现在分词的用法详解.doc

现在分词的用法详解.doc
现在分词的用法详解.doc

现在分词的用法详解

现在分词(Present Participle )( 又称 -ing 形式、现在进行式 ) ,是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。

一 . 构成形式

doing(特殊的略)现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作二 .

时态与语态

一般式 doing 一般被动式 being done 完成式 having done 完成被

动式 having been done

所有否定式都是在- ing 前面加 not 包括独立主格形式三 .

可作成分

定语状语补语表语

1.作定语

单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前

分词短语作定语时放在后并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑

上的主谓关系这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断

方法之一

e.g. a running boy

the girl standing there

并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句

e.g. a boy who is running

a girl who is standing there

注意 1:分词的完成时不可作定语

注意 2:在 message letter sign news notice等词后要用现

在分词作定语不用过去分词这是考试的易错点

注意 3:某些现在分词作定语时已不再表示动作已经从分词

变为了形容词词性eg. an interesting story an exciting

match 这些也可以属于现在分词作定语但是不能转化为相应的

定语从句但是可以有三级变化(原级比较级最高级)和被某

些副词如 very 修饰

我们一般不说:

The girl having won the race is my deskmate.

而常这样说:

The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.

done 用作后置定语,表示被动,同时表示过去的时间 , 这种结构中一般都用及物动词。

the castle built in the 17th century

== the castle which was built in the the soldiers

died in the war...

The soldier who died in the war

Attention!

die 没有被动,不符合过去分词的用法

2.作补语

高中阶段只研究分词作宾补的情况只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补1 )感官动词: see hear watch feel 不研究作主补的情况notice observe keep find

listen to look at

2)使役动词: have get catch leave set

值得注意的是:要想用现在分词来作宾补只能是用于这些词后但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带 to 的不定式作宾补)

eg.I saw him singing now.

Don't have the students studying all day.

注意:宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系

即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者

至于现在分词作主语补足语的情况只须知道上述动词的被动

语态形式中的现在分词作的是主补即可无须深入

3.作表语

现在分词作表语的情况只适用于上述的现在分词做定语部分

中的注意 3 有三级变化可被副词修饰

e.g.The story is interesting.

The match is exciting.

注意boy is

:表动作的现在分词不能作表语例如上面例子的变形 A running.这不是主系表而是主谓(其中助动词is 与现在

分词 running 和起来作谓语)关于句子成分的语法内容有时间再为大家补充

4.作状语

作时间条件原因让步状语事要位于句首且与后面用逗号隔开

能转换为一个相应的状语从句

作结果方式伴随状语时要位于句尾且与前面用逗号隔开有时

也可以不用

注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致.〔这个是重点是考试和高考的常考点大家必须记住〕

个人经验状语从句是万能的

而分词作状语具有局限性当分词不能表示的时候可以用从句来做

1 )作时间状语

eg. Walking in the street, I saw him.当我在街上走时,

我看到他了.

可以转化为一个时间状语从句When/While I was walking in

the street, I saw him.

当我要表达正在进行的动作时我们可以在分词前面加上when /w hile

那么上面的例句就可以改写为When/While walking in the street,I saw him. (其实有的时候也可以理解为时间状语从句中

的省略但是不是时时成立的)

重新注意一下所给出的例子

Walking in the street,I saw him.我是翻译成”当我在街上

走时,我看到他了.”而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时,他看

到我了.”(这个是因为”分词作状语时其逻辑主语一般要与句

中主语保持一致” )

但是有的同学问了那我要是想翻译成”当他在街上走时,我

看到他了.”那应该怎么做那?

可以用状语从句来做啊因为从句是万能的啊

When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him.

在这里在告诉大家另外的一个方法

He walking in the street,I saw him.

这是分词的独立主格形式我们以下会介绍在这里不需太理解.

2)作条件状语

e.g. Working hard,you will succeed.

3)作原因状语

e.g. Being ill,she stayed at home.

注意 being是常用来作原因状语的

4)作让步状语

e.g. Having failed many times,he didn't lost heart.

5)作结果状语

e.g. His friend died,leaving him a lot of money,

6)作方式状语

e.g. Please answer the question using another way.

7)作伴随状语

可以转化为一个并列句

e.g. He is standing there,singing.

5.作独立成分

generally speaking一般来说Judging from/by由判断出〔高中阶段只需记这两个〕

6.现在分词的独立主格

这个语法点大家原来没有接触过所以会感到生疏那么我下面就简单的介绍一下有关于”独立主格”的内容

独立主格,又叫独立结构。它没有主语和谓语,只有逻辑上的

主语,因此,它在句法上不是句子,而是一个独立于句子成分之

外的独特结构形式。

独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号与主句隔开。

独立主格结构可分为两部分,一部分是名词或代词(主格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、

不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或

动作。

在句中作状语要注意它不是句子

其实我们曾经学过的” with 的复合结构”是差不多的只不过它要比独立主格多个 with .

在高中阶段只须理解现在分词和过去分词的逻辑主格

个人理解其实分词的独立主格实质就是分词作状语只不过它不符合我们说的那条” 分词作状语时,其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”不难发现我每次在叙述这句话时都加上”一般”

二字那也就是说也有特殊的时候就是分词的逻辑主语不和句

中主语保持一致也就是拥有了自己的独自的逻辑主语那么也就是该用独立主格的时候了.

e.g. Winter ing ,it gets colder and colder .冬天来了天变的越来越冷了

注意这句话我们不难发现it在句中指代的是”天气”

那么当我把winter去掉的时候,那在形式上就是纯粹的分词

作状语那么我们也就是默认了ing 的动作是由it (天气)发出来的但是我们不妨翻译一下” 当天气来的时候天气变的越来越冷了.”显然句意不通那么就是说 ing 的逻辑主语不是 it (天气),也就是 ing 拥有自己的逻辑主语那么也就是 winter 因为

ing 的动作是由winter发出的啊

注意当逻辑主语是人的身体部位时如果后面的动词是 vt 我们就用过去分词如果是 vi 我们就用现在分词其实用过去分词时是因为身体部位作了它的宾语

如果是由身体部位自己本身发出的动作时就用现在分词实在理解不了就请同学们强记下来

e.g.The boy lay on the ground,his eyes closed and his hands trembling.这个男孩躺在地上眼睛闭着手在发抖.

一、现在分词

现在分词由动词加ing 构成。

非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。

一、现在分词的两个基本特点。

1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如: a developing country. 一个发展中的国家,boiling water沸水,rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。(试比较: a developed country 一个发达国家, boiled water 白开水, risen sun 升起的太阳)

2.在语态上表示主动。例如: the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class剥削阶级。(试比较:the ruled class

被统治阶级,the exploited class被剥削阶级)

二、掌握现在分词的基本功能。

1.现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以

说明被修饰词的性质和特征,此时可换成相应的定语从句。例如:

① There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.

②He saw a flying bird and raised his bow.

③ I was satisfied with the exciting speech.

2.现在分词作状语时,可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主

句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。例如:

① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.

② European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.

③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that

the city looks more beautiful.

3.现在分词作补足语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。例如:

① Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet

clothes.

② The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.

4.现在分词的独立主格结构作状语。例如:

① With his

②“ Mama! lips still

” he cried

trembling,

suddenly,

he couldn't

tears rolling

say a word.

down his

cheeks.“妈妈!”他突然哭着喊,泪水从他的脸上流下来。(这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构

作状语。)

tears rolling down his

③ Weather permitting, we'll go to the Great wall.如果天气允许的话,我们就去长城。(这里需要用现在分词的独立

主格结构 Weather permitting作状语。)

2.慢跑Slow-running滑冰Skating游泳Swimming 打篮球Playing basketball 画画Drawing (pictures) 唱歌Singing 购物Shopping 阅读Reading

现在分词用法总结

现在分词 一、基础知识: 现在分词(也叫动名词):表示主动和进行。 基本形式:doing 否定式:not doing 被动式:being done 完成式:having done 二、具体用法: 1.动名词作主语和宾语: (1)把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用,表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作,可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. (2)可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面,再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面,这种用法常用于以下句式: ①It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ②It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。 eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意:动名词作主语时,其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰,即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. (3)动名词作宾语分为两种情况:动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语,常见的有: avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语,常见的有: A: start, begin, intend, attempt, continue等后接doing和to do无区别。 B: like, love, prefer, hate等后接doing和to do略有区别,后接doing侧重经常习惯性的行为,后接to do侧重具体的某一次行为。 eg: I like swimming in summer but today I like to see a film at home

(完整版)ing分词用法归纳

-ing分词用法归纳 1. -ing分词概述 -ing分词的基本形式是由动词加-ing 构成,与动词的现在分词形式一致。 -ing分词的主要变化形式有一般式和完成式;一般式和完成式中又分别有主动形式及被动形式。详见下表: 2. -ing分词的意义 (1) -ing分词所表示的动作常与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如: He used to stand there thinking. 他过去常站在那儿思考。 They held activities celebrating their culture. 他们举行活动来庆祝他们的文化。 (2) -ing分词若在suggest, insist等动词后或作结果状语时,表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后; He suggested us practicing English every day. 他建议我们每天练习英语。 He insists on going with us together. 他坚持要跟我们一起去。 Her mother went away alone, leaving her crying there. 她母亲一个人走了,让她一个人在那儿哭。 (3) -ing分词若在forget, regret, remember等动词后或作时间状语时,表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如: Can you still remember living there? 你还能记得在那里的生活情况吗? I don’t regret helping him, though he is unkind to us. 尽管他对我们不友好,我对帮助他还是不后悔。 (4) -ing分词若在介词before, after之后,动作的先后依介词before, after的意义而定。如: I often read some newspaper before getting to sleep. 我在入睡前常要看一看报纸。 (5) -ing分词表泛指意义的动作或状态时,没有时间意义。如: Keeping on doing morning exercises is a good habit. 坚持做早操是一种好的习惯。 (6) -ing分词的完成式表示所发生的动作在谓语动词的动作之前。如: Not having received her answer, he decided to write to her again. 由于没有收到她的回信,他决定再给她写封信。 (7) -ing分词的主动形式,表明逻辑主语所动作的发出者;过去分词表明逻辑主语是动作的承受者。如: Seeing from the top of the mountain, you will find the town very beautiful. 你从山顶上看,就会发现这座城市很美。 Seen from the top of the mountain, the town looks beautiful. 从山顶上看去,这座城市看起来很美。 (8) -ing分词的否定式是在-ing分词前面加否定词not。如: Not knowing what to do, he went to ask the teacher for help. 由于不知道该怎么做,他去请求老师的帮助。 Not having made it clear, he went to ask the teacher about it again. 由于他没有弄明白,他又去向老师询问这件事。 3. -ing分词的句法功能

初中英语现在分词用法总结

初中英语现在分词用法总结 一、基础知识: 现在分词(也叫动名词):表示主动和进行。 基本形式:doing 否定式:not doing 被动式:being done 完成式:having done 二、具体用法: 1.动名词作主语和宾语: (1)把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用,表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作,可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. (2)可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面,再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面,这种用法常用于以下句式: ① It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ② It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③ It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④ There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/

意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤ There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/ 无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥ There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦ There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意:动名词作主语时,其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰,即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. (3)动名词作宾语分为两种情况:动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语,常见的有: avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语,常见的有:

come和go后接现在分词的用法归纳与对比

come和go后接现在分词的用法归纳与对比 一、表示日常生活或娱乐 come 和 go 后接日常生活的某些活动或娱乐活动,表示来做某事或去做某事,此时两者用法基本相同,只是“方向”不同。 1. come doing 的用例 Come dancing. 来跳舞。 Would you like to come sailing? 你愿意来坐船游览吗? Come swimming with us tomorrow. 明天跟我们一起游泳吧。 Why don’t you come ice-skating with us tonight? 今晚来和我们一起溜冰好吗? 2. go doing 的用例 It’s dangerous to go skating on the lake.在湖上滑冰有危险。 I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳,其余的人都打网球去了。 Could you look after the kids while I go shopping? 我去买东西,你照管一下孩子,好吗? On Saturdays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing. 我小的时候,我们星期六都一早起床去钓鱼。 还可表示方式或伴随 go后接现在分词可以表示“去”的方式,或者是伴随“去”还有另一个动作同时在发生。如: She slipped and went hurtling downstairs. 她一失足咕噜噜跌下楼梯。 The car went skidding off the road into a ditch. 汽车打滑冲出公路跌进沟里。 说明:在这类用法中,go doing 远比 come doing 用得普通,表示去进行该活动,其用法与上面讲到的“come+现在分词”相似,只是方向不同,一个表示“来”做某事,一个表示“去”做某事。 同时 go doing 的搭配能力也比 come doing 强得多,通常能这样搭配的现在分词有 climbing, cycling, exploring, dancing, fishing, hiking徒步旅行, hunting, riding, roller-skating, sailing, shooting, skating, skiing, surfing, swimming, walking, dancing, shopping, fishing, water-skiing 等。 They are going skiing. 他们要去滑雪。 They are going sailing. 他们要去航行了。 I’ m going shopping this afternoon.今天下午我要去购物。, 二、表示“来”“去”的方式 come 和 go 后面可以跟表示运动的动词的现在分词,可以“来”“去”的方式,含有“……来”“……去”之意,但在具体翻译时应灵活处理。 1. come doing的用例 She came running into the room. 她跑进屋来。 Memories of his childhood came flooding back. 他童年的往事涌上心头。 2. go doing的用例 She went sobbing up the stairs. 她呜咽着上楼去了。 The car went skidding off the road into a ditch. 汽车打滑冲出公路跌进沟里。 三、“go+现在分词”的其他用法

动词-ed分词的用法讲解

动词-ed分词的用法 一、基本概念 1.分词的定义 1.动词的-ed 分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。 2.过去分词的语法作用:过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词(相当于被动语),在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1)过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如: Don't touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子,它是坏的(它是被打坏的)。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2)过去分词做定语:单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。 如:The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 (excited people 被激动了的人) We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。(被资质认证过的老师,或经过资质认证的老师。)过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。如: Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗? The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。如: The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 这些书是鲁迅写的,受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。 3)过去分词做状语: -ed 分词和-ing 分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when 或while 来强调时 间概念。如: Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看,这个城市

高中现在分词的用法

高中英语现在分词的用法 1)- ing分词(短语)作主语: 1. 动词-ing 形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。如: 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。 3. Walking is my only exercise. 散步是我唯一的运动。 4. Talking mends no holes. (谚)空谈无济于事。 5. Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 1. 为了保持句子平衡,通常用作形式主语,而把真实主语放在句末。如:It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 常见的作表语的名词或短语有:no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time 等。如: It is worthwhile discussing with her. It 's no good waiting here. Let 's go home. It was a waste of time reading that book. 2. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not。如: Your schoolmate 's not coming home made her parents worried. 2)-ing 分词(短语)作宾语: 1. I suggest ending the meeting. 我建议结束会议。 2. He admitted taking the money. 他承认钱是他拿的 3. I couldn ' t help laughing.

现在分词的用法

现在分词的用法 现在分词(Present Participle)(又称-ing形式、现在进行式),是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。 ☆现在分词的两个基本特点: 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如: a developing country. 一个发展中的国家,boiling water 沸水,rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。(试比较: a developed country 一个发达国家,boiled water 白开水,risen sun 升起的太阳) 2. 在语态上表示主动。例如:the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class 剥削阶级。(试 比较:the ruled class 被统治阶级,the exploited class 被剥削阶级) 三:否定式: 所有否定式都是在一ing前面加not 1)现在分词的时态:现在分词本身不能表示具体的时间概念,其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。这一点和不定式用法相同。 A)现在分词的一般式:doing 表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。或是谓语动作发生时,分词的动作正在发生过程中。 女口:Looking back, I found she was washing clothes. She smelt something burning.(smelt 发生在burning 的过程中。) 她闻到有东西烧焦了。 She sat on the chair, reading a novel. B)现在分词的完成式:having done 表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。 Having worked for 2 hours, we had a rest. Not having received his letter, we all felt worried. 2)现在分词的语态: 现在分词用主动还是被动,决定于它的逻辑主语。如果现在分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者,用主动。 反之,用被动。 如: Entering the room, I found Tom watching TV. I knew the man sitting under the tree.(the man是sitting的逻辑主语,而且是分词动作的执行者,故分词用主动。) I found the car being washed.

现在分词用法讲解

一、现在分词:在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。 二、现在分词的基本用法 1. 作表语:表主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing。 2. 作定语: (1). 表示主动的、进行的状态:The girl wearing blue skirt is my sister. = The girl who is wearing blue skirt is my sister. (比较:The factory being built now is a big one.) (2). 说明被修饰词的性质和特征:This is an interesting story. (3). 相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开:Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. (4). 与adv. / n. 构成复合词作定语:This is an English-speaking country. 3. 作状语:表示主动的、进行的状态,其逻辑主语是句中的主语。(如果不是,需在v.-ing 形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语: Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.) (1). 原因状语:Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home. (2). 时间状语:Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when或while:While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. (3). 条件状语:Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. (4). 让步状语:Weighing almost two hundred kilograms, the stone was moved by him alone. (5). 结果状语:He died, leaving nothing but debts. (6). 伴随状语:He sat by the desk, begging. 注意:The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 由此可知伴随状语的特点:①主语所做的另一动作或②与谓语动作(状态)同时发生或③对谓语进行补充说明。(7). 方式状语:Following their teacher, the students entered the room quietly. 4. 作宾补:表示主动的、进行的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的“主表”或“主谓”关系:We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) / I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) 三、现在分词的两个基本特点 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行:a developing country, boiling water, rising sun (比较: a developed country, boiled water, risen sun) 2. 在语态上表示主动:the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class 剥削阶级(比较:the ruled class 被统治阶级,the exploited class 被剥削阶级) 四、独立主格结构(Absolute Phrase)由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。其本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 A lecture to be given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night. (原因)Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. (条件) He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. (伴随) An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. (结果) The meeting over, they all went home. (时间) Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. (结果) The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. (伴随) Another story to be completed, the writer stayed up almost every night. (目的)

英语分词的用法

英语分词的用法 英语中的分词有两种:现在分词和过去分词。及物动词的现在分词表示正在进行和主动意义,过去分词表示已经完成和被动意义。现将常用的英语分词的用法归纳如下: 1.作定语 分词可用来修饰名词或代词,并和所修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 (1)前置定语 单个分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰名词之前,作前置定语。例如: What exciting news it is! 这是多么令人振奋人心的消息! There were a lot of excited people at the concert.演奏会上,很多人兴奋不已。 (2)后置定语 a、少数单个分词(尤其是过去分词为多)作定语时,也可作后置定语。例如: Make sentences with the words given .用所给的词造句。 The goods ordered will be delivered soon. The money left is far from enough. Many people are dubious about the announcement from the authorities concerned. b、单个分词作不定代词的定语时,要放在被修饰代词之后,作后置定语。例如: Is there anything unsolved ? 还有没解决的问题吗? There is something missing . 有东西丢失了。 c、分词短语作定语时,要放在被修饰名词之后,作后置定语。这时的分词短语相当于一个定语从句。例如: Do you know the old woman sitting under the tree ?(=Do you know the old woman who is sitting under the tree ?) 你认识坐在树下的那个老太太吗? There comes a girl dressed in red .(=There comes a girl who is dressed in red .) 一个穿红衣服的女孩走过来了。 2.作表语 分词作表语,相当于形容词。现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的性质或特征,含有“令 人……的”意思。过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的情形或状态,含有“感到……的”意思。例如: The match was very disappointing . 这场比赛令人失望。 They were very disappointed . 他们都非常失望。 3.作补语 (1)作宾语补语 a、分词作宾语补足语,宾语和现在分词(主动意义)有逻辑上的主谓关系,宾语和过去分词 (被动意义)有逻辑上的动宾关系。 分词通常用在see,hear, watch,notice,feel,find等感官动词或have,get,make

现在分词的几种详细用法 (10)

现在分词的七种用法 (一)作定语 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前。The sleeping boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多。例如: Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. 3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开。 Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。This is an English-speaking country. (二)作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。The story is moving. (三)现分在句中作宾语补足语,这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) (四)作状语现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语,如果不是,需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。 1. 作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句。Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday. 2. 作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句。Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when或while。 While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. 3. 作条件状语。 V-ing 形式作条件状语时,相当于一个条件状语从句。Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. 4. 作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句。Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. 作结果状语。He died, leaving nothing but debts. 6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。He sat by the roadside, begging. (五)现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having finished his homework, he left the classroom. (六)现在分词的被动式 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,用V-ing 形式的被动式The factory being built now is a big one. (七)现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。 Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home. 过去分词的用法 一.1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成. (1)_ The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. (2) He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. (3)_The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 过去分词作表语 【注意】过分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)

分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析

分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析 分词做状语,在我们的英语表达里有何用法与见解呢?以下是小编给大家带来分词作状语用法,以供参阅。 英语分词的形式非谓语动词主动形式被动形式意义 现在分词一般式doing being done与句中谓语动作几乎同时发生 完成式having donehaving been done先于句中谓语动作发生,强调时间先后 过去分词done-----------------与句中主语为逻辑上的被动,表完成 英语分词的意义在英语中,分词包括现在分词与过去分词两种形式,即-ing与-ed。一般情况下,从时态和语态两种角度来讲,现在分词表示主动、进行;而过去分词表示被动与完成。 对于分词的含义,我们从以下两组词语为例进行分析: 1)the sinking ship 正在下沉的船fallen leaves 落在地上的树叶\ the boiled water 凉白开水 1)从语态角度来看,现在分词表示主动含义,它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系。the sinking ship 可以改写为the ship that is\ was sinking, 这里的ship相当于sink的逻辑主语。其次,从时态角度看,现在分词一般表示进行的动作,相当于一个进行时态;此外,它还可以表示一般的动作,相当于一个一般的时态。综上,现在分词的意

义有两种:主动进行的动作和主动一般的动作。 2)从语态角度来看,过去分词可以表示被动含义也可以表示主动含义,即动词不同则含义不同。及物动词的过去分词只有被动含义,如the boiled water=the water that was boiled \ the water that has been boiled. 而不及物动词没有被动只有主动,如the sunken ship= the ship that has sunken.但是不及物动词的过去分词出现频率较低,常见的过去分词多为及物动词的过去分词,表达被动含义。其次,从时态角度看,过去分词具有一般动作或完成动作的含义,相当于一般时态或完成时态。不及物动词只具有完成动作。 英语分词作状语的用法分词做状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、伴随、比较。 四、分词作状语的原则:其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。 常见分词作状语的情况举例: 表条件:Given more time, I would be able to complete the work. \ United we stand; divided we fall. (合则兴,分则亡) 表时间:Walking in the street,I saw him. 表原因:Getting hurt badly in the match, he has to stay at home. 表伴随:Watching the TV play, she burst out crying. 表让步:Having lived in China for years, he still cant speak Chinese well. 表结果:I went home, finding the door locked.

过去分词用法详解

过去分词的用法 一、构成:规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的,不规则动词则有各自构成。 二、基本特点:过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点:1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作 三、过去分词的用法: 1.作表语:过去分词作表语时,一般同时具备被动与完成的含义 例如:(1)The cup is broken.(2)He is retired. (3)After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时,已经变成形容词性质,主要表示主语的状态(被动完成),而被动语态则表示动作. 例如:(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2)The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用 -ing 形式来修饰物,表示“令人……” 例如:The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语 作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.

1)单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前,称作前置定语。 例如:We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2)过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。 例如:The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3)过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如:The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情,面貌,举止行为以及感觉等,这时不能用v-ing形式 例如:The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语 作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1)时间状语:A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时,一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。 例如:Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时,通常既表被动又表完成,可用after从句代替,也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。 例如:Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting.

牛津版 第17讲 分词用法详解

授课日期时间主题分词用法详解 学习目标1. 掌握现在分词的不同形式和含义; 2. 掌握现在分词和过去分词作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的差别; 教学内容 1、上次课后巩固作业复习; 2、互动探索。 教学建议: 1. 此环节设计时间在15分钟。 2. 下面是李白-静夜思的两种翻译版本,对比他们在表达上有什么不一样的地方? 3. 通过让学生对比讨论,关注两种版本在表达上的不同,引出本次课的主题,分词的运用。 4. 译文如下: In the Quiet Night So bright a gleam on the foot of my bed; Could there have been a frost already? Lifting my head to look, i found that it was moonlight. Sinking back again, i thought suddenly of my home. Night Thoughts In front of my bed the moonlight is very bright. I wonder if that can be frost on the floor? I lift up my head and look at the full moon, the dazzling moon. I dropped my head, and thin of the home of old days. 生词备注:

gleam n. 微光,闪光 frost n. 霜,冰冻 dazzle v. 使……炫目;使……眼花 现在分词和过去分词的用法 【知识梳理1】现在分词的四种形式 现在分词除了一般式之外,还有完成式和被动式,以动词do为例,现在分词的四种形式见下表: doing being done having done having been done 1) doing:主动/进行 eg. a)I hear someone singing an English song in the next room. Last night, I heard someone singing an English song in the next room. b) The man standing on the platform is waving his hand to us. c) They stood by the roadside, begging. doing所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生,与逻辑主语是主动关系。 2) being done:被动/进行 eg. The problem being discussed is very important. The museum being built there will be open to the public next year. being done所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生,但与逻辑主语是被动关系。 3) having done:主动/完成 eg. Having done his homework, Tim played chess with his friends. Having cleaned the classroom, I went home. having done所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,与逻辑主语是主动关系。 4) having been done:被动/完成 eg. Having been surrounded by the flood for over a week, the villagers lacked food and medicine. Having been shown the library, the visitors were led to the audio-visual lab. having been done所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,与逻辑主语是被动关系。 现在分词doing (主动/进 行) being done (被动/进行)

相关文档
最新文档