工程机械涂装研究和应用进展及发展趋势

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工程机械涂装研究和应用进展及发展趋势

张瑞

(山东山推机械有限公司,山东 济宁 272071)

摘要:从涂装功能变化、涂装前处理工艺及涂料与喷涂工艺的发展等方面对工程机械涂装研究和应用进展进行了综述,总结了当前工程机械涂装工艺特点:在涂装功能上,在保持防锈保护功能的同时,突出装饰功能和标识功能;在前处理方面,中厚板结构件广泛采用自动抛丸工艺,薄板件基本采用磷化工艺,使前处理质量更好;在涂料方面,引入了电泳涂料和粉末涂料,并开发了底面合一涂料;在涂装工艺方面,采用生产效率和涂料利用率高的混气喷涂和静电喷涂工艺,并在传统溶剂型涂料涂装工艺的基础上,开发了抛丸–喷漆一体化工艺、零部件面漆化工艺、先刮腻子后喷底漆工艺和底面合一涂料涂装工艺,同时引入电泳涂装和粉末涂装工艺;在涂装质量管理方面,制定了涂装质量管理标准,并对涂层外观、性能指标进行了量化。指出了工程机械涂装的发展趋势。

关键词:工程机械;金属板;结构件;涂料涂装;前处理 中图分类号:TQ639

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1004 – 227X (2014) 06 – 0247 – 08

Research and application progress and development

trend of engineering machinery coating // ZHANG Rui Abstract: The research and application progress of engineering machinery coating were reviewed from aspects of variation of coating function and developments of coating pretreatment and painting processes. The characteristics of current coating processes for engineering machinery were summarized as follows: in aspect of coating function, the decoration function and identification function were highlighted while maintaining the corrosion protection function; automatic shot blasting was widely applied to moderate and thick structural plates in pretreatment process while the phosphating process was basically used in thin metal plates to improve the pretreatment quality; for paints, electrophoretic coating and powder coating were employed, and a primer-topcoat-in-one coating was developed; in aspect of coating process, the spraying with gas mixture and electrostatic spraying with high production efficiency and high paint utilization efficiency were applied, and the shot blasting–paint spraying integration process, topcoating of

收稿日期:2013–10–29 修回日期:2013–11–17

作者简介:张瑞(1977–),男,贵州毕节人,技术开发部副部长,高级

工程师,从事机械制造工作。

作者联系方式:(E-mail) shantui_zhangrui@https://www.360docs.net/doc/d610816067.html, 。

components and parts prior to assembly, puttying first and

then spraying primer, as well as primer and topcoat integration process were developed based on traditional solvent-type coating, and the electrophoretic coating and powder coating processes were introduced; in coating quality management, the standards for coating quality management were constituted and coating appearance and performance indices were quantified. The development trend of engineering machinery coating was presented.

Keywords: engineering machinery; metal sheet; structural part; paint coating; pretreatment

Author’s address: Shandong Shantui Mechanical Ltd., Jining 272071, China

工程机械是机械行业的一大分支,在产品结构、功能、工况等方面与其他机械产品有明显的不同。因此,其生产工艺有着自己的特点。涂装作为工程机械制造中与焊接、机械加工、装配并列的四大工艺之一,涵盖了工程机械的绝大多数零部件。但是,与焊接、加工、装配相比,工程机械涂装在技术、人力的关注和投入相对较小;与其他行业相比,工程机械涂装发展相对较慢。2000年前,一些企业甚至没有涂装技术人员;在2000年以后,工程机械行业才逐步拥有自己的涂装专业技术人员,并不断增多,有关工程机械涂装的研究性文献和报道也逐年增多。随着对工程机械涂装的重视及工程机械涂装专业技术人员的增加,工程机械涂装专业会议也开始举办。2009年4月,首届工程机械涂装工艺技术研讨会在上海召开;2010年5月,主题为“低碳正在影响世界,工程机械应该如何应对”的国内外工程机械节能、环保、低碳涂装新工艺技术研讨会在上海召开。近年来,以工程机械涂装为主题的会议逐渐多起来。

从2000年以来,工程机械涂装伴随着涂料与涂装技术的发展而不断发展,在借鉴汽车及其他机械产品涂装工艺的同时,工程机械涂装专业技术人员根据工程机械的特点进行了大胆的探索,在涂料、喷涂技术、

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