冠词代词讲解
No. 9 by
?Eggs are sold by the dozen [hundred, thousand, etc].
?We're paid by the hour [week/ month].
?rent a house by the year
?She wanted to tear his hair out by the handful.
?Is this cloth sold by the meter?
?by weight
No. 14
an actor turned politician/a housewife turned author etc—someone who has done one job and then does something completely different
No. 15
for the moment—used to say that something is happening or is true now but will probably change in the future:
?Well, for the moment we're just friends.
?For the moment the rain had stopped.
for a moment—for a very short period of time
?It was quiet for a moment, and then Rae spoke.
No. 16
?I would never ever come to this fast-food restaurant for a
second time. The food is awful!
?Read the poem for a second time，the meaning will become clearer to you.
?He became President of the U.S for a second time in 1864.
?Gerry had just had back surgery for the third time in two years.
No. 23
?I don't want to talk about this over the telephone. (=by telephone)
?I heard the news over the radio. (=by radio)
?She got her first job through an employment agency.
?I heard about it through a friend.
No. 24
?walk of life—the position in society someone has, especially the type of job they have
?from every walk of life/from all walks of life
?Our volunteers include people from all walks of life.
No. 30 no such
?There's no such thing as ghosts (=they do not exist).
?There's no (such thing as a) free lunch.
there's no such person/thing etc as somebody/something—used to say that a particular person or thing does not exist:
?There's no such thing as magic.
?'I did no such thing,' he protested.
?'You said you'd be finished by today.' 'I said no such thing!' no such luck—used to say you are disappointed, because something good that you hoped would happen did not happen:
?'Have you Sunday off?' 'No such luck.'
No. 32
*a flying start—a very good or successful start
No. 39
?
No. 42
?Ever since we moved here it's been one problem after another.
(if a series of events or actions happen one after another / one
after the other, each one happens soon after the previous one)
No. 45 some something or other/another
?Just give him some excuse or other.
?Most desert animals reduce water loss by finding shade in some form or other.
No. 46 many a—a large number of people or things
?Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.
?I've sat here many a time(=often) and wondered what happened to her.
No. 54 be through
a) to have finished doing something or using something:
?I'm not through just yet - I should be finished in an hour.
?Are you through with the computer yet?
b) to no longer be having a relationship with someone:
?That's it! Simon and I are through.
?I'm through with you!
No. 52 other
1) used to refer to additional people or things of the same kind:
?There are one or two other problems I'd like to discuss.
?I've got some other friends I'd like to invite.
?Have you any other questions?
2)used to refer to a different person or thing from the one you have
already mentioned or the one that is already known about:
?David and Jessica were playing with two other children.
?You'd better change into some other clothes.
?Do you envy other women who seem to manage their lives better?
?Can we discuss this some other time?
?There is no other job I would rather do.
?Saudi Arabia produces more oil than any other country.
?I hope you will learn to show more respect for others (=other people).
3)used to refer to the second of two people or things, which is not the
one you already have or the one you have already mentioned
?I can't find my other shoe.
some ... others
?Some people are at greater risk than others.
one … the other
?One man was arrested, but the other one got away.
?One of the men sounded furious, the other frightened.
?She has two daughters. One is a primary school teacher, the other a musician.
No. 60
not be your cup of tea—spoken-to not be the type of thing that you like:
?Jazz just isn't my cup of tea - I prefer classical music.
英语冠词和代词大汇总
冠词 定义：冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词前，帮助指示名词的含义 分类：冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法： 口诀一 名词是秃子，常要戴帽子； 可数名词单，需用a 或 an； 辅音前用a ，元音前用an； 复数不可数泛指the不见；
碰到代词时,冠词均不现.。 ①名词一般情况下不单独用,常常要和冠词连用; ②表示不明确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词 a 或 an,特指时要用定冠词the; 即：可数名词单数不能单独存在，必须有限定词修饰。 ③如复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指或名词前有 his, these, my, some 等限定词时就不用冠词. II. 定冠词的用法：
以上口诀归纳了用定冠词的一般情况，即： ①特指某些人或物 ②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事 ③上文已经提到的人或事 ④世界上独一无二的事物前 ⑤序数词和形容词最高级前 ⑥某些专有名词前 ⑦一些习惯短语（如：in the morning等）中和乐器前（如：play the violin / piano）。 III. 零冠词的用法：
二、不用冠词的集中情况。 下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前； 专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭； 复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前； 颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。 以上口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的几种情况，即： ①名词前已有作定语用的this、that、some、any、my等限定词。 ②专有名词和不可数名词前。 ③表示学科的（如：maths、Chinese、physics）名词前。 ④球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前。 ⑤复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事）时。 ⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前。 ⑦表示颜色（如：It's red / yellow.）、语种（如：speak English/Japanese）和国家的非全称名词（如：We live in China. They come from America.）。 ⑧在称呼或表示头衔的名词前。 ⑨某些习惯短语中（如：in bed、go to school等）。 --- So, you are running _____ restaurant.
冠词代词名词练习及答案
冠词 1. Alice is fond of playing ___ piano while Henry is interested in listening to ___ music. A. /, the B. /, / C. the, / D. the, the 2. Alexander Grander Bell invented ___ telephone in 1876. A. / B. a C. the D. one 3. ---Where is Jack? ---I think he’s still in ___ bed, but he might just be in ___ bathroom. A. /, / B. the, the C. the, / D. /, the 4. Many people are still in ___ habit of writing silly things in ___ public places. A. the, the B. /, the C. the, / D. /, / 5. She is ___ newcomer to ___ chemistry, but she has already made some important discoveries. A. the, the B. the, / C. a, / D. a, the 6. Wouldn’t it be ___ wonderful world if all nations lived in ___ peace with one another? A. a, / B. the, / C. a, the D. the, the 7. Many people agree that ___ knowledge of English is a must in ___ international trade today. A. a, / B. the, an C. the, the D. /, the 8. ---Have you seen ___ pen? I left it here this morning. ---Is it ___ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a 9. Paper money was in ___ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___ thirteenth century. A. the, / B. the, the C. /, the D. /, / 10. Most animals have little connection with ___ animals of ___ different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the, a B. /, a C. the, the D. /, the 11. ___ coffee that we drank just now was given to us by ___ Jacksons. A. /, / B. The, / C. /, the D. The, the 12. I remember he lives in ___ south, so we shouldn’t be walking ___ south. A. /, / B. /, the C. the, / D. the, the 13. They spent ___ getting the problem settled. A. so a long time B. quite a long time C. quite long a time D. such long a time 14. ___ People’s Republic of China has opened its door to ___ rest of ___ world. A. The, /, the B. /, the, the C. The, the, the D. /, /, the 15. Your shoes and mine are ___. A. of size B. in a size C. same big D. of a size 16. ---What was he before? ---He was ___ medical worker before he turned ___ worker. A. a, the B. the, a C. the, / D. a, / 17. They have begun to study ___ German language. A. a B. an C. the D. / 18. My uncle needs ___ x-ray examination of the lung. A. a B. an C. the D. some 19. Lesson Four is ___ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ___ most difficult lesson in Book II. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a
(易错题精选)初中英语语法知识—冠词的知识点总复习附解析
一、选择题 1．I want ______ iPad. I hope my mom will buy one for me on my birthday this year. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．—Who is ____ girl behind the tree ? —Which one ? The one with ______ umbrella ? A．a; the B．an; an C．the; a D．the; an 3．––What’s on your desk, Ju dy? ––It’s ________ English-Chinese dictionary. It’s _______useful dictionary. A．an, the B．an, an C．an, a 4．The film Avengers: Infinity War (复仇者联盟3：无限战争) is so exciting that I want to watch it _______ second time. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 5．---What is your cousin like? --Well, my cousin is ______ 11-year-old boy with shirt black hair. He is also very funny and he likes telling _____ jokes. A．a; the B．the; 不填C．不填； the D．an; 不填 6．–You made ______ same mistake again. You missed ______ “l” here. -- Oh, sorry. I’ll correct it right now. A．a, the B．the, the C．the, a D．the, an 7．--I hear there will be______ talk on teenage problems next Monday. --Do you mean______ talk our teacher asked us to listen to? A．the; a B．a; the C．the; an D．an; the 8．---Look! Who's ______ boy talking with Jack over there? ---Oh, he is my cousin, Bob. He is _____ honest boy. A．a; the B．the; an C．the; a D．a; an 9．Middle school students don' t need to go to _ _ school on weekends. They can go to_ _ park for fun with their parents or friends. A．/，a B．a, a C．the, a D．a, / 10．The movie is most exciting one and I expect to see it for second time. A．the; a B．the; the C．a; the D．a; a 11．Lily is _____ shy girl, but she’s good at playing _____ guitar. A．an, the B．a, the C．a, / D．an, / 12．—When is Mother’s Day? —It’s on ___________ Sunday in May. A．two B．the second C．twelve D．the twelfth 13．________baby in red is________eight-month-old boy. A．The;an B．A;a C．The;a D．The;/ 14．Life is not _________ journey which is full of ups and downs, so never lose heart. A．hard B．a hard C．smooth D．a smooth
名词、冠词、代词知识点
名词 一、名词的复数： 1.名词变复数的规则形式 1).一般情况下直接加s book------books cup-----cups 2).以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es . city-------cities family-----families 3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es . bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------wathes 4).以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es . tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes 5).以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves 2.少数名词的复数形式是不规则的 man----men woman---women child----childre foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice 3.单数和复数形式相同。deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 4.某国人的复数。 1). 中、日不变。Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 2). 英、法变。Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen 3). 其余s加后面。American -----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians 二、不可数名词： 1.不可数名词：1).不能直接用数字表数量2).不能直接加a或an 3).没有复数形式 4).可用some、any 、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰5).可用“量词短语”表示 2.不可数名词的数量的表示方法：a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词 a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk 三、名词的所有格： 1. ’s 所有格。 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”This is ____________________(Mary and Lily) bedroom . 2). 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”These are ________________(Tom and Jack ) school bags . 3).以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“’”,不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“’s” Teachers’Day Children’s Day 4).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加’s 代表全称。at the doctor’s at the Bob’s 5).由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。This is _________________(somebody else ) pencil . 6).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格。 an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital 2.of 所有格： 1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。the map of China the door of the room 2).双重所有格：of + 名词所有格of + 名词性的物住代词 He is a friend of my _________(brother ) . Is she a daughter of __________(you)? 四、名词作句子成分： 1.名词作主语
(完整版)名词、代词、冠词练习题及答案50题
选择题： 1. The students of Grade7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many there. A. bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit 2. ---How many are there on the table? ---Only two. A. Glasses of orange B. Glasses of oranges C. Glass of orange D. Glass of oranges 3.---Could you please tell me something about the two ? --- .They are exchange students of No.1 Middle school. A. Frenchmen; Yes, please B.Frenchmans; Come on C.Germen; Not at all D.Germans; All right. 4. We can see two in the picture. A.apple tree B. apples trees C.apple trees 5. When autumn comes, the the tree turns yellow. A. Leaf on B.leaves on C.leaf in D.leaves in 6.Tomorrow I’m going to my . It’s a . A.aunt; five minutes’ walk B.aunt’s;five minute’s walk C.aunt;five minute’s walk D.aunt’s; five minutes’walk. 7. mothers both work in the same hospital. A. Tim and Peter’s B. Tim’s and Peter C.Tim’s and Peter’s D.Tim and Peter 8. This desk is . A. Tom’s and John’s B. Tom and John C. Tom and John’s D.Tom’s and John 9. ---Two died in the accident. --- terrible it is! A.policemen; How B.policeman; What C.police; What D.policemans; How 10. ----It’s really hot today. What drink do we have today in the fridge? ----We have some . A.noodle B.cheese C.sausages D.lemonade 11.Near our school there are two . A. shoes shops B.shoes shop C.shoe shop 12. Nowadays, people can get much from newspapers, TV, and the Internet. A. ideas B. stories C.photos https://www.360docs.net/doc/d61180777.html,rmation. 13. Three are eating the grass at the foot of the mountain. A.sheeps B.sheep C.sheepes D.ships 14.Our school is just ten away from the school.
初一冠词、名词和代词专项练习题
七年级冠词、名词和代词专项练习题 一.写出下列单词的复数形式： action movie life knife fry leaf photo r adio piano zoo tomato potato bus watch box book map cat film door month horse picture class boy tooth woman eye tooth German Chinese man football child classroom monkey tree egg coat Frenchman is this that 二.将下列词组译成汉语： [1]三杯牛奶[2] 一袋大米[3]三篮子苹果 [4]一碗面条[5]四盒子书[6]七本英语书 [7]五袋子大米[8]三杯橘汁 [9]八条新闻10]一箱香蕉 三.用a\an填空: apple pear banana ship boat student teacher hour sheep orange tree tree orange pencil 四选择填空： [1]. They are________ A:man doctor B:men doctors C:men doctor D:man doctor s [2] There are five_____ in the hill. A:sheep B:sheeps C: goose D:deers [3] Those white socks____small. A:are B:is C: am D:do [4] We have many_____in our school. A:woman teacher B:women teachers C: woman teachers D:women teacher [5] Do you like _____? A:vegetable B: vegetables C:an vegetable [6] How many_____do they have? A:picture B: pictures C:a picture [7] There are six ____in the room. A:volleyball B:volleyballs C:a volleyball D:volleyballs [8] Are these ____teachers? A:woman B:women C:womans [9] It is ____. A:milk B:a milk C:an milk D:milks [10] It’s a ____.It isn’t an ____. A、apple, egg B、cake,egg C、egg,orange, D,e gg,cake
高考英语语法名词冠词和代词考点精讲
高考英语语法名词冠词和代词考点精讲 知识讲解 知识点一名词 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化 (1)改变单数名词内部元音字母。如：foot—feet, tooth—teeth, mouse—mice, man—men, woman—women, goose—geese。 (2)由man, woman构成的合成名词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如one Englishman, two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans。 注：man, woman作定语的复合名词变复数时，将两部分皆变为复数形式。 如：women doctors, men cooks。 boy和girl作定语时，只变中心词。如：girl students。 (3)外来词。如：basis—bases, crisis—crises, analysis—analyses, medium—media。 (4)单复数同形的名词。如：deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, works (工厂), means, crossroads, series, spacecraft, aircraft, headquarters。 (5)常以复数形式出现的名词。如：clothes衣服, glasses眼镜, chopsticks筷子, compasses圆规, scales天平, trousers裤子, goods货物, contents目录, times时代, surroundings环境, belongings 财产, earnings收入, arms武器, manners礼貌, customs海关, papers文件。 (6)集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：people, police。 有些物质名词的单数和复数形式表示不同的含义。常见的这类词有：
代词,冠词用法
代词 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。 一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、 "我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表： 数单数复数 格主格宾格主格宾格 第一人称I me we us 第二人称you you you you he him they them 第三人称she her they them it it they them 如：Heismyfriend. 他是我的朋友。 It’sme. 是我。 二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。 数单数复数 人称第一第二第三第一第二第三 人称人称人称人称人称人称 形容词性my your his/her itsouryour/their 物主代词 名词性mineyourshis/hersitsoursyours/theirs 物主代词 如：Ilikehiscar. 我喜欢他的小汽车。 Ourschoolishere，andtheirsisthere. 我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。 三、指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。 如：Thatisagoodidea. 那是个好主意。 四、表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。 如：Shewastalkingtoherself. 她自言自语。 五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有eachother和oneanother两组，但在运用中，这两组词没
高考一轮英语外研版复习教案：第一讲 冠词 Word版含解析
专题二自由填空 PartⅠ真题变式体验 1．[2015·陕西高考]________ more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes. 答案：The; the根据句子结构来判断，此句使用了“The＋形容词/副词比较级……，the ＋形容词/副词比较级……”结构，意思是“越……，就越……”。 2．[2015·重庆高考]I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask. 答案：the; a第一空，句中where引导的定语从句修饰bank，由此可知这里特指Dora工作的银行，故用定冠词；第二空，泛指“一个持枪歹徒”，因此用不定冠词。 3．[2015·四川高考]Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven. 答案：a根据结构可知此处填冠词，表示“一类人”“一个类似于贝多芬的人”，故填不定冠词。 4．[2015·浙江高考]Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way. 答案：a; the根据空格位置可知考查冠词。第一空，book是可数名词，此处表泛指，用不定冠词a；第二空，in the way是固定词组“挡路，妨碍”。 5．[2014·天津高考]Life is like ________ ocean: only the strong-willed can reach the other shore. 答案：an ocean为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故用不定冠词，ocean以元音音素开头，故答案是an。 6．[2014·重庆高考]I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village. 答案：the; a第一空表示去某人家的路为特指，故用the；第二空表示一个叫Wilson的人，表示泛指概念，故用不定冠词a。 7．[2014·浙江高考]The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________ week, often long into ________ night. 答案：a; the第一空填a相当于every/one；第二空为固定搭配long into the night。
冠词-名词-代词
冠词有两种，一是不定冠词a／an，另外一种是定冠词the 一、不定冠词及其用法 二、定冠词的用法 1. 一般来说，普通名词有特指和泛指，如果特指，就要加定冠词；如果泛指，可数名词前加不定冠词，或用其复数形式 2. 定冠词the主要和名词连用，表示某些特定的人或事物 3. 由of引起的限定性短语(作定语)所修饰的词前加the 4. 表示身体的某一部位，用the代替物主代词my, our, your, his, her等 5. 表示江河海洋，海峡海湾，山脉和群岛及有些湖泊之前用the 6. 定冠词the加姓氏的复数，表示某某一家人，如果做主语，谓语动词要用复数 7. 当一个抽象名词，不表示一般的概念而是表示某一特定的内容时加定冠词the 8. 由普通名词和一些其他词构成的专有名词前加the: the People's Republic of China 三、同步练习 1. ____rose is____beautiful flower. 2. Mr. Smith always smokes____cigarette with ____cup of coffee. 3.____door of____garage is broken. 4.____donkeys are ____ stupid animals. 5.____bread is made from ____ flour,and ____flour is made from ____wheat. 6. She is ____good musician;she plays ____piano beautifully. 7. Thousands of ____visitors go to ____Great Wall every ____day. 8. When he was enghteen,he joined ____navy. 9. He sent me ____letter and ____postcard;____letter didn't arrive. 10. Li is not at ____office;I think he's gone____home. 11. Is there ____telephone here? 12. She is studying ____English and ____French. 13. I bought ____pen and some paper,but I left____pen in ____shop. 14. ____machine is made of ____steel and ____copper. 15. ____honesty is ____best policy. 16. ____coal is 60 dollars ____ton at the moment. 17. I stay at ____home last night and listened to ____radio. 18. We went to Paris and saw ____Palace of Versailles. 19. He goes back to ____ country to see his people once ____year. 20. ____Liu's are going to ____cinema. 语法系列复习专题-----名词 1. 名词的分类 专有名词：指某人，某地，某机构等专有的名称，其首字母要大写。如HongKong, China, Bill Clinton, Red Cross 个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如student, book 可数名词 集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family, school, group, people 不可数名词 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：cotton, air, tea 抽象名词：表示抽象概念，work，happiness, news
外研版英语中考英语冠词-知识点归纳与练习
外研版英语中考英语冠词-知识点归纳与练习 一、初中英语冠词 1．—This photo makes me think of trip to the Great Wall last year. —Yeah, we had a great time there. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——这张照片让我想起了去年去长城的那次旅行。——是的，我们在那儿玩得很开心。to the Great Wall last year是后置定语，修饰trip，所以特指，故选Ｃ。 【点评】考查冠词辨析。 2．According to _______ rule made in 2017, some kinds of dogs mustn't be kept since May 1st, 2018 in Dongying. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：根据2017制定的那项规则，自2018年5月1日以来，在东营一些种类的狗禁止饲养。在双方都知道的事物前用定冠词the，此处特指2017年制定的那项规章制度，故选C。 【点评】此题考查定冠词用法。 3．May is fifth month of the year. It's very pleasant month. A. the; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; / 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：五月是一年中的第五个月，这是一个非常愉快的月份。第一个空，表示“第五个月”，序数词前面要用定冠词the，表第几；第二个空，指一个非常愉快的月份，very是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用a修饰，表数量一；故答案为B。 【点评】考查冠词。掌握序数词前用定冠词the和不定冠词a表示泛指的用法。 4．The bed piano allows a music lover to play ______ piano while he is lying in bed. A. a B. an C. / D. the 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：钢琴床允许音乐爱好者躺在床上时弹奏钢琴。play后跟乐器，乐器前用定冠词the。故答案为D。
名词、冠词、代词的用法
定义：表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。 强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，动词用is或者was；不能根据some、any、a lot of等词来判断。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”： ①．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ； 读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。 ②．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ； ③“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ； “元音字母+y”结尾，直接加-s，如：boys，toys ④．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；读音：[z]。 顺口溜：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。 （贼的妻子一生用两把刀、三片叶杀死两只狼，一半放在架子上，自己吃面包loaf）wife（妻子），knife（刀子），wolf（狼）thief（小偷），shelf（架子），self（自己），life （生命）half（一半），leaf（树叶）。这9个名词变复数时，都要改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”。 特殊情况是直接加-s的： 顺口溜：海湾边、屋顶上，首领农仆相望；谁说他们无信仰，语气定在手帕上。 gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief。这些词是直接加-s的。 ⑤．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况： 1）有生命的+es 读音：[z] 如：mango-mangoes，tomato-tomatoes，hero-heroes， negro—negroes (袋鼠除外cangro-cangros) 顺口溜：两人两菜一火山(黑人英雄在火山上吃土豆，西红柿，芒果和河马) 2）无生命的+s 读音：[z] 如：zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, (袋鼠除外cangro-cangros)zero-zeros, bamboo（竹竿）-bamboos, tobacco（烟丝）-tobaccos 顺口溜：动物园里挂着一张照片，照片上是一片竹林前的钢琴上放着一台收音机 ⑥. 部分单词的单复数同形 顺口溜：中日警察来聚会，鹿、羊、鱼、牛把家回。（中日瑞不变，英法都要变，其他国人加S）（中国人，日本人赶着绵羊、梅花鹿去河边看鱼） 解释：Chinese,Japanese,police， deer, sheep, fish，cattle ，people， Swiss--Swiss Englishman--Englishmen, American—Americans，German--Germans. 除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 如：one yuan，two yuan；a dollar, two dollars; ⑦. 不规则名词复数：（鹅身上的牙和脚复数oo变ee、） 顺口溜：男士女士a变e；鹅牙双脚o变e；孩子后面加ren；老鼠虱子爱公牛， mouse, louse和ox. 解释：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen。 goose- geese； tooth-teeth, foot-feet。child-children。mouse-mice, louse-lice，ox-oxen。 2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就用“量词+of”。 例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice，a bottle of，a pair of 3、复合名词的复数变化：（顺口溜：属性不变、性别变）解释：three apple trees；three men teachers
冠词名词。代词形容词副词、介词的知识点
冠词 不定冠词的用法及语法说明 1. 用a 还是用an： 一般说来，在辅音或半元音开头的词前用a, 而在元音开头的词前用an。 注意： 有些以元音字母开头的单词，由于第一个音不是元音而是辅音，其前仍用a而不用an： a one-eyed man 一个独眼人 a European country 一个欧洲国家 2. 单数可数名词若泛指，其前需加a ，an, 不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉此不定冠词： He is a famous film star. 他是着名影星。 3. 专有名词转化为普通名词，其前可用a (an)，表示某某人或某某人的一部作品、艺术品等： a Mr Smith 一位名叫史密斯先生的人 4. 物质名词转化为普通名词，其前可以使用a (an)，有时表示相应产品或种类，有时表示数量关系： a good wine 一种好酒 5. 在序数词之前使用a (an)，可以表示数量或序数的增加： Soon I saw a second plane. 不久我又看到了一架飞机。 6. 与形容词的最高级连用，表示“非常”、“很”等： This is a almost interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。 7. 用于修饰名词的定语前，表示某种状态。此时的不定冠词含有类似a kind of 的意思：climate 气候→a mild climate 温和的气候 have breakfast 吃早餐→have a quick breakfast吃快餐 8. 不定冠词a (an) 与数词one 都可表示“一”，但是两者有差别： 不定冠词a (an) 表示“类别”概念，而数词one 表示“数量”概念 9. 两个单数可数名词连用表示一个整体时，只用一个冠词： He is a teacher and poet. 他既是老师又是诗人。 10. 与副词quite / rather 连用时，a (an) 一般要后置，但若其后的名词前有形容词修饰，则a (an) 放在quite rather 之前或之后均可以： He is rather a fool. 他是个大傻瓜。 It is quite a good book. 那是本很好的书。 It is a quite good book. 那是本很好的书。 11. 当too, so, as, how 等词之后接有“形容词＋单数可数名词”时，不定冠词a (an) 应放在形容词和单数可数名词之间 It is too difficult a book for us beginners. She is as good a cook as her mother. 12. 不定冠词可用来表示“类属”，这是其基本用法，它表明的是某一类属中的每一个人和东西都能说明该类属的整体情况。此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示。 正：A horse is a useful animal. 正：Horses are useful animals.