直接引语变间接引语讲解与练习
直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）讲解与练习
一．讲解：
在复合句中，作宾语的句子（主谓结构）就叫宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。变化时应注意以下几点：
1．引导词（连词）
①如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，引导词用that, that没有实际意义，口语或非
正式文体中常省略 He said, “My mother is a doctor.”→He said (that) his mother
was a doctor.
②如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用if。不能省略“Are you
English” He asked me→He asked me if I was English.
③如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用特殊疑问句的疑问词，如：what
when where which who how等，这些词有意义，不能省略：eg “How old are you ” He
asked me→He asked me how old I was.
二．间接引语的宾语从句中，引导词之后都必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语…），肯定式的宾语从句不用助动词do(did或does) .
She asked, “What does he want”→She asked what he wanted.
He asked me ,“Do you like English”→He asked me if I liked English.
三．时态的变化：
1.如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。基本
原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，现在进行时变成过
去进行时，一般将来时变成过去将来时eg:
① He asked me, “Do you have a dictionary”→He asked me if I had a dictionary.
② She asked, “What is Tom doing →She asked what Tom was doing.
③ She said ,“I will leave a message on his desk.”→She said that she would leave
a message on his desk.
2.如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理，自然现象。则无论主句用什么时态，间接引语中的宾
语从句一律使用现在时。eg:① The teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the
sun.”→The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun② He said, “Light
travels faster than sound. ”→He said that light travels faster than sound.
四．人称的变化与汉语中的情况大体相同，指示代词，时间状语和动词的变化见课本第99页的表格。
五．练习：Ⅰ选择填空。
( ) said that he ________speak a little English when he was five.
A is able to
B able
C could
D can
( ) tell me where _______have our picnic tomorrow。
A we will
B will we
C you are
D will you
( ) you hear________ clearly
A what he said
B what he says
C what did he say
D how did he said
( ) wanted to know why _______up late.
A did she get
B she got
C does she get
D she gets
( ) you tell me ________from your house to the factory
A how far it is
B it is how far
C how far it was
D how far is it
( ) you tell me if it _________ tomorrow
A rain
B will rain
C raining
D rains
( ) asked me ________ English.
A if I likes
B if I liked
C that I like
D that I liked
( ) teacher told us the earth ________around the sun.
A goes
B go
C went
D going
( ) you remember what________________ when I came in
A Tom is doing
B Tom was doing
C is Tom doing
D was Tom doing
( ) asked how many pictures_______。
A did they draw
B do they draw
C they will draw
D they would draw
( ) asked if the teacher ________them some songs the next week.
A would teach
B had taught
C will teach
D taught
( ) asked me if I ________in Shanghai.
A live
B lived
C is living
D will live
Ⅱ．句型转换。
1. I don’t know what to say.
I don’t know ________ ________ ________ ________.
2. “What’s your favorite color” she asked me.
She asked me what ________ favorite color _________.
3. “What are you doing” Jim asked me.
Jim asked me ________ ________ ________ __________.
4 Tom said to me, “You are a good student.”
Tom told me ________ ________ ________ a good student.
5He said , “I will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.”
He said that he ________ ________ to the Great Wall _______ ________ ______.
6“Do you like playing football.” She asked me.
She asked me ________ ________ ________ playing football.
7“I can’t work out this math problem.” Tom said.
Tom said that ________ ________ work out ____________ math problem.
8 He asked Jim, “ Where does your pen pal come from”
He asked Jim __________ __________ pen pal __________ from.
9. Mary asked Gina, “ Are you ill”
Mary asked Gina _________ ________ __________ ill.
10. Tom said to me , “Pass the ball to me.”
Tom ________me ________ ________ the ball to _________.
四、专项练习
1. The new comer asked the librarian ____ he could take the book out of the library.
A. if
B. when
C. what
D. which
2. Did you ask me who _____ next day
A. will come
B. came
C. comes
D. would come
3. – Mike didn’t tell us ____ he was leaving that day.
– I know. By air.
A. when
B. how
C. why
D. whether
4. – Hurry to the safety!
–What You ordered us _____ to the safety.
A. hurry
B. hurrying
C. hurried
D. to hurry
5. – What does it say
– It says that it _______ from 8 to 10.
A. is open
B. opened
C. is close
D. closed
(一) 用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. – Tom looks __________. (sleep) Why – He worked too late yesterday.
2. Let’s check up whether our ________ is ok. (record)
3. The travel agency has made an __________ plan for us. ( excite)
4. His little girl hasn’t come back yet so he is _________ about her. (worry)
5. They didn’t give any _____________ until we asked lawyers for some help. (explain)
6. Nobody trusts him. We know he hasn’t told the _________. (true)
7. She feels ________ if someone misunderstands her.( happy)
8. Do you think Pirates of Caribbean is an _________ movie (enjoy)
9. It is _____________ for young children to talk with strangers. (danger)
(二) 填入适当的词组完成句子。
1. ask 1) Stop! Don’t __________ troubles.
2) His parents are always ________________ his study.
2. agree 1) I am afraid I can't ______________ her.
2) Do you think he will________ take part in our volunteer activity
3) After a serious discussion, they ____________a new price for cars.
3. arrive 1) I will call you back as soon as I ___________ Tokyo.
2) After many hours’ talk, the committee ____________ a decision. 4. allow All the students are not _________________ bring MP4 here.
5. add 1) I’d like to _____ something important ____ your plan.
2) –How much is the cost
– Including meals it will __________ to $120 per day.
(三) 根据中文提示，完成句子。
1. 我不明白为什么他从未谈到过他的家人。
I wonder why he has never ______ _______ ______ ___________.
2. 我过去怕蛇。
I used to _____ _________ _____ _________ .
3. 他告诉我他祖父经常一个人去旅游。
He told me his grandpa often went ___________ ________.
4. 我认为他不会记得曾经给过我微笑。
I don’t think he could _________ ___________ ____ _____.
5. Tom什么也没说，就离开了房间。
Tom left away from the room, __________ _____ _______.
6. 当我经过她房间时，听见她在弹钢琴。
As I passed her room, I _____ ______ ___________ _____ __________.
7. 在我13岁时，我妈妈送给我一个重要的礼物。
When I was 13 years old, my mother ______ _____ _____ ____________ __.
8. 她甜美的微笑能让我感到快乐，温暖和自信。
Her sweet smile can _________ ____ __________ , ________ and confident.
9. 你知道那边发生什么事了这么吵!
Do you know _______ _______________ ______ _____. It is too noisy.
10. 他要求每个人都要带雨衣。
He asked everyone ____ ________ ____ ____________.
（答案：Ⅰ.1-6 CAABAB 7-12 BABDAB Ⅱ.1 what I should say 2. my was
3. what I was doing
4. that I was
5. would go the next/following day
6. if I liked
7. he couldn’t that
8. where his came
9. if she was 10. told to pass him
答案： 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A
(一)1. sleepy 2. recording 3. exciting 4. worried 5. explanation
6. truth
7. unhappy
8. enjoyable
9. dangerous
(二)1. 1) ask for 2) asking about 2. 1) agree to 2) agree to 3) agreed on
3. 1) arrive 2) arrived at
4. allowed to
5. 1) add to 2) add up
(三)1. 我不明白为什么他从未谈到过他的家人。
I wonder why he has never talked about his family.
2. 我过去怕蛇。 I used to be afraid of snakes.
3. 他告诉我他祖父经常一个人去旅游。
He told me his grandpa often went traveling alone.
4. 我认为他不会记得曾经给过我微笑。
I don’t think he could remember smiling at me.
5. Tom什么也没说，就离开了房间。
Tom left away from the room, without a word.
6. 当我经过她房间时，听见她在弹钢琴。
As I passed her room, I heard her playing the piano.
7. 在我13岁时，我妈妈送给我一个重要的礼物。
When I was 13 years old, my mother gave me an important gift.
8. 她甜美的微笑能让我感到快乐，温暖和自信。
Her sweet smile can make me feel happy, warm and confident.
9. 你知道那边发生什么事了这么吵!
Do you know what has happened/ is happening over there It is too noisy.
10. 他要求每个人都要带雨衣。
He asked everyone to take a raincoat.