浅论欧亨利警察与赞美诗的英语翻译批评与赏析 教育资料
浅论欧亨利《警察与赞美诗》的英语翻译批评与赏析
一、作品简介
《警察与赞美诗》以美国资本主义逐步进入黑暗腐朽时期作为背景，也就是美国帝国主义初期阶段，此时有着强烈的社会矛盾，贫富差距巨大，底层民众生活艰难。欧?亨利关注底层民众，以
底层民众的视角来表现作品。在作品中，首先呈现了美国民众艰难的生活，对资本主义的腐朽进行强烈的谴责，表现了美国人民对资本主义制度的不满。但是，当时的作家们对于资本主义制度仍然心存幻想，希望资本主义能够力挽狂澜，带领人民走出阴影，因此都献言献策，希望能够尽自己所能帮助民众。《警察与赞美诗》这部作品表现了一个滑稽的故事，欧?亨利运用其擅长的讽
刺手法，在可笑的氛围当中叙述了一个令人可叹、可怜、可气的故事，故事揭露了当时美国腐朽黑暗的司法制度，同时也表达了对人生的悲观情绪。
二、《警察与赞美诗》翻译对比
在小说的第五段有这样一句话“Soapy's proud spirit
the gifts of charity were undersirable. You must pay in humiliation of spirit for everything received at the hands of philanthropy.”面对这样两句话，初入翻译行业或经验不足的翻译人员往往会简单的将其翻译为“苏比自尊心很强，从其骄”
这种爱心人士所送给他的礼物好像是折磨一样。傲程度来看，
翻译就是单纯的意译。当然，还会有翻译者进行这样的翻译，“对于自尊的苏比来说，接受这些爱心人士所送的礼物，简直比杀了他还要让他难受，他觉得这就是对他的侮辱和蔑视。”看起来比上一个翻译好了很多，而李文俊先生则将这句话是这样翻译的“对苏比来说，拿着爱心人士赠送的礼物，那是要比杀了苏比还难受的，那简直就是一种对他的侮辱，他觉得那是对他精神上的亵渎和侮辱。”
这三个翻译方式各有各的不同，第一种只是简单地意译，没有什么特点，只是对表达意思进行了概括，没有逻辑错误和语病，只做到了尊重原意。第二种则专业很多，在翻译当中加入了更多的语言技巧，语言的运用更加考究，使翻译后的语句做到了通俗易懂又具有一定语言美感。但是第二种翻译和李文俊先生的翻译相比仍然缺少了语言的韵味。在李文俊先生的眼里，苏比有着高傲的灵魂，和强烈的自尊心。在这短短的两句话当中，李文俊先生并不仅仅要让读者了解到苏比的高傲灵魂，他不愿意接受他人的捐赠，而且要通过表现苏比的自尊同时，让读者发现这些所谓“爱心人士”的伪善。慈善机构和爱心人士的伪善、虚伪通过“侮辱”这个词语得到淋漓尽致的展现。通过苏比对接受这种捐赠痛苦的内心，我们似乎也看到了一张可憎的伪爱心人士的面孔。在阅读感受上，李文俊先生翻译后语言呈现上更加流畅，更为口语化却不俗气，恰恰展现了欧?亨利的语言风格。
另外，在作品的第三部分当中，有一处场景，苏比在交通外
听到了钢琴演奏声、赞美诗，这激发了苏比的精神共鸣。苏比在美妙的声音当中开始回忆曾经的美好时光，这也使苏比有了要改变现状的想法，苏比开始想要自食其力、从头开始，过上真正体面、有尊严的人生。但是，警察的到来直接击碎了苏比的美梦。警察抓捕了苏比，作品中出现了这样一句话“Renmember the pianist playde the national anthem as soap， he lives in mathernal love， friend， rose， ideal， and idea and the collar and the day. ”一部分翻译者对这句话通过直译来呈现，这样一来就失去展现作品原文语言美和精神内涵的大好机会，曾经就有过这样的一种翻译“苏比的灵魂就这样被突然出现的琴师的演奏所震撼到，苏比太熟悉赞美诗当中歌颂的爱情、友情、理想，他被深深吸引了。”这种翻译呈现的文字味同嚼蜡。李文俊
先生对这句话的翻译是这样的“琴师演奏的动听的赞美诗让苏比感慨万千，他突然觉得自己的生活充满了美好，他拥有母爱、玫瑰、理想、友谊以及纯洁无邪的思想和洁白的衣领，赞美诗对他来说是如此的熟悉。”两种翻译对比之后，高下立现。李文俊先
生的翻译尊重欧?亨利原作思想，将自己的翻译语言无限地接近
原作，李文俊先生的文字有着深长意味，如“洁白的衣领”引起读者无限遐想，似乎看到了一个穿着洁白衬衫的阳光少年，可为什么会沦落到当下这个落魄地步呢？引发读者思考，让读者回味无穷。正是由于尊重原著，在语言上精雕细刻才能将《警察与赞
美诗》这部作品翻译得如此传神，语言上贴合原作，表现了苏
比这个人物的形象。
三、《警察与赞美诗》英语翻译技巧分析 1.语言功底。翻译工作对翻译者的语言功底考验极高，这种考验不仅要求翻译者对一门外语的要求，而是要对两门语言都具有很深厚的功底，这样才能在翻译两种语言的过程当中做到灵活自如地转换。从《警察与赞美诗》的翻译呈现上来看，将其英语原著语言翻译成为汉语，首先需要翻译者自身的文学造诣，翻译者不仅仅是单纯地翻译文字，更是和原作者进行精神沟通，是对作品再创作的过程。这样展现出来的翻译作品才真正称得上是“作品”。其次，翻译者的英语语言也应具备较强的能力。英语能力的展现并不仅仅是词汇量、语法、巨型的掌握，更重要的是能够在英汉两种语言当中实现轻松切换。另外，翻译者还应该对英语国家的文化、社会风情有所了解，翻译某位著名作家作品之前，要对该作家有足够的了解，这样才能够将作品翻译得更加贴近作品原本所要表达的思想。
2.杜绝逐字逐句翻译。逐字逐句翻译是在英语考试常见的考查方式，在文学作品翻译的过程当中使用这种方式是不妥当的。以英语小说为例，翻译者在翻译时应该注重小说主旨和故事情节的展现上，逐句逐字翻译会将翻译者的注意力集中在字句上，难以把控整个作品的文学呈现效果。李文俊先生若是严格逐字逐句地进行翻译，那势必会影响中文译作的流畅表达，反倒会影响读这
样的翻译效果会让读者觉得自己是在读文字者们的阅读体验。．而不是在欣赏文学作品，更无法与作者产生精神共鸣。翻译文学作品是一个庞大的工程，如前文所说，要求翻译者能够还原小说本意。尽管语言不同，但是译作和原著的情绪、意义必须是一致的。《警察与赞美诗》展现的大背景是当时美国社会从资本主义社会向帝国主义社会过渡时的生活问题，通过苏比这个人物以点呈现一种大时代下的悲哀和无奈。不注重作品本意，而是如上文所说逐字逐句，就容易将作品的内涵拆分，难以传达作品的整体思想内涵。
本文对欧?亨利的《警察与赞美诗》进行了简要的介绍，并将李文俊先生的翻译版本和普通译者进行比较，通过对此的分析鉴赏来简略总结下优秀的翻译技巧。对翻译作品的技巧进行鉴赏批评对于英语翻译的进步有重要作用，希望本文能够对英语翻译提供些微帮助。
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英语美文欣赏带翻译
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The thing is, it can sometimes be tricky to reject a man and keep him as a friend. If the operation is not executed carefully, you may end up creating a "menemy." It requires a certain amount of skill to be able to turn down a man's sexual advances or romantic gestures and then get him to agree to meet you for blueberry pancakes the following weekend and chat about the latest Woody Allen film. Some men aren't satisfied with just that. I'm not clear why. What's so bad about friendship? Everyone needs buddies. But I've seen men react poorly or simply fall off the face of the earth. I get it -- their feelings are hurt. None of us likes getting rejected. But in my experience, some men find it especially soul-crushing. I am only bringing all of this up because I recently had to go through this scenario again. I had spent some time cultivating a friendship with a man who, in my defense, I thought was gay. 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That way, he would known not to try to lean in for a kiss, and I wouldn't have to pull the Stevie Wonder dance and dodge him went he went for it. It was like pre-rejection, yet I was sparing his feelings because he didn't even have to put himself out there! I really thought I was being brilliant. It backfired, of course. Said man ended up sending me an email rant accusing me of being insensitive by talking about other men when he had "feelings for me." As if I am psychic, by the way, just because I am a woman! How was I supposed to know that? I think in his mind we were dating. In my mind, he was my new gay BFF. In the end, I got mad at him for getting mad at me, and now the friendship has ended. And I have created yet another "menemy." Look, I have also tried the direct thing: "I really like you, but only as a friend, " but you can only do that when the guy has made his intentions clear, and in my experience, they either cope okay (though rarely do I feel much enthusiasm for friendship after that), or they really don't cope well. I also tried the thing where you make them think they are rejecting you, but it gets quite confusing and only works if the guy isn't very sharp, and why would I -- or you -- be hanging out with someone not that sharp in the first place? As we all remember, Billy Crystal's character says men and women can't be friends in When Harry Met Sally because the sex stuff gets in the way. I do have single, male, heterosexual friends with whom I have an easy, non-romantic rapport, but I honestly don't know if they would walk away if I was sprawled naked on a bed calling out to them. I may not be everybody's cup of tea, but sometimes, I wonder if they wonder. And they may wonder if I wonder. If so, I hope they'll keep it to
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(英语)英语翻译专项习题及答案解析
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