梁实秋 中英简介

梁实秋

1903年梁实秋出世在北京。他的父亲梁咸熙，是一个清朝末年的秀才。在1915到1923期间他曾就读于北京的清华学校。之后他在科罗拉多大学学习再往后他踏上了他的研究生学习在哈佛和哥伦比亚大学。在哈佛大学他的研究方向是西方文学批评，受到白璧德新人文主义的影响。Liang was born in Beijing in 1903. His

father, Liang Xianxi, was a Xiucai in the Qing Dynasty.He was educated at Tsinghua College in Beijing from 1915 to 1923. He went on to study at Colorado College and later pursued his graduate studies at Harvard and Columbia Universities. At Harvard, he studied literary criticism under Irving Babbitt, whose New Humanism helped

shape his conservative literary

tenets.

1926年他返回中国后，他作为一个在几所大学教书的大学英语教授开始了漫长的职业生涯，其中包括北京大学，青岛大学和济南大学。他还担任过一系列文学副刊和期刊的编辑，包括著名的新月月刊（1928–1933）。这期间他发表了大量的文学著作显示了白璧德对他的强烈的影响和证明他的人类的生活和自然是适合文学的唯一主题的信念。最著名的是其中的浪漫和经典，文学与革命，文学的严肃性与文学的永恒。在这些论著中，他坚持文学的超越阶级和强烈反对使用

宣传目的的文学的东西的内在价值。这些声明和他在中国的雅克卢梭等浪漫主义者的过度影响引发了他和鲁迅之间的论战并让他受到了左翼作家的共同攻击。他的主要作品包括翻译了杰姆斯巴里的《彼得潘》，乔治爱略特的《织工马楠》和《吉尔菲先生的爱情故事》和艾米莉勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》。After his return to

China in 1926, he began a long career as a professor of English at several universities, includingPeking University, Tsingtao University, and Jinan University. He also served as the editor of a succession of literary supplements and periodicals, including the famous Crescent Moon Monthly (1928–1933). During this period he published a number of literary treatises which showed the strong influence of Babbitt and demonstrated his belief that human life and human nature are the only proper subjects for literature. The best known among these are The Romantic and the

Classical, Literature and Revolution, The Seriousness of Literature, and The Permanence of Literature. In each of these treatises, he upheld the intrinsic value of literature as something that transcends social class and strongly opposed using literature for propagandist purposes. These pronouncements and his dislike for the excessive influence of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and other Romanticists in China triggered a polemic war between him and Lu Xun and drew the concerted attacks of leftist writers. His major works as a translator included James Barrie's Peter

Pan, George Eliot's Silas Marner and Mr. Gilfil's Love Story, and Emily

Bront?'s Wuthering

Heights.

1949，为了逃避内战，梁逃到台湾任教于台湾师范大学直到他1966年退休。在这期间，他确立了自己作为一个词典编纂者带来了一系列的英文词典。他的翻译作品包括乔治奥威尔的《动物农场》和马克奥勒留的《沉思录》。In 1949, to escape

the civil war, Liang fled to Taiwan where he taught at Taiwan Normal

University until his retirement in 1966. During this period, he established himself as a lexicographer by bringing out a series of English-Chinese and Chinese-English dictionaries. His translation works included George Orwell's Animal

Farm and Marcus Aurelius' Meditations.

梁现在被孰知主要是作为第一个中国学者凭一己之力翻译莎士比亚全集成中文。

这个项目，从1930开始完成于1967年。然后他开始了另一个重大项目，写一个全面的中文版的的英国文学史，这作品最终完成于1979年，共三卷历史和同时期的选读英国文学的中文翻译版，也三卷。梁的文学成就在于，首先是对他所的熟悉的话题写的数以百计的短文，尤其是那些写的跨度超过四十年（1940–1986）都收集到雅舍小品的总标题下，现存的英语翻译的标题叫从佃农的写生。

Liang is now remembered chiefly as the first Chinese scholar who has

single-handedly translated the complete works of Shakespeare into Chinese. This project, which was first conceived in 1930, was completed in 1967. He then embarked on another monumental project – that of writing a comprehensive history of English literature in Chinese, which was completed in 1979 and consists of a three-volume history and a companion set of Selected Readings in English Literature in Chinese translation, also in three volumes. Liang’s literary fame rests, first and foremost, on the hundreds of short essays on familiar topics, especially those written over a span of more than four decades (1940–1986) and collected under the general title of Yashe Xiaopin, now available in English translation under the title From a Cottager’s Sketchbook.

翻译原文：

FROM my grandfather Verus I learned good morals and the government of my temper.

从我的祖父维勒斯，我学习到弘德和制怒。

From the reputation and remembrance of my father, modesty and a manly character.

从我父亲的名声及对他的追忆，我懂得了谦虚和果敢。

From my mother, piety and beneficence, and abstinence, not only from evil deeds, but even from evil thoughts; and further, simplicity in my way of living, far removed from the habits of the rich.

从我的母亲，我濡染了虔诚、仁爱和不仅戒除恶行，甚而戒除恶念的品质，以及远离奢侈的简朴生活方式。

From my great-grandfather, not to have frequented public schools, and to have had good teachersat home, and to know that on such things a man should spend liberally.

从我的曾祖父那里，我懂得了不要时常出入公共学校，而是要在家里有好的教师；懂得了在这些事情上一个人要不吝钱财。

From my governor, to be neither of the green nor of the blue party at the games in the Circus, nor a partizan either of the Parmularius or the Scutarius at the gladiators' fights; from him too I learned endurance of labour, and to want little, and to work with my own hands, and not to meddle with other people's affairs, and not to be ready to listen to slander.

从我的老师那里，我明白了不要介入马戏中的任何一派，也不要陷入角斗戏中的党争；我从他也爱会了忍受劳作、清心寡欲、事必躬亲，不干涉他人事务和不轻蕉流言诽谤。

From Diognetus, not to busy myself about trifling things, and not to give credit to what was said by miracle-workers and jugglers about incantations and the driving away of daemons and such things; and not to breed quails for fighting, nor to give myself up passionately to such things; and to endure freedom of speech; and to have become intimate with philosophy; and to have been a hearer, first of Bacchius, then of Tandasis and Marcianus; and to have written dialogues in my youth; and to have desired a plank bed and skin, and whatever else of the kind belongs to the Grecian discipline.

从戴奥吉纳图斯，我学会了不使自己碌碌于琐事，不相信术士巫师之言，驱除鬼怪精灵和类似的东西；学会了不畏惧也不热衷于战斗；学会了让人说话；学会了亲近哲学。我先是巴克斯，然后是坦德西斯、马尔塞勒斯的一个倾听者，我年青时学习写过对话，向往卧人硬板床和衣粗毛皮，从他，我还学会了其他所有属于希腊学问的东西。

From Rusticus I received the impression that my character required improvement and discipline; and from him I learned not to be led astray to sophistic emulation, nor to writing on speculative matters, nor to delivering little hortatory orations, nor to showing myself off as a man who practises much discipline, or does benevolent acts in order to make a display; and to abstain from rhetoric, and poetry, and fine writing; and not to walk about in the house in my outdoor dress, nor to do other things of the kind; and to write my letters with simplicity, like the letter which Rusticus wrote from Sinuessa to my mother; and with respect to those who have offended me by words, or done me wrong, to be easily disposed to be pacified and reconciled, as soon as they have shown a readiness to be reconciled; and to read carefully, and not to be satisfied with a superficial understanding of a book; nor hastily to give my assent to those who talk overmuch; and I am indebted to him for being acquainted with the discourses of Epictetus, which he communicated to me out of his own collection.