英语中两个常见“花费”动词用法比较

英语中表“花费”的四个常见动词的用法比较

武功县教研室田岗良

在基础英语学习中，大家会经常用到表达花费的四个动词，即spend,take,cost,pay。这四个动词的用法在教学者看来很简单，但对英语初学者来讲，要灵活准确地使用，并非容易掌握。下面就其用法予以比较。

词条区别

spend

spent （过去式）spent（过去分词）spend的主语由人承担，表示“在。。。方面花费时间或金钱”，常用句型为：主语（人）+spend+...on something或者

主语（人）+spend+...(in) doing something.

其中：something在句子中应具体化，in可以省略。

She spent 10 yuan on the book.

She spent 2days (in) reading the book.

take

Took （过去式）taken （过去分词）take的主语通常以it 承担，作形式主语，真正主语为动词不定式，常表示“花费时间做。。。”，常用句型为：

It take somebody +时间+to do something.

It took her two days to read the book.

cost

cost（过去式）cost（过去分词）cost的主语通常为物，表示某物花费了多钱，常用句型为：Something costs somebody +钱数.

That book cost her 10 yuan.

pay

paid（过去式）paid（过去分词）pay的主语通常由人来承担，通常表示某人付出了多钱买某物或为某事付出多钱，其常见句型为：

主语（人）+ pay + (somebody) +钱数+for +something.

She paid 10 yuan.

She paid the boss.

She paid the boss 10 yuan.

She paid the boss 10 yuan for the book.

练习题：用所给动词的适当形式完成句子（先选定动词，然后给出适当形式）。

A.spend

B. take

C. cost

D. pay

1.Don”t too much money on clothes.

2.Have you for the dress?

3.It me two hours to finish the composition.

4.The book me ten yuan.

Keys: 1 spend 2 paid 3 took 4 cost