英语语法-情态动词

英语语法-情态动词
英语语法-情态动词

情态动词(Model Verbs) 又称为情态助动词(Model Auxil-iaries)。英语中助动词主要有两类:一是基本助动词,如have, do, be;二是情态助动词,如may, must, need等。情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气。情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。在大学英语四、六级考试中,情态动词部分重点测试以下内容:

(1)情态动词+行为动词完成式

(2)情态动词+行为动词进行式

(3)情态动词+行为动词完成进行式

(4)某些情态动词的特殊用法

一、情态动词+行为动词完成式

情态动词+行为动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + v-ed分词”,表示对过去

行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。

1. must have v-ed

must have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。其否定形式为:can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。例如:

1)Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.

2)You couldn’t have met my grandmother. She died before you were born.

2. could have v-ed

could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。例如:

1)“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?”

2)“Tom could have taken it. He was alone yesterday.”

3.may / might have v-ed

may / might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如:

I can’t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.

4. ought to / should have v-ed 和ought not to / shouldn’t have v-ed

ought to / should have v-ed 和ought not to / shouldn’t have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”,分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”。例如:

1)With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.

2)You ought not to make fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.

5. needn’t have v-ed

needn’t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要,意为“本没必要…”。例如:

You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.

注:表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性程度而言,must最大,could 其次,may更次之,might最小。例如:

“I wonder how Tom knew about your past.”

“He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.”

二、情态动词+行为动词进行式

情态动词+行为动词进行式(即情态动词+ be + v-ing形式),表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如:

1)He must be playing basketball in the room.

2)She may be staying at home.

三、情态动词+行为动词完成进行式

情态动词+行为动词完成进行式(即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式),表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如:

1)They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.

2)He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.

四、某些情态动词的特殊用法

1. need

考试中主要测试need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别,对此,可参见表

1.need 作情态动词时,后面跟不带to 的动词不定式,即“need to”。通常用在疑问句和否定句中,表示

询问是否有“必要”,其否定形式为needn’t,表示“不必”;疑问形式为Need … do? 极少用于肯定句。例如:

1)I don’t think we need turn the light on at that time.

2)Need you ride a bike to school?

情态动词need与实义动词need 在时态、肯定、否定结构上的对比见表1。

2. dare

考试中主要测试dare作情态动词和作实义动词的区别。

情态动词dare 与实义动词dare 在时态、肯定、否定、疑问结构上的对比见表2。

3. can 和may

考试中主要测试can,may或could,might表示可能性的区别及对may构成的疑问句的回答。

时态情态动词need实义动词need

现You need (not) do You (don’t) need to do

时He need (not) do He needs (doesn’t need) to do

过You needed (didn’t need) to do

时He needed (didn’t need) to do

将You need (not) do You will (not) need to do

时He need (not) do He will (not) need to do

句型时态动词

情态动词dare实义动词dare

肯定句现在时dare to 少用dare/dares to do

过去时dare to 少用dared to do

否定句现在时daren’t/dare not do do/does not dare (to) do

过去时dared not do did not dare (to) do

疑问句现在时Dare he do?Do you/Does he dear (to) do?

过去时Dared he do?Did he dare (to) do

(1)can, could, may, might都可以表示可能性.can, could表示潜在的可能性或理论上或逻辑判断上存在的可能性;而may, might则表示事实上的可能性。此外,can还具有“有能力”的意思,而may与might则不具此意。例如:

1)According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.

2) Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong.

(2)May I / we …?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mu stn’t. 例如:

“May we leave now?” “No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet.”

4. can 和be able to

can 与be able to 都可以表示能力,但两者在用法上有点差异:can (could)表示主观能力,不表示意愿,它的将来时用will be able to; be able to表示主观意愿,强调要克服困难去做某事。例如:

1)My grandma is over seventy, but she can still read without glasses.

2)He is able to give up his bad habits.

5. must 和have to

must 和have to 都可以表示“必须”,但有几点区别:

(1)must 强调“内在的职责”、“义务”,而have to 强调“外界压力”、“不得已而为之”。

(2)have to可用于多种时态,而must一般用于现在时,其过去时与将来时分别由had to 与shall / will have to代替。

(3)在回答must引起的问题时,如果是否定的答复,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t 或don’t have to,因为mustn’t是“一定不要”、“一定不能”的意思。例如:

1)You must come to the classroom before eight.

2)It is raining hard outside, but I have to leave now.

3)“Must we do it now?” “No, you needn’t.”

6. used to +v, be used to +v-ing和be used to +v

(1)used to +v意为“过去常常”,“过去一直”;be used to +v-ing /

n(名词)意为“习惯于”;be used to +v意为“被用来(做某事)”。

(2)used to只表示过去,而be used to +v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将来。例如:

1)He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t.

2)He’s quite u sed to hard work / working hard.

3)The knife is used to cut bread.

7.用作情态动词的其他短语

would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情态动词。例如:

1)The soldier would sooner die than surrender.

2)The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.

3)I’d rather walk than take a bus.

4)If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.

注:这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引导的从句,that 常省去,从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时,对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如:

1)I would rather you came on Sunday.

2)I would sooner you hadn’t asked me to speak yesterday.

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初中英语语法情态动词用法大全

情态动词 有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 情态动词 句和疑问句中表示请求,允许,意为“能够” could 是can 的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的水平在疑问句中表示委婉请求 may 表示请求、许可,意为“能够”表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许” might 是may的过去式,表推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、应该”表有把握的推测,用语肯定句dare 表示敢于,主要用于否定句和疑问句中 should 意为“应该”,表示要求和命令表示劝告、建议 had better 意为“最好”,表示建议 used to意为“过去常常,表示过去的动作、行为 考点一情态动词知识清单 情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没哟人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 1. can 的用法 (1)表示水平、许可、可能性。表示水平时一般译为“能、会”,即有种水平,尤其是生来具备的水平,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。(2)表示可能、能够。如:I can finish it in an hour. (3)表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary. (4)表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t 译为“不可能”。 2.could的用法 (1)can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的水平。 (2)could 在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时没有过去式的意思。 3.may的用法 (1)表示请求、许可,比can 正式, (2)表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。 (3)may的过去式为might ,表示推测时。可能性低于may 。 4. must的用法 (1)must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”。 (2)其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要”“千万别”“禁止, 不许”.(3)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to . (4)must 表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。当must 表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。 She must have finished writing, hasn’t she? 5. need的用法 (1)need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“没有必要,不必”。用need 提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t。如:----Need I stay here any longer? ----Yes, you must .-----No. you needn’t . (2) need 还能够作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,后边多接动词不定式。 6. dare 的用法dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need,有两种词性: (1)dare 作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。 (2)dare 作为实义动词,此时有人称、数即时态的变化。注意:在口语中,dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。Do you dare tell her what I said? 7. shall 的用法 (1)shall 表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称), Shall we go out for a walk? (2)表示决心、警告、命令(多用于第二、三人称), No one shall bring your beepers or mobile phones in the exam. 8. should的用法 (1) should 意为“应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。We should protect the environment. (2) should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”,常用于口语中。Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗? (3)Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。 You should have finished your homework. 9. will 的用法 will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。 I will help you if I’m free this afternoon. 10. had better 的用法 had better 意为“最好”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to 的不定式,其否定形式为:had better not。 We had better go now. You had better not give the book to him. 考点二含有情态动词的疑问句 1. 由can、may、must构成的疑问句 (1)句式:Can/ May/ Must…+ 主语+动词原形+….?如:Can you repair the car? Could he be a good student? May I borrow your ruler?Must we clean the room now? (2)对may 引出的问句,能够有下列回答方式:Yes, of course. Yes, certainly.Sure.No, you mustn’t.No, you can’t. (3)对must引出的疑问句,回答为:Yes, …must.No,…needn’t/don’t have to. 2. will,would,shall 的用法 (1)will 在一般疑问句中表示客气的“请求、劝说”。would 是will 的过去式,语气更加客气、委婉。Would you show me your picture book? Will you please give me a call? (2)对will/ would you…的回答方式有以下几种:Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)All right.Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please. (3)shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种:Yes, please.All right. No, thank you. 考点三不同情态动词的否定意义也不同 1. (1)can’t可译为“不会”,如:I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。(2)当句子表推测时,用can’t表达不可能,He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.(3)can’t还可用来回答“ May I …?”这样的问句。May I come in ?No, you mustn’t. / can’t.(4)can’t还可用于固定习语中。She can’t help crying. 2.may 的否定式为may not ,译成“可能不”,He may not be at home. 3.(1)mustn’t表示不许,不可。He mustn’t leave his room.

最新初中英语语法知识—情态动词的图文答案(1)

一、选择题 1.-Could you help me with my English homework, Nancy? -Of course I____________. Glad to help. A.could B.can C.must D.do 2.-Listen! A wolf is crying! -It _______ be a wolf, because a wolf never comes out at this time. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.d on’t 3.(2018·山东临沂) Could you please speak a little louder? I ______ hear you very well. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t 4.Look at the sign! It says “No Smoking!” You ________ smoke here. It’s dangerous. A.mustn’t B.ought not to C.needn’t D.don’t ha ve to 5.―I didn’t pass the driving test again. ―Don't worry. Just like the weather, life be beautiful all the time. A.can't B.needn't C.shouldn't D.mustn't 6.You______ worry about your lessons. Be careful next time and you will get a good mark. A.do n’t need to B.not need C.needn’t to D.don’t need 7.A: Is Jim coming by train? B: I’m not sure. He _______ drive his car. A.must B.may C.need D.should 8.From March 23rd, 2013, anyone under the age of 14 ________ go into Disneyland alone. A.couldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.mightn’t 9.— Mom, I got a big box from express(快递). What is it? —I’m not sure. It ________be a present from your grandmother. A.should B.might C.must D.will 10.—Must I finish the work today, Mum? —No, you ________.You can finish it tomorrow. A.mustn't B.can't C.shouldn't D.needn't 11.—Susan, someone is waiting for you on the phone. It_______ be your sister, but I’m not sure.—Oh, please tell her to call me_______ because I’m busy now. A.might; later B.must; later C.might; late D.must; late 12.---You look very pretty, if I say so. ---Thanks a lot for saying that. A.must B.may C.will D.have to 13.One ______ easily lose his way when he visits or comes to a new place. A.may B.must C.need D.should 14.Since the road is muddy,it ________last night, ________? A.must be rained; wasn’t it B.must have rained; didn’t it

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