2020年高考英语山东卷语法填空试题及答案详解

2020年高考英语山东卷语法填空试题及答案详解

请看试题：

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37 _______ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 ________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39 _____opened in 1759.

The parts of a museum open to the public 40 _____(call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum's collection 41 ______ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.

Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42_____ (they) living at a different time in history or 43_____ (walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44_____(accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45 _____people's spare time and money with other museums. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.

Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big or until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.

The parts of a museum open to the public are called galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum's collection is on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.

Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical accuracy is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete for people's spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.

请看译文：

许多人有收集东西的爱好，例如邮票、明信片或古董。在18和19世纪，有钱人旅行和收集植物标本、历史文物和艺术品。他们把藏品放在家里，直到规模变得太大或者他们去世了，然后交给博物馆。例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8万件文物，成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。

博物馆对公众开放的部分被叫做画廊或展厅。通常，博物馆只有一小部分藏品展出，其

中大部分被储存起来或用于研究。

许多博物馆都是热闹的地方，吸引了很多游客。除了观看展品外，参观者还可以玩计算机模拟，想象自己生活在不同的历史时期，或者漫步在雨林中。在约克的乔维克中心，这座城市的维京人聚居地被重建，人们体验着这个古老城镇的景色、声音和气息。历史的准确性很重要，娱乐性也很重要。博物馆为了争夺人们的业余时间和金钱必须与其他娱乐项目竞争。大多数博物馆也欢迎学校团体，并为儿童安排特别活动。

请看答案及详解：

本文介绍了博物馆的藏品以及博物馆内的娱乐活动。

36.wealthy 考查词性转换。“In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. 在18和19世纪，有钱人旅行和收集植物标本、历史文物和艺术品。”修饰名词people，用形容词形式作定语，故填wealthy 。37.or 考查并列连词。“They kept their collection at home until it got too big or until they died, and then it was given to a museum. 他们把藏品放在家里，直到规模变得太大或者他们去世了，然后交给博物馆。”根据句意可知“直到规模变得太大或者他们去世了”until it got too big 和until they died是并列成分，而且表选择关系，因此用并列连词or。

38.formed 考查谓语动词的时态。“The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759. 例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8万件文物，成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。”句中collected by Sir Hans Sloane是过去分词短语作定语，修饰objects，后面的for example是插入语，因此，该句的主语是The 80,000 objects，空格处是句子的谓语部分，根据时间状语in 1759，可知用一般过去时。

39.which/that 考查定语从句。“The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759. 例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8万件文物，成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。”先行词the British Museum在定语从句中作opened的主语，且指代“物”，定语从句的引导词用关系代词which 或that。

40.are called 考查谓语动词的时态和语态。“The parts of a museum open to the public are called galleries or rooms. 博物馆对公众开放的部分被叫做画廊或展厅。”句中open to the public作定语，修饰The parts of a museum，因此，该句的主语是The parts of a museum，空格处是句子的谓语部分，根据下文时态和句意，可知用一般现在时的被动语态。

41. is 考查谓语动词的时态。“Often, only a small part of a museum's collection is on display. 通常，博物馆只有一小部分藏品展出。”该句的主语a small part of a museum's collection 是第三人称单数形式，根据下文时态，可知用一般现在时is。

42.themselves 考查反身代词的用法。“As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. 除了观看展品外，参观者还可以玩计算机模拟，想象自己生活在不同的历史时期，或者漫步在雨林中。”该句的主语是visitors，后面的imagine和前面的can play with computer simulations是并列谓语部分，空格部分作imagine宾语，而且和主语visitors表示“同一些人”，因此用反身代词themselves。

43.walking 考查非谓语动词的用法。“As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. 除了观看展品外，参观者还可以玩计算机模拟，想象自己生活在不同的历史时期，或者漫步在雨林中。”imagine themselves后面的living at a different

time in history和walking through a rainforest是并列现在分词做宾补。

44.accuracy 考查词性转换。Historical accuracy is important but so is entertainment. 历史的准确性很重要，娱乐性也很重要。”空格中所填单词在句中作主语,故用accurate的名词形式accuracy。

45. for考查介词用法。“Museums must compete for people's spare time and money with other amusements. 博物馆为了争夺人们的业余时间和金钱必须与其他娱乐项目竞争。”compete for sth with sb 与某人争夺某物。

请看考点分布表：

总之，2020年山东卷语法填空题难度适中。文章不难理解，考点也很常规，主要集中在介词、连词、动词、名词、形容词、代词等这几个方面。其中，容易失分的是第44题，主要是很多同学不会写accurate的名词形式accuracy 。另外，第42题答案有争议，如果用themselves ，其后的living是现在分词作宾补，也可以用them/their, 是动名词的复合结构。