(完整word版)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气
1. 语气的定义和种类
（1）语气的定义
语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
（2）语气的种类
A. 陈述语气
表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
We are not ready.
Did it rain all day yesterday?
What a fine day today！
B. 祈使语气
表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
Be careful.
Don’t forget to clo se the window.
Open the door, please.
C. 虚拟语气
表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
2. 虚拟语气
一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如：
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。
Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。
虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。
如：
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）
If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。
（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）
2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。
如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）
If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning.
今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。
（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。）
3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)；should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形，主句用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。
如：If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.
明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。
（事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。）
If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试一次。
（事实是：有可能失败，可我会再试。表示未知。）
虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”，而是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。
如：If we caught the early train, we’d get there by lunch time.
假如我们赶上早班火车，到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。(表希望)
If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station.
假如我们赶不上这班火车，我们就得在车站等一小时。（表不希望）
4. 混合型的条件句
当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。
He would pass the test if he had taken my advice．如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。
If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.
假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.
假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。
如条件从句用if I were...，主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式。
如：If I were not busy, I would have come.
假如我不忙，我就会去了。(were表过去)
If I were you, I would go.
假如我是你，我会去的。(were表现在)
二. 连词if的省略（倒装）
如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should 放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。
Had you not helped me，I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。
Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。
Shoul d they attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely.
假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。
例：1. _________ he would have succeeded in the examination.
A. Had he worked hard
B. If he worked hard
C. If he works hard
D. If he has worked hard
2. _______ it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
A. Should
B. Be
C. Were
D. Will
3. _______, he would teach us how to solve the problem.
A. Were he here
B. Was he here
C. If he is
D. Is he here
4. _________, we should be glad.
A. Were they to arrive tomorrow
B. They were to arrive tomorrow
C. They would arrive tomorrow
D. They arrive tomorrow
5. _______ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.
A .Were it not for B. If it had not been for
C. If it were not
D. Had it not been for
答案：1—5 AAAAA
三. 含蓄条件句
虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。
1) 条件暗含在短语中。
如：But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.
如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(暗含在分词短词but for your help)
What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在介词短语without you 中)
It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。
(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中)
This same thing, happening in wartime, amount to disaster.
同样的事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime 中)
He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone)
2) 条件暗含在上下文中。
如：You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to) We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)
Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含if you should accept it)
3) 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。
如：You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。
I would like to come. 我愿意来。
四. 不用if引导的条件从句
虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用if引外，还可用when, unless, lest, suppose, as if, for fear, in case, on condition 等词语来引导。
如：The peasants prepared to feed the city when it should be freed.
农民已准备在这座城市解放后供给粮食。
Lest you should not have heard all, I shall begin at the beginning.
我怕你没有听全，所以我再从头开始讲一遍。
Unless I were well, I wouldn’t be at school. 除非我好了，否则我不会上学。
Suppose you were given a chance to study in America , would you accept?
假如给你一个到美国学习的机会，你会接受吗？（suppose 或supposing =what if）Supposing it were so？（=Supposing it were so，what would happen？）
要是这样的话，会怎么样呢？
He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow.
如果明天能还回来，他就可以借用这辆自行车。
In case I forget , please remind me of my promise 如果我忘了，请提醒我的诺言。
Susan is walking slowly ,as if she were tired. 苏珊走得很慢，就像是累了似的。
与if一样，上述词语所引导的条件从句亦可用直陈语气，表可能实现或发生的事。
虚拟语气补充讲解（第二课时）
虚拟语气除主要用于条件句（也就是状语从句）外，还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。
1. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
“常用在It is (was)+形容词/ 过去分词+that引导的主语从句”的句型中的主语从句要用虚拟语气。主语从句的谓语用should+动词原形(或should+have+过去分词)或只用动词原形(尤其是美国英语)。should在此是助动词，本身并无实义，这种主语从句中的should有时有感情色彩。
It's important that we（should）work out a plan. （带有“要求”的含义）
It's better that he go at once. （带有“建议”的意思）
☆用于本句型的形容词并不多，常见形容词有：necessary，important，best, right, impossible，preferable，desirable, imperative, advisable，essential，reserved，urgent，等。
It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．
It's strange that he should say so.
I was glad that he should go.
It is important that we should speak politely.
It is a pity that she should fare so badly.
It's right that you should think that way.
☆用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，settled, required，requested，demanded，urged，decided, proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。
It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture．
It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．
I’m ashamed you should have done such a thing.
It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off．有人建议推迟会议。
It is settled that you leave us, then?
注意：这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week. 他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明，这是很重要的。句型总结：
It is necessary that…
It is important that…
It is natural that…
It is strange that…
It is surprising that…
It is impossible that…
It is great pity that…
It will be better that…
It is suggested that…
It is ordered that….
It is demanded that…
2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1). 宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气，作为suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等动词的宾语。
如：
The doctor suggested that he not go there．医生建议他不要去那里。
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。
例：1. The teacher insisted that every student _______ every other line.
A. writes
B. write
C. would write
D. wrote
2. Jack’s father insists ______ in this hotel.
A. not staying B not to stay
C. that he not stay
D. staying not
3. They insisted that you _______ them a quick answer.
A. should give
B. gave
C. must give
D. would give
4. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _______ the rules.
A. obeys
B. obey
C. will obey
D. would obey
答案：1—4 BCAB
注：1）、suggest 为“建议去做…; 命令…”从句用should + do
为“ 说明；暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。
1. The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.
2. The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.
3. The expression on her face suggests that she knew the secret.
4. They suggested that these books ______ at once.
A. should take away
B. would be taken away
C. be taken away
D. take away
5. I suggested a meeting _______ to discuss the matter.
A. will be held
B. would be held
C. should hold
D. be held
6. His silence at the meeting suggested ________ to your plan.
A. didn’t agree
B. hadn’t agreed
C. wouldn’t agree
D. shouldn’t agree
答案：4—6 CDA
2）、insist “坚持要去做…，坚持应该去做”，从句用should + do
为“坚持表明，坚持说/解释”，从句用过去时或过去完成时。
1. She insisted that she ______ ill of him behind him, but he didn’t believe.
A. hadn’t spoken
B. shouldn’t speak
C. wouldn’t speak
D. not speak
2. He insisted that we ______ the boy to hospital.
A. take
B. took
C. would take
D. will take
3. He insisted that he _______ our car.
A. should steal
B. would steal
C. hadn’t stolen
D. steal
4. The teacher commanded that all his students ______ their homework after class.
A. would hand in
B. should hand in
C. handed in
D. might hand in
5. The workers requested that their working conditions ______.
A. must be improved
B. be improved
C. would be improved
D. were improved
6. They required that the crops _______ harvested at once.
A. should be
B. be
C. are
D. must be
答案：1—6 BACBBA
2). wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。
☆从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表示现在的愿望（与现在事实相反），虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。
I wish it were true．我但愿这是真的。
☆从句的谓语动词还可用“could（would，might）+动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望
I wish you would stay a little longer.我希望你再待一会儿。
☆表示无能为力的过去愿望（与过去事实相反），可用“had +过去分词”或“could （would，might）+have+过去分词”
I wish you had called yesterday．我希望你昨天来过电话。
We wish you had come to our New Year’s party.我们真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。例：7. I wish I _______ you yesterday.
A. saw
B. did see
C. had seen
D. were to see
8. —Have you visited the Science Museum?
—No, but I really wish I _______.
A. will
B. have
C. did
D. had
9. I wish that the rain ______ stop.
A. will
B. would C may D. can
答案：7—9 CDB
3). would rather, would sooner等表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。
☆表示与现在和将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式
☆用过去完成式(had + 过去分词)表示过去事实相反的含义
I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。
I’d sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else.我宁愿她把重活留给别人。
4). 有些动词，如think, expect, believe,其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should+动词原形。如：
I never thought he should refuse.我万没有想到他会拒绝。
She did not expect that you should come.她没有预料你会来。
3. 虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用
名词suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主语，其后的表语从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气，用should +动词原形或省略should。
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them.
我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。
My advice is that you (should) treat her well.我的忠告是你应该善待她。
He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once.
他提出一个要求，要求她立刻离开这个地方。
My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.
我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。
注意：虚拟语气也可以用于同位语从句。
如：There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
4. 虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用
常用在It is time (that)…句型中，定语从句常用虚拟过去式
It is time the children went to bed.孩子们早该上床睡觉了。（表示催促）
It's high time that he began to think how to deal with money.
他早该开始考虑如何与钱打交道。
It is time we left.我们该走了。
It is time we went to bed.我们该去睡觉了。
5. 虚拟式动词原形亦常用在独立句中，表愿望
Long live the Communist Party of China！中国共产党万岁！
God bless you! 上帝保佑你。
God damn it! 该死的！
The devil take you! 见鬼去吧！
So be it then. 就那样吧。
6. 虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系：从句中的虚拟时态往往不受全句谓语时态的影响。
1) 用于主语从句。试比较：
It is important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
It was important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
2) 用于宾语从句。试比较：
I suggest that we should go tomorrow.我建议我们明天走。
I suggested that we should go the next day.我建议我们第二天走。
She said, “If I were a boy I would join the army.”她说，“我如是男孩，就参军。”
She said that if she were a boy, she would join the army.她说她如是男孩就参军。
但强调现在时刻的虚拟式在间接引语中需要遵守时态一致的原则。试比较：
“If I knew how it worked, I could tell you what to do,” he said.
“假如我知道它是如何运行的话，我就会告诉你该怎么办，”他说道。
He said that if he had known how it worked he could have told me what to do.
他说假如他知道它是如何运行的话，他就会告诉我该怎么办。
“If I knew the answer to all your questions I'd be a genius,” he said.
“我如知道你所有问题的答案，我就是天才了。”他说道。
He said that if he knew the answer to al l my questions, he’d be a genius.
他说他如知道我所有问题的答案，他就是天才了。
但如果全句谓语是虚拟语气，其后从句的时态则多受其影响，现在时态应随之而变为过去时态。
如：I would think he was wrong.我看他是错了。(须用was,试比较：I think he is wrong)
It would seem that she was right. 她似乎是对的。(须用was,试比较：It seems that she is right) 专项训练：
1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.
A. have read
B. had read
C. should have read
D. are reading
2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.
A. come; would meet
B. had come; would have met
C. come; will meet
D. had come; would meet
3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.
A. should be
B. would be
C. have been
D. had been
4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak
B. spoke
C. will speak
D. to speak
5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.
A. was
B. Were
C. has been
D. had been
6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____.
A. have laid there for two hours
B. have been lied there for two hours
C. have lied there for two hours
D. have lain there for two hours
7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.
A. went
B. could go
C. have gone
D. could have gone
8.Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel?
A. will you
B. should you
C. would you
D. do you
9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
A. knew
B. knows
C. has known
D. had known
10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school.
A. Because of
B. In spite of
C. In case of
D. But for
11.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.
A. would meet
B. would had met
C. would have met
D. would have meet
12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.
A. teaches
B. will teach
C. has taught
D. would teach
13.I would have told him the answer, had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then.
A. had been
B. were
C. was
D. would be
14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____.
A. should fall behind
B. fell behind
C. may fall behind
D. would fallen behind
15.If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.
A. had rained
B. would have rained
C. have seen
D. rained
16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.
A. should
B. would
C. do
D. had
17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there.
A. not went
B. won’t go
C. not go
D. not to go
18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.
A. had had
B. have had
C. had
D. would have had
19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike?
A. decided against
B. will decide against
C. have decided
D. shall decide against
20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.
A. go to sleep
B. went to sleep
C. go to bed
D. went to bed
21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car?
—I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.
A. had
B. have had
C. would have
D. had had
22.If she could sew, _____.
A. she make a dress
B. she would have made a shirt
C. she will make a shirt
D. she would had made a coat
23._____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave
B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave
D. If he leaves
24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad.
A. will take
B. would take
C. take
D. took
25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,_____ at the station.
A. we’d meet them
B. we’ll meet them
C. we’d have met them
D. we’ve met them
26.If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A. was; shall pay
B. am; will pay
C. would be; would pay
D. were; would pay
27.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.
A. have not given
B. would not give
C. had not given
D. did not give
28.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has
B. had
C. have
D. will have
29.It is strange that he _____ so.
A. would say
B. would speak
C. should say
D. will speak
30.Had I known her name, _____
A. or does she know mine?
B. and where does she live?
C. she would be beautiful.
D. I would have invited her to lunch.
31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that.
A. know
B. knows
C. known
D. knew
32.If I _____ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.
A. possessed
B. owned
C. had
D. had had
33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come
B. came
C. would have come
D. will come
34.The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.
A. will take
B. took
C. take
D. takes
35.I left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early.
A. didn’t leave
B. hadn’t left
C. haven’t left
D. couldn’t leave
36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time.
A. had
B. didn’t have
C. had had
D. have
37.I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.
A. hadn’t
B. didn’t have had
C. hadn’t had
D. hadn’t have
38.He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o’clock.
A. be
B. to be
C. would be
D. shall be
39.Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____.
A. she’s gone
B. she’ll go
C. she’d gone
D. she’d go
答案：
1—5 BBDAD 6—10 DDCAD11—15 CDCAA6—20 ACAAD
21—25 DBCCC 26—30 DCCCD31—35 DDCCB 36—39 DCAC
解析：
1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。
3.as if后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。
4.It is important that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。
5.as if后面是真实情况，不虚拟。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/d516717937.html,in是lie的过去分词，表示“躺”。
7.could have done表示“本来可以”。
8.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。
9.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。
10.but for表示“要不是……的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。
11.in advance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。
13.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。
14.for fear that后面的状语从句用sb. should do的形式。
15.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。
16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb. should do的形式。
17.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
18.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
19.would rather的宾语从句用sb. did的形式。
20.It is time后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。
21.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
22.would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。
23.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if去掉，助动词提前。
24.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。
26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。
27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
28.require后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
29.It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。
30.had I known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。
31.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。
32.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
33.otherwise经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。
34.当insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。
35.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
36.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。
37.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
38.当insist表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。
39.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解大全
高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解 虚拟语气 什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。 虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟小简老师的步伐哦！ 一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do
If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示与将来事实相反的情况
虚拟语气详解
虚拟语气详解 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。 虚拟语气大体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~ （1）be型虚拟（基本是套路） 形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略 用法：1）表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等 最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟 例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed. The manager suggested that we (should) work together. 注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句 例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句) We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句) 只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！ 特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲，insist 作“坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点，体会下面两组句子： We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。 Her expression suggests that she is angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。 She insisted that we should find the source of the river. 她坚持主张我们应该找到河的源头。 She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 她坚持说自己没做错事。 suggest 的区别很明显，但insist有点难辨别，一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张，或是坚持要做一件事，那么用虚拟。 2）表示主观看法，常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。。。怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“ it is +名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中，常见的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等 例如：It is advisable that you (should) leave now. It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities. It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banned in public area.
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学设计
高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学：The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课，授课内容为虚拟语气，授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评，大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习，学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识，复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如：I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等，并学习新的表达形式如：The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是，学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后，要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一，多数学生感到费解，因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用，并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式，有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1．知识与技能 1）复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型： I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式，尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达，特别是主句与从句时态的呈现；还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词，如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3）培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2．过程与方法 1）引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中，开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。
高中英语虚拟语气详解和练习(含答案解析)
虚拟语气 第一节语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 第二节虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 第三节虚拟语气在条件句中 １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． ２．在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式． If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
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英语虚拟语气讲解
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高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题及解析 一、选择题 1．I insisted he______ back the wallet to the lady, but he insisted he______it. A．handed; didn’t steal B．hand; hadn’t stolen C．hand; not steal D．handed; hadn’t stolen 2．Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life _____ so colorful nowadays. A．won’t be B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．can’t be 3．This winter vacation, my family are going to visit the Great Wall, but I would rather we ________ to Shanghai Disneyland. A．go B．had gone C．would go D．went 4．The requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1, 2019 on. A．shall B．should C．can D．may 5．What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A．be made B．will be made C．would be made D．has to be made 6．I wish I ________ an architect because then I ________ be able to design my own house. A．am, will be B．were, would C．will be, could D．was, could 7．How I wish I ______ my mouth before I shouted at my mum! A．shut B．have shut C．had shut D．would shut 8．That was not the first time he ____ us. I think it's high time we ____ strong actions against him. A．betrayed, take B．had betrayed, took C．has betrayed, took D．has betrayed, take 9．Studies show that historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments, the development of the company would already be way ahead. A．were it not for B．if there being no C．hadn't it been for D．if it is not for 10．The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A．printed B．had been printed C．would been printed D．be printed 11．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better. A．need have done B．must have done C．can have done D．might have done 12．If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ.
非常详细的虚拟语气讲解资料
虚拟语气 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。 2、用动词原形。例如： (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！ (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） (1).God save me． (2).Heaven help us． 四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！ 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。 (1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。如： (1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。 (2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。 第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clause)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）： 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party, she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)