______ we won’t use them my more.(2) _______, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain (3) _______ leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.
The motorcar will undoubtedly change a lot over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer and more economical, and should not be powered by the gas engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.
(4) _______ its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in the urban traffic jam. One (5) _______ (suggest) solution to this problem is the automated highway system.
(6) _______ the auto enters the highway system, a retractable（可伸缩的）arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, (7) _______ is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once (8) _______ (attach) to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. (9) _______ computer will then monitor all of the car’s movements.
The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate (10) _______ (good) route and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway.
Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 无可否认，价格主要取决于市场的供需关系。(determine)
2. 这本书值得反复阅读，它生动的描述了20世纪30年代的上海。(worth)
3. 家长们往往过分重视孩子们的学业成绩，却忽视了正是均衡的饮食和良好的心态才能让孩子们健康成长。(it 强调句，contribute)
参考答案
V ocaubulary:
21-30 AC AB C ABC BD B AD D A BC
Cloze:
31-35 BCAAC 36-40 DDACB 41-45 BADAB
Reading:
(A)46-49 CDBA (B)50-53 DDAB (C)54-57 ABCB
Grammar:
1. that
2. Others
3. a
4. Despite
5. suggested
6. Once/When
7. Which 8. attached 9. The 10. the best
Translation: (for reference only)
1. There is no denying /doubt that prices are largely /mainly determined by the supply and demand in the market.
2. The book is worth reading many times because it gives a vivid picture (description) of the life in Shanghai in the 1930s. /it describes Shanghai in the 1930’s vividly.
3. Parents tend to lay too much emphasis on/ put too much value on/ overemphasize children’s academic performance, neglecting that it is the balanced diet and a good mood that contribute to the healthy growth of children.
高三数学周周练(含答案)
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高三英语第一周周练-改错+完形 10(解析版)
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福建省宁化城东中学2020届九年级英语上学期第15周周练试题(无答案) 仁爱版
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