山东大学2003年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

山东大学2003年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

Part A

Ⅰ．Listening Comprehension (15％)

(略)

Ⅱ．V ocabulary (10％)

A．Directions：For each of the sentences below there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word．

16．Nowadays machines are used to reap the corn．

A．plant B．grow C．cut D．seed

17．Mosquitoes cause the transmission of many kinds of diseases．

A．spread B．vaccine C．wreck D．implementation

18．The slaves rose in rebellion against their master．

A．revolution B．anger C．confidence D．reconciliation

19．The judge rebuked the police for their treatment of the prisoner．

A．defended B．reproved C．approved D．ratified

20．They have a reciprocal loathing for each other．

A．slight B．mutual C．deep D．reckless

21．It is a back-breaking job for me to recite such a long poem in 20 minutes．A．recur B．claim C．memorize D．write

22．It was reckless of him to leave his job before he had another one．

A．careless B．brave C．considerate D．crazy

23．The memory of the accident often recurs to me．

A．refrains B．rejoices C．recycles D．returns

24．Has the government redeemed all its election promises?

A．defended B．fulfilled C．broken D．discussed

25．He used to be a well-known football referee．

A．amateur B．fan C．judge D．star

B．Directions：Choose the one answer that best completes each of the following sentences．26．A system of roads________ from the town center．

A．grows B．constructs C．radiates D．reels

27．The people for the experiment were chosen completely________ random．A．at B．in C．by D．on

28．I didn't think thoroughly of the results and make a________ decision to agree to lend him my car．

A．receptive B．rash C．determined D．clever

29．Parliament is________ recess now．

A．at B．in C．for D．during

30．How do you reconcile your political principles________ your religious beliefs?

A．on B．of C．from D．with

31．In the sentence “She lives alone by herself”，the word “alone” is________．

A．necessary B．useful C．redundant D．receptive

32．Please refrain________ smoking．

A．from B．of C．at D．against

33．The political dissidents decided to take________ abroad．

A．escape B．refuge C．life D．hiding

34．The theatre________ us our money when the play was cancelled．

A．demanded B．reclaimed C．accepted D．refunded

35．He is so self-important that he always________ others' suggestions．

A．refutes B．accepts C．emphasizes D．raffles

Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension (40％)

Directions：There are four passages in this part．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements．Choose the best answer from the four choices following each question or statement and mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet．

Passage 1

There is perhaps no other event in the natural world that is as characteristic of a season as a full chorus of spring peepers．It is not only that the voices of living things are calling once more after the long silence of winter，there is something about the atmosphere in which the chorus takes place that epitomizes the season．There is a certain moist smell in the air on rainy spring nights，slow mists rise from rafts of ice floating in dark marshes，everywhere on roads through wet areas the small white forms of migrating spring peepers，wood frogs，green frogs，and pickerel frogs appear，and all around you the air will be filled with a high bell-like ringing，a little like a distant horse-drawn sleigh．That distant chorus is the voice of the spring peeper，a small tree frog no larger than the end of a little finger．Throughout history naturally have referred to it as the voice of spring．

In actuality you may be a long way from the pond or marsh that the peepers are calling from．The voice of spring peepers can carry as much as a mile on still spring nights，and once you learn to recognize the song，there will be nights when it is difficult to escape their incessant calling．The sound will accompany you through spring，a sort of background music to the events that will be taking place around you during the season．

36．What is the best title for this passage?

A．Spring Comes to the Country B．The V oice of spring

Frogs

D．A Rainy Spring Night

C．Migration

of

37．What kind of animal is a spring peeper?

A．A wood frog B．A pickerel frog

C．A tree frog D．A green frog

38．Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a characteristic of the spring season?

A．Animal sounds B．New odors

mists D．Tree blossoms

C．Rising

39．Which of the following best describes the spring climate of the area of the country the author is describing?

A．Cold and dry B．Warm and humid C．Cool and wet D．Dry and warm 40．Which of the following generalizations is supported by the passage?

A．Each time of year has its own special features．

B．As seasons change，so do people．

C．Tiny sounds can be of great importance．

D．Spring is the most beloved season of all．

Passage 2

Jean Sibelius fell very much alone because he couldn't accept the music of that day．He believed that one should be able to make for oneself an ideal by reflection，and thought that modern music did not progress because it marked time without moving a step farther．When he began work on his Fifth Symphony，Europe and his beloved Finland were being ravaged by World War I．He wrote in September of 1914．“But I already begin to see dimly the mountain that I shall certainly ascend．God opens his door for a moment and His orchestra plays the Fifth Symphony．”But from the very first he was full of doubts about this work．He wasn't sure whether or not he should have begun on the fifth symphony．He suffered a good deal for having persevered in composing symphonies at a time when practically all composers had turned to other forms of expression．

The Fifth Symphony was completed late in 1915．It was performed on the composer's fiftieth birthday which was declared a national holiday．Sibelius conducted the concert but he was not satisfied with this new work．In October of 1916，he revised the symphony but a performance two months later still did not satisfy him．

41．Why did Jean Sibelius feel alone?

A．Because he realized his limitations as a music composer．

B．Because he couldn't accept the music of that day．

C．Because he lived far from his family．

D．Because all of his friends excluded him from music．

42．What did Sibelius think of modern music?

A．It reflected an ideal．

B．It did not make much progress．

C．It was too progressive．

D．It was not popular．

43．How did Sibelius feel after conducting the Fifth Symphony in 1915?

A．He was uncertain about his work．

B．He thought he was blind．

C．He was satisfied with his conducting．

D．He wasn't happy about his new work．

44．When Europe and Finland were ravaged by World War I，how did he feel about his new work?

A．He began to see the mountains rather than the sea．

B．He was too discouraged by the war to play the Fifth Symphony．

C．He thought he was very stubborn．

D．He felt like continuing Fifth Symphony．

45．How old was he when he conducted the Fifth Symphony for the first time?

A．48 years old．B．49 years old．C．50 years old．D．51 years old．

Passage 3

Petroleum products，such as gasoline，kerosine，home heating oil，residual fuel oil，and

lubricating oils，come from one source-crude oil found below the earth's surface，as well as under large bodies of water，from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25，000 feet into the earth's interior．Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a bole through the earth，but more dry boles are drilled than those producing oil．Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface．

Crude oil wells flow at varying rates，from ten to thousands of barrels per hour．Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels．

Petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance：thin，thick，transparent or opaque，but regardless，their chemical composition is made up of only two elements：carbon and hydrogen，which form compounds called hydrocarbons．Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities．Trace elements are also found，but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded．The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule．

The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors．These products are the so-called light oils，such as gasoline，kerosene，and distillate oil．The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for bunting under boilers．Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure or the hydrocarbons to produce other products，some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane (辛烷) rating of various types of gasoline．

46．According to the passage，all the following is true EXCEPT________．

A．crude oil is found below land and water

B．crude oil is always found a few hundred feet below the surface

C．pumping and pressure force crude oil to the surface

D．a variety of petroleum products is obtained from crude oil

47．Many thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are possible because________．A．the petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance

B．complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure

C．the two atoms in the molecule assume many positions

D．the pressure needed to force it to the surface causes molecular transformation 48．Which of the following is TRUE?

A．The various petroleum products are produced by filtration．

B．Heating and condensation produce the various products．

C．Chemical separation is used to produce the various products．

D．Mechanical means such as the centrifuge (离心机) are used to product the various products．

49．Crude oil is brought to the surface by means of________．

A．expansion of the hydrocarbons

B．pressure and pumping

C．vacuum created in the drilling pipe

D．expansion and contraction of the earth's surface

50．Which of the following is not listed as a light oil?

A．Distillate oil B．Gasoline C．Lubricating oil D．Kerosine

Passage 4

University physics is intended for students of science and engineering．Primary emphasis is on physical principles and problem-solving；historical background and specialized practical applications have been given a place of secondary importance．Many worked-out examples and an extensive collection of problems are included with each chapter．

In this new edition，the basic philosophy and outline and the balance between depth of treatment and breadth of subject-matter coverage are unchanged from previous editions．We have tried to preserve those features that users of previous editions have found desirable，while incorporating a number of changes that should enhance the book's usefulness．

The textbook is adaptable to wide variety of course outlines．The entire textbook can be used for and intensive course two or three semesters in length．For a less intensive course，many instructors will want to omit certain chapters or sections to tailor the book to their individual nerds．The arrangement of this edition facilitates this kind of flexibility．

Conversely，however，many topics that were regarded a few years ago as of less importance and were omitted from introductory courses have now come to the fore again in the life sciences，earth and space sciences，and environmental problems．An instructor who wishes to stress these kinds of applications will find this textbook a useful source for discussion of the appropriate principles．

In any case，it should be emphasized that instructors should not feel constrained to work sleight through the book from cover to cover．Many chapters are，of course，inherently sequential in nature，but within this general limitation instructors should be encourage to select among the contents those chapters that fit their needs，omitting material that is not relevant for the objectives of a particular course．

51．Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the new edition?

A．Historical background is given priority；

B．Physical principles and problem-solving are emphasized．

C．Specialized practical applications are considered important．

D．Many worked-out examples are provided．

52．According to the passage，this new edition________．

A．has been made more applicable

B．is easier to learn

C．covers a wider range of subject matter

D．has improved the balance between theory and practice

53．One of the features of this textbook is that________．

A．some contents are dealt with in terms of philosophy

B．it has an outline for each chapter

C．it introduces the physical principles in great depth

D．it can be used for different course arrangements

54．The words “Conversely，however” (Line 1，Para．4) indicate that________．A．many topics can be emphasized though they were not covered in the old edition

B．many topics can be emphasized though they were usually omitted by instructors

C．many topics have been added to the new edition as they were not covered in the old one D．many topics have been added to the new edition though they can omitted by the

instructors

55．To meet the needs of a particular course，the teacher of this book can omit some of the contents provided that________．

A．his selection is based on the request of his students

B．he does not omit any chapter completely

C．his students are particularly intelligent

D．he keeps an eye on the internal relations between the chapters

Part B

Ⅳ．Directions：Choose FIVE of the underlined sentences in the passages below and translate them into Chinese．Write your answers on the answer sheet and remember to put down the sentence number before each translated sentence．(15％)

Passage A

Drug abuse in the United States has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation．(1)Indeed the very word “drug” excites strong motions，and opinion polls since the late 1960s have shown that the “drug problem” is perceived by most Americans as a major threat to our society particularly to its younger members．

For our purposes，we can define a drug as any chemical that is psychoactive，or capable of modifying a person's behavior through its effect on emotions，thinking，or consciousness．Strictly speaking，many familiar substances such as aspirin or ten are drugs，but when most Americans think of drugs，they have in mind only outlawed substances such as heroin or LSD．(2)A characteristic of many psychoactive chemicals is that they lead to dependence；that is，the user develops a recurrent craving for them．Dependence may be psychological，physical，or both．In the case of psychological dependence，the user feels psychologically discomforted if cut off from the drug．(3)In the case of physical dependence，or addiction，bodily withdrawal symptoms may occur，taking many forms and ranging in severity from slight trembling to fatal convulsions．Users develop a tolerance for some drugs，that is，they have to take steadily increasing amounts to achieve a given level of effect．

The sociologists are interested in why people choose the drugs they do，why some abuse drugs，and why particular societies permit certain drug use．(4)Also of interest is the actual reaction to various forms of drug use，because this reaction serves to define the status of the drug-takers—in some cases，by labeling them as criminals．

Passage B

In the higher education system of the United States，the research universities have played a leading role．Nevertheless，the research universities have too often failed，and continue to fail，their undergraduate populations．(5)Tuition income from undergraduates is one of the major sources of university income，helping to support research programs and graduate education，but the students paying the tuition get in all too many cases，less than their money's worth．Recruitment materials display proudly the world-famous professors，the splendid facilities and the groundbreaking research that goes on within them，but thousands of students graduate without ever seeing the world-famous professors or tasting genuine research．(6)Some of their instructors are likely to be badly trained or even untrained teaching assistants who are groping their way toward teaching technique；some others may be tenured drones who deliver set lectures from yellowed notes，making no effort to engage the bored minds of the students in front of them．

(7)Many students graduate having accumulated whatever number of courses is required，but

still lacking a coherent body of knowledge as to how one sort of information might relate to

others．And too often they graduate without knowing how to think logically，write clearly，or

speak coherently．(8)The university has given them too little that will be of real value beyond a

credential that will help them get their first jobs．And with larger and larger numbers of their peers

holding the same paper in their hands，even that credential has lost much of its potency．

Ⅴ．Directions：The table below shows social and economic indicators for four countries in

1994，according to United Nations statistics．Describe the information shown below in your own

words．What implications do the indicators have for the countries? You should write at least 250

words．(20％)

Zaire

Peru

Japan

Indicators Canada

Annual income per person (in $US) 11,100 15,760 160 130

Life expectancy at birth 76 79 51 47

Daily calorie supply per person 3,326 2,846 1,927 1,749

Adult literacy rate 99 99 68 34

山东大学2003年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

参考答案及解析

Part A

Ⅰ．Listening Comprehension (15％)

(略)

Ⅱ．V ocabulary (10％)

16．C reap收割。cut收割(庄稼)。

17．A 句意：蚊子会传播多种疾病。transmission传播，传送。vaccine疫苗。wreck(船

只)失事。implementation执行，履行。

18．A rebellion叛乱，反抗。revolution革命，变革。reconciliation和解。

19．B rebuke指责，非难。reprove责骂，谴责。defend保卫。approve批准，赞成。ratify

批准。

20．B reciprocal相互的，交互的。mutual相互的。slight轻微的，微小的。deep深厚的。

reckless粗心的，卤莽的。

21．C recite背诵，详述。memorize记住。recur再次发生。claim声称，主张。

22．A reckless粗心的，卤莽的，轻率的。careless草率的，粗心的。brave勇敢的。considerate

细心的，周到的。crazy疯狂的。

23．D recur一再发生，重现。return返回，回来。refrain抑制，克制。rejoice欣喜，高

兴。recycle回收利用。

24．B redeem实践，履行。fulfill执行，履行。defend保卫。discuss讨论，谈论。

25．C referee裁判员。judge裁判员，评判员。amateur业余爱好者。fan热心追随者，

迷。star明星。

26．C 句意：一组道路从市中心向四面八方伸展出去。reel踉跄，站不稳。grow成长，

生长。construct建造，构筑。radiate from自…发出，从…散开。

27．A 句意：实验对象完全是随机选取的。at random任意地，随便地。

28．B 句意：我并未完全考虑后果，轻率地同意把车借给他了。rash轻率的，卤莽的。receptive善于接受的。determined坚决的。clever聪明伶俐的。

29．B 句意：议会现在暂停。in recess暂停，休息。

30．D 句意：你是怎样使你的政治原则和宗教信仰调和起来的? reconcile with调和，和解。

31．C 句意：在句子“她单独自己住”中，“单独”一词是多余的。redundant不需要的，多余的。receptive善于接受的。necessary必要的，必需的。useful有用的。

32．A 句意：请克制抽烟。refrain from克制，抑制。

33．B 句意：持不同政见者在国外寻求政治避难。take／seek refuge abroad在国外寻求避难。

34．D 句意：演出取消后，剧院退还了我们的钱。refund退款，退还。demand要求。reclaim收回，开垦。accept接受。

35．A 句意：他刚愎自用，总是驳斥别人的建议。refute驳斥，反驳。accept接受。raffle 以…作为奖品。emphasize强调，着重。

Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension (40％)

Passage 1

36．B 本文讲述了春天具有代表性的chorus，即各类青蛙尤其是spring peepers的叫声，选项B“春天的声音”概括了文意。

37．C 细节题。根据第一段倒数第二句the spring peeper，a small tree frog no larger than the end of a little finger可知spring peeper指的是a tree frog。所以答案为选项C。

38．D 文中提到了a full chorus of spring peepers，a certain moist smell和slow mists，选项D“树木的开花”没有提及。

39．B 从第一段作者谈及的moist smell，mists以及万物(本文主要指frogs)的复苏等，可以判断出选项B“温暖而湿润”。

40．C 本文主要讲了frogs' voice，并指出它是春天气息的典型特征the atmosphere in which the chorus takes place that epitomizes the season，选项C符合文意。

Passage 2

41．B 文章开篇指出了Jean Sibelius感到孤独的原因是he couldn't accept the music of that day，选项B正确。

42．B 从第一段modern music did not progress because it marked time without moving a step farther可以看出，他认为现代音乐没有取得进步。

43．D 最后一段谈到Sibelius conducted the concert but he was not satisfied with this new work，随后又在

1916年重新创作，可以判断选项D“他对自己的作品不满意”，正确。

44．D 从文中having persevered in composing symphonies．．．all composers had turned to other forms of expression可以看出，他还是继续进行第五交响乐的创作。

45．C 根据第三段第二句It was performed on the composer's fiftieth birthday(是在作曲家50岁生日时演奏的)，所以他当时是50岁，答案为选项C。

Passage 3

46．B 文中第一段from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25，000 feet into the earth's interior指的是在表面以下几百英尺到地球内部25，000英尺的地方，但并不是说在表面以下几百英尺的地方就能找到。

47．C 文章第三段解释了碳和氢结合能形成数千种化合物的原因是the various positions

and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule，选项C符合文意。

48．B 从第四段The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors．可知答案为B项。

49．B 文章第二段Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface表明，把原油带到表面的方法是pressure or pumping。

50．C 文中第四段列举了light oils包含的内容有gasoline，kerosene，and distillate oil，选项C的Lubricating oil不包含在内。

Passage 4

51．A 根据第一段historical background and．．．have been given a place of secondary importance，可知选项A“历史背景被优先考虑”，不正确。

52．A 第三段提出The textbook is adaptable to wide variety of course outlines，并在下文指出教师可以根据自己的见解选择教授章节等可以看出新的版本更适用。

53．D 第二段讲新版本包含了原有版本师生要求的内容，第三段提出其新的特点，即wide variety of course outlines，适用于不同的课程安排。

54．B 第四段第一句意为“另一方面，旧版本中原来被认为不重要的内容现在新版本中都已放在显著位置(in the fore)了”，选项B符合文意。

55．D 文章最后一段select．．．fit their needs，omitting material that is not relevant．．．大意为“教师可以根据自己的需要略去一些与教学内容不相关的章节”，选项D“注意章节间的内在联系”，符合文意。

Part B

Ⅳ．

Passage A

1．实际上，20世纪60年代末以来，仅仅提到药品这一单词就会引起强烈的情感反应和引发不同的见解，这反映出很多美国人认为药品问题对社会，尤其是年轻一代是个很大的威胁。

2．许多使精神兴奋的化学药品有这样一个特点：它们会导致一种依赖性，也就是说服用者会经常想服用这类药物。

3．身体依赖，或者说是药物上瘾，则可能产生身体脱瘾的不舒服症状，其形式多样，程度范围是从轻微的颤抖到致命的痉挛。

4．同样使人感兴趣的是对不同形式的药物使用的实际反应，因为这些反应可以用来界定药物使用者的状况，甚至在某些案件中给他们定罪。

Passage B

5．大学生交纳的学费是大学收入的主要来源之一；而大学收入可以用来支持研究项目的发展和研究生教育，但是大多数情况下，大学生交纳的学费并非物有所值。

6．有些教师很可能没有获得良好的培训或者他们是些尚在摸索教学技巧的助教；还有些教师可能就仅仅是机械地照本宣科，一点也不努力让兴趣索然的学生们参与到课堂中去。

7．很多学生毕业时都已经学完了学校要求的课程，但仍然缺乏知识的连贯性，例如一种知识如何与其他知识相联系。

8．除了一张能帮学生找到第一份工作的证书外，大学给予学生的真正有价值的东西太少了。

Ⅴ．略