托福独立写作：如何快速确定论点(傅老师)

在学习了托福写作考试的满分要求和研读官方范文之后，本周的写作课我们正式进入到实战阶段。(作者：傅文薰莘美教育专注于美国高中留学)根据我长时间的教学经验和观察，初学独立写作的同学们主要表现出以下几个弱点：

1. 思维跳跃，导致文章层次感和整体感差

2. 举例泛泛，缺少细节

3. 词汇和句式不够丰富

今天我们就来针对第一个问题，探讨一些解决办法。一般拿到一个独立写作的作文命题，同学们多少对这个题目都有自己的观点，也就是有话可说。而写作的第一步就是确定一个中心和两到三个论点。我们以官指题库的一道题为例：

It has been said, “Not every thing that is learned is contained in books.”Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

题目要求比较从书本上学到的知识和从经验中学到的知识，并谈谈自己认为哪一个更重要。有同学马上说经验学习更重要，于是我请他说一些论点来支持他所选

的一方。这位同学想了想，说：论点就是When you fall in danger , you can not apply the knowledge or skill that you learned from book immediately. ( 当你陷入危险的时候，你不可能马上用到书本上学到的知识或技能。)这个想法不错，

也有可能是同学看到这道题之后的第一反应。但是这句话所表明的是一个具体情况（陷入危险的时候），所以它在作文里更应该被用作一个含有细节的论据，而不能作为论点放在某一主体段的句首。那么，如果我们在寻找论点时，想起来的却是一些具体情况或事例，应该如何应对呢？从这个事例中提炼出一个论点！

如上例，学生想表达的意思也许就是Knowledge learned through direct experience is more practical than theories from books. （通过经验直接学到的

知识比书本上的理论要更实用）。然后再用假设的方法，说明遇到危险时是一个很好的实例。在强调用例子支持观点的同时，也不要忽略从实例中提取有概括性的论点句，做到文章的脉络鲜明，每一段都具有层次感。

另外有一些题目会令初学的同学找不到足够的论点。比如这个题：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should give the same amount of money to their students’ sports activities as they give to their university libraries. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. (大学应该给体育活动和图书馆相等的投资，你是否同意此观点并说出理由和细节)

遇到同意与否的观点题，我们尽量采取倾向一边的写法，使得中心鲜明，论点充分。

拿到这个题目，有喜爱运动的男同学立即说：当然是支持投资sports activities.

原因是这会使学生有更多的锻炼机会。好，这个论点做到了简洁，概括。但是还有其他的理由来支持体育一方吗？同学们想不出来了。其实在托福考试中这是一个比较常见的话题：资金分配问题。遇到这样的题，我们往往有一些常见的思路：比如，我们可以先从某一项事业本身说起：开展体育活动本身需要大量的资金，因为要买器材，维修，建造场地等等。然后扩展到这项事业对相关人员的好处，这道题就可以如同学所说，体育活动让学生有更多机会锻炼，有益身体健康。最后一个论点可以再把受益人的范围扩大，谈谈发展体育运动给大学带来的好处，比如吸引学生，带来很好的声誉。这样，三个论点就自然的形成了递进的关系，层层深入，若再加上词汇和语句的雕琢，文章就不怕没有层次，组

织混乱了。同学们可以试试看，如果是支持建造library,是否也能按照上面的方法，轻松的找出论点呢？

托福写作十大万能理由词汇

十大万能理由词汇 Money： budget， a tight budget， income， revenue， expenditure，financial aid， finance，investment， overdraft, bankrupt， go broken， expensive，extravagant，costly，luxurious，money-consuming，exorbitant，money-oriented， affordable， be short of， burn money，foreign currency，jobless, Laid-off worker，limited public funds， miserable， poverty line，profitable， run out of， shortage，starvation，taxpayer， welfare， slaves of money, M oney is the root of evil, red packets, pocket money, Time: Squeeze/spare time， time-consuming，time-saving, a waste of time and resources, precious, fleeting, limited, critical, decisive, Every second counts Each moment in history is a fleeting time, precious and unique. Delay breed dangers We usually take it for granted and let the time pass by minute by minute Many things we can obtain more than once, but wasted time can never be gained again The value of time exceeds that of money Time is often neglected by men, since time is an visible thing Intellect:

托福作文写作论据例子

1.Should teacher help with self-confident or specific knowledge? My opinion: 1. Confident would play high effect on give rise to motivation of study. 2 Student would have positive impress on study for extended study life 3 Self-confident could promote ability of student, innovation is needed. Disagree; 1 Specific knowledge definitely during period of education will enrich their time 2 Specific knowledge is the strength of evidence where self-confident emerges. 3 specific knowledge will be the goal for education on purpose. 2 achieving success or having delight and optimistic mood, which is more important? My opinion: 1 Success would contribute you own self-confident for the motivation of next challenge. 2 Success would help you get reward and celebrity, which may encourage you. 3 Success is the summary of your hard working, of which would imprint experience for your whole life. Disagree: 1. Optimistic mood would be continuous and prolonged for dream of success. 2 Optimistic reveals one’s healthy psychology for perfect life 3 Optimistic would be used in other field other than success. 3 People with different personalities and amateur can’t be friend: My opinion: 1 different disagreement may led to unfriendly friendship. 2 It’s hard to find common topic as combination of both people. 3 they are unlikely to know each other very well in short time. Disagree: 1. They would study other different type of advantage filling space 2 Finding more different topic will strengthen friendship. 3 open up their view and accumulate more knowledge 4 competition may hurt friendship My opinion: 1 Competition may increase possibility that you friend is jealous of others 2 Competition may reduce the communication chances hence have less meaningful friendship bit by bit Disagree: 1 It factually might let you know each other better

新托福独立写作21类题目

新托福独立写作21类题目 1.体育类： 2008.11.14—Children should only play sports for fun rather than play sports in competitions or contests. (Education) 孩子们应该为了乐趣而去参加体育活动而不是为了竞争或者比赛。体育在现代生活的重要性有： 1.体育可以在身体得到锻炼，使身体素质得到提高； 2.体育活动让朋友和家人聚集一起参加锻炼，有社会意义，是一种积极的休闲和团体活动； 3.体育可以调节生活，让人们获得心理上的健康和快乐，更好的缓解压力； 4.体育可以提高人的意志和韧性； 5.体育是一个大的产业，给国家带来收入； 6.体育体现了人类社会的精神，可以促进世界和平。体育运动的优点： 1.增加体质(increase physical strength)，有益于身心健康； 2.加快脂肪燃烧(accelerate fat burning)，有助于减肥(lose weight)； 3.有助于保持体形(stay in shape)，提高自我的形象(improve self image)； 4.有助于缓解压力(relieve stress)，调节心情(improve mood)，减少失落的情绪(reduce the chance of depression)； 5.有助于保持旺盛的精力(keep energetic)，从而提高工作效率(increase productivity)。孩子参加体育项目是为了获得快乐：因为体育活动可以让他们得到精神上的放松，可以是他们和朋友交流的一种方式；而获得乐趣并不是体育活动的唯一目的，参加比赛也是一种目的，因为比赛获胜可以让他们获得一种成就感，输了可以学会逆境成长的精神。 2008.12.5—Sports teaches us lessons about life. 运动教会我们一些生活道理运动教会我们要养成健康的生活方式和积极的人生态度；体育比赛告诉我们竞争是生活的一部分，但友谊同样重要；团队运动教给人们要合作，在生活中和工作中也要学会合作，这样做事情才会能有效率，比如，在足球篮球比赛中，你不能时时都争着进球，要注意合作才能获得更高的分数，一个全都是优秀球员的球队并不一定能给打败一个球员很平庸但是合作的很好的球队，在生活上也是如此，我们不必事事争第一，和别人合作往往能达到共赢的目的。棋类运动教给我们许多生活道理，比如我们下棋的时候必须瞻前顾后，考虑很多步，生活上也是，凡事三思而后行 2.专业知识类： 2006.11.19—It is more important to choose a subject of your interest than to choose subjects which prepare you for a job or a career.(Education) 选自己感兴趣的学科比选有前途的学科更重要（支持该观点）中间段写作思路：（一）Reason 1: 因果链接：资源有限—竞争激烈—压力大—就业压力—就业竞争中脱颖而出—有前途的专业（举例）首先：学习对于未来的职业有用的学科之后才能更容易找到工作。当代社会每个人都渴望取得成功，但是资源是有限的，所以竞争激烈，每个人承受的压力都很大，其中大学生面临的最现实的问题就是就业问题。

托福写作的39个常用万能例子

【托福写作的39个常用万能例子】能够用于考试的托福写作万能例子有很多，在这里为大家分享39个比较常用的，希望能对考生们有所帮助。托福写作万能例子： 1. People learn in different ways. Some people learn by doing things; other people learn by reading about things; others learn by listening to people talk about things. Which of these methods of learning is best for you? 2. Some people trust their first impressions about a person s character because they believe these judgments are generally correct. Other people do not judge a person s character quickly because they believe first impressions are often wrong. Compare these two attitudes. Which attitude do you agree with? 3. A university plans to develop a new research center in your country. Some people want a center for business research. Other people want a center for research in agriculture (farming). Which of these two kinds of research centers do you recommend for your country? 4. How do movies or television influence people s behavior? 5. Music tells us something about a culture. What does the music of your country reveal about the culture of your country? 6. It has recently been announced that a new movie theater (a shopping center/ a new restaurant/ a new high school) may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? 7. A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? 8 In some countries people are no longer allowed to smoke in many public places and office buildings. Do you think this is a good law or a bad law? 9. Imagine that you have received some land to use as you wish. How would

托福写作热点考题：对比类型

————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期： 2

智课网TOEFL备考资料

托福写作热点考题：对比类型摘要: 托福写作热点考题：对比类型每年的托福独立写作考题中，对比类型考题总要占据半壁江山，拥有着非常高的出镜率。本文就为大家讲解托福考试中写作热点考题之一：对比类型考题。一、对每年的托福独立写作考题中，对比类型考题总要占据半壁江山，拥有着非常高的出镜率。本文就为大家讲解托福考试中写作热点考题之一：对比类型考题。一、对比考题何其多对比类型考题在历年托福独立写作考题中，会占到相当大的比重，此类例题比比皆是。例如，从2015年1月份第一场托福考试起到最近的4月12日的9场考试10道考题（3月7日的考试有两道考题）中就有5道考题就是对比型考题（2015.1.25，2015.2.1，2015.3.7(1)，2015.3.7 (2)，2015.3.28）大家先来简单回顾几个托福真题： 2015.1.10 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? University students should be required to take basic science classes even if they are not part of the field of the study. 2015.1.11 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important characteristic of a successful politician or leader is good communication skills. 2015.1.25 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Classmates and partner can

写作万能理由

针对近期的托福考试及雅思考试的写作考题同学们可以参考这些理由简略的列出一个写作提纲，以减少列提纲的时间，避免大脑一片空白，其中孙晓茹老师总结并分享了她在雅思写作及托福独立写作中的教学经验，并和其他老师分享了她的教研成果，总结了和人类不相关的十大万能理由： 1. 效率efficiency在很多文章中，笔者发现都可以将效率作为一个万能理由，比如写同意用手机发送短信，因为用手机发短信能提高效率;在手机和书信间选择用手机沟通(托福写作)，因为手机能够提高效率，笔者总结了一句万能的跟效率相关的句子，以用手机发短信为例，用手机发短信能够提高效率在一定程度上能够提高效率，这能节约大量的时间，这些时间能够被用来做更有意义的事情。Sending text message could,to some degree,enhance efficiency,which saves a lot of time that could be uesd to do other things of greater significance.大家细看一下这句话不难发现这句话融合了很多不同的句式，如插入语，即在一定程度上，非限，限定性定从，被动语态，of+名词这一结构。 2. 方便convenience很多题目可以跟方便联系到一起。比如同意与否在社区建大学，如果同意可以说这样可以给当地学生居民带来方便. 3. 刺激经济stimulate economy比如同意与否在乡镇建立新公司，如果同意可以写这样做刺激了当地的经济及相关产业发展，增加了当地的税收收入，我们可以将增加了当地的税收收入写成一个现在分词做分词结构，写成Establishing new companies in town could promote the progress of local economy and relevant industries ,increasing tax revenue. 4. 节约对于节约，可以用的万能理由有两个，一个是节约金钱，一个是节约资源，对于节约金钱而言，我们可以不用save money 这样的简单词汇，用be less time-consuming and more economical取而代之，而对于节约资源，使用短语preserve natural resources 即可. 5. 就业有一个题目叫是否同意在社区建大学，有的同学觉得这个话题不好写，其实用就业就很好展开，在社区建大学可以增加当地的就业机会，缓解当地就业压力Establishing community colleges may ，to some extent ，increase local employment opportunities ，which relieves the employment pressure. 6. 竞争激烈的社会竞争是很多题目的写作背景，笔者在这里特别为大家准备了一个黄金句型，叫很明显随着经济与社会的发展，竞争变得越来越激烈。It is conceivable that with the development of economy and society ,the competition is becoming increasingly acute and fierce.这是一个形式主语句型，用到了越来越这个单词，笔者没有用more and more这个“恶心词”，而用increasingly代替，体现词汇的广度. 7. 文化很多题目可以和文化衔接上，如果做某件事可以对文化游好的帮助，大家可以用文化交流cultural exchange和文化融合cultural integration and synthesis这两个短语，而如果是对文化不好的影响，如文化同化，就可以用cultural assimilation这一短语. 8. 权利大家注意，这里的权利是right，而不是权力power。比如雅思考过一个题目，叫是否同意拿动物做实验，如果不同意，就可以说动物有生存权，the right for life. 9.责任与义务和权利相对的是责任与义务，同样上面的话题，你可以说人们有保护动物的责任与义务(responsibility and obligation). 10安全雅思托福写作中跟安全相关的理由可以体现在食品安全,人身安全,财产安全和社会安全上,food security ,personal security,property security social security.

十三个万能理由_托福写作

十三个万能理由一.成就感(achievement) 关键词句: a sense of achievement virtuous cycle 良性循环grand feat/exploit 辉煌的业绩attainment of goals elevate our self-esteem be conductive to self-actualization 有助于自我实现万能段落：By doing (something), we can enjoy a sense of achievement. The feat of accomplishing is conductive to self-actualization, which will inevitably elevate our self-esteem. Inflated esteem will proportionally contribute to even more solid achievement. This is virtuous cycle toward a better career. For example, I have a relative who works in a big company. He was once awarded the opportunity to travel abroad that excited him for quite a long time. After that he worked even harder and gained the elevated esteem. 二.被认可感(acknowledgement) 关键词句: A willing ox 任劳任怨的人selfless contribution the stat of being recognized a sense of belonging provide satisfaction motivation for further improvement 万能段落: By acknowledgement, I mean the state of being recognized. When we are recognized by our company (school/college/group/community or society), we can experience a sense of belonging. The feeling of being recognized provides satisfaction and motivation for further improvement. Hence, when a person can be identified by others, the subsequent outcome can be beyond imagination. Bill Gates, through luck, diligence, and team spirit leads Microsoft to splendor. And he distributes his wealth generously, which won him a name: the greatest philanthropist around the world. His success is acknowledged by our society. And his satisfaction index can be higher than that of any other peers. 三.健康(health) 关键词句: ingredients to sound health 健康的要素physical health psychological health well-adjusted to the society sound health as fit as a fiddle 身体好discard health hazard robust strength 体力充沛Health is above wealth. 万能段落：Fresh air, clean water and nutritious food are indispensable ingredients to sound health. So if we live in good environment and enjoy healthful diet, our physical health can be guaranteed. Also if we have positive hobbies like reading and other mental pursuits, our psychological health can be elevated. Anyway, health is above wealth, we should exert our efforts to discard health hazard in order to attain a better life. 四.安全(safety) 关键词句: be protected against failure, damage a sense of security facilitate the harmony of society Safety is the top priority. 万能段落：Safety refers to the condition of being protected against failure, damage, error, accidents, harm, et cetera. Safety is usually our main concern. 五.方便(convenience) 关键词句: perform daily errands 从事日常业务get easy access to 容易接近do not have to exert ourselves too much 不用太费力气Convenience matters.便利至关重要万能段落：Convenience means being suitable and useful for us to carry out daily tasks. If something is convenient and easy to be made use of, we get easy access it, then the potential can be fully exploited. We do not have to exert ourselves too much to obtain the benefit. As a result, we can devote more time and efforts to accomplishing other business that is urgent and pivotal.

托福独立写作的审题原则和布局(上)

托福独立写作的审题原则和布局（上）新托福写作考试的第2部分为独立写作，要求考生在30分钟内完成一篇字数在300字左右的议论文。而朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家们根据对ETS最新的评分标准的解读，发现阅卷者评判考生的文章遵循的原则是：“Readers should focus on what the examinee does well”。这就意味着整个评分过程是考察考生表现出优点的过程，而并非对考生的文章吹毛求疵的过程。因此，即使是一篇满分的文章，也是允许考生有少量错误的。在本文中，笔者将就独立写作部分的审题原则以及如何进行观点筛选作一简单说明。一、字数对于独立写作的字数要求，官方的说法是：“An effective response is typically about 300 words long. If you write fewer than 300 words, you may still receive a top score, but experience has shown that shorter responses typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a score of 5.”。可见，若想得到高分，考生最好能将文章写到300字以上，虽然有些文章字数不足但仍可得到满分，但是毕竟这种情况比较罕见，要充分对于考题展开论述，从而有利地支持文章观点，充足的字数是必须的。二、题目的解读独立写作最近几年在中国大陆地区的考题基本上是以支持/反对型为主的，理论上来说考生同意或者反对题目的表述，然后展开进一步论证都是可以的，但是朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家们发现有些考题并非考生可以“随心所欲”的“自由发挥”，比如当题目中包括了一些“绝对”含义的词，如only, must, fully以及形容词或者副词最高级的时候，考生在答卷时就不能采用“完全同意”的立场。比如2008年9月28日考题： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The only effective way for government to encourage energy conservation is increasing the price of gasoline and electricity. 考生可以部分同意，即提高能源价格是一种有效措施之一，但同时还有其他办法；也可以完全反对，即不能光靠提高能源使用价格来节能，还要靠别的方法措施等。所以在审题时，我们还是建议考生要多花点时间把题目的意思读透，最好在心里把题目的中文含义反复地翻译给自己听几遍，从意思出发，再决定自己的立场，这样就可以避免由于审题的不全面而导致很大的失分。

托福_口语_万能理由_(高分必备)

托福口语万能例子|托福口语万能套用例子环保 There’s no trees, no grass in my community. It's very bare. So I have decided to give several hours each month to plant trees and grass in my community. After several years, there will be a lot of trees and grass in my community. It's very charming environment. You can imagine how comfortable it can be, just relax yourself on the grass, when sun is setting down and birds in the trees are singing. Second, Air pollution and noisy pollution are serious in my community. Planting trees and grass can reduce pollution. 健康运动： Doing exercise every day is helpful to students' health. I think health will go with us for a long life if we insist on exercising everyday. It is helpful for us to focus the energy on study and work. Second, doing exercise is the best way to relax. It helps us to reduce stress and release tension. 听音乐： Music is also the best way to help me escape stress and trouble. You know, stress is the biggest enemy of the health. Music can bring me lots of pleasure and turn my blue mood to a bright one. When I am listening music, I can forget all the difficulties of stress life. 合作与交流： To succeed in the world, we should cooperate with others. The ability and the knowledge of one person are limited. How to cooperate with others is important to our success. 增长知识和扩大视野： It may be helpful to increase our knowledge and widen our views. 减少压力： The games can also reduce the stress and pressure of the adults. Great pressure may cause lots of illness, for example, high blood pressure, physiological problem, and so on.Through the game, the adults can feel easy and happy. 发展能力：Playing games can be helpful to develop some skills, such as how to cooperate with partners, how to get along with others and so on. All of the skills are

托福独立写作高分10大例子

托福独立写作高分10大例子很多考生在备考托福独立写作的时候都有这样的感觉：没有话可写。文都国际小编称，想要你的写作内容充实并用字数达到要求，一些通用资料还是很重要的。下面小编为大家准备了托福独立写作高分10大例子，大家一起来学习一下吧。 1. It can improve health condition and enhance our ability to respond quickly. Besides, as long as we keep doing it frequently, we can effectively lose weight and keep ourselves in good shape. In addition, it can better prepare us for any physical challenge in the future 2. He should tolerate relatively small mistakes committed by others. Making mistakes is somehow inevitable, as long as it’s unintentional, he is supposed to forgive it. The tolerance will breed gratitude from others. 3. During the process of communication, my interpersonal skills will improve considerably. This can help me cooperate with others more

托福独立写作满分范文30篇

托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏（１） Which one do you prefer, to solve problems on your own experience and knowledge, or to ask others for advice? As knowledge and experience serve as twim towers in problem-solving, one is often presented with two major paths that pave the way for final fulfillment, eitther to wrack his brain, just like what happened to Neuton, siiting for many years under an apple tree and eventually figuring out ond of the greatest universal rules that govern the whole globe, or to seek for others ’ widsom through their advice, just as in the case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative. Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others’ advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and effeciency for a goal-accomplishment. Not all experience and knowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind and capabilities of each individual. A single thought in someone’s mind is, more often than not, far less shining compared with group ’s wisdom. That explains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders’ of past great giants; that explains why a great leader is always with greater minds; that also explains why teamwork in corperation is highly emphasized in the 21st century. Brainstorm and exchange of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individula involved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, or even the entire global village. Asking others’ advice instead of getting everything done on one’s own promotes democracy and communication too. In terms of democracy, it is necessary to give others rights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways, and their saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication, idea exchange sometimes focuses more than solutions, and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives, principles, praticalities and personalities of each other. Admittely turning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence. Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadens our mind, enlarges our vision, furthers understanding, enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm, and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities, which undoubtedly gives rise to better, if not the best solutions. As is paraphrasedfrom John F Kenedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannot do while divided, there is little we can do. 托福写作辅导：托福考试满分作文欣赏(2) Case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative. Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others' advice contribute greatly