初中英语词性的分类及用法

初中英语词性的分类及用法
初中英语词性的分类及用法

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英语词性的分类及用法

一、词性的分类

词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类。

1 名词noun n. student 学生

2 代词pronoun pron. you 你

3 形容词adjective adj. happy 高兴的

4 副词adverb adv. quickly 迅速地

5 动词verb v. cut 砍、割

6 数词numeral num. three 三

7 冠词article art. a 一个

8 介词preposition prep. at 在...

9 连词conjunction conj. and 和

10 感叹词interjection interj. oh 哦

前六类叫实词,后四类叫虚词。

二、名词

名词概论

专有名词个体名词名可数名词集体名词词普通名词物质名词不可数名词抽象名词名词复数的规则变化

例词情况构成方法

map-maps -s

加一般情况

bag-bags

car-cars

bus-buses watch-watches

以s, sh, ch, x等加-es

结尾的词license-licenses

(d)gece, se, ze, -s 加等结尾的词baby---babies

再加为以辅音字母+yi变y

es

结尾的词名词的格

在英语中有些名词可以加?环来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下:

1)单数名词词尾加?环,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加?环,如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。

2)若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加?岯,如:the workers' struggle工人的斗争。

3)凡不能加?环的名词,都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。

(((((((.

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4)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。

5)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示分别有;只有一个's,则表示'共有'。

如:John's and Mary's room(两间)John and Mary's room(一间)

6)复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。如:a month or two's absence

三、代词

代词pronoun简称pron是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种

人称代词的用法:

I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.

我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her作主补)

a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶?

b. -- Me.--我。(me作主语补语= It's me.)

并列人称代词的排列顺序

1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:

第二人称-> 第三人称-> 第一人称you -> he/she; it -> I

2) 复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:

第一人称-> 第二人称-> 第三人称we->you ->They

反身代词

1)

I you you she he

himself

yourself

herself

myself yourselves

one we they it

oneself

themselves

ourselves

itself

指示代词

指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,

疑问代词

指人:who, whom, whose指物:what既可指人又可指物:which

代词比较辩异one, that和it

one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个。

I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个)

I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.( 同一物)

四、冠词

冠词是印欧语系和闪含语系的诸语中,位于名词或名词词组之前或之后,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。冠词是一种虚词。

不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是一个的意思。

定冠词的用法

定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有那(这)个的意思。

(((((((.

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1)特指双方都明白的人或物:Take the medicine.把药吃了。

2)上文提到过的人或事:He bought a house. I've been to the house.

3)指世上独一物二的事物:the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth

4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元;

the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。

5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:

Where do you live? I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二层。

6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:

They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)

They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)

7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:

She caught me by the arm..她抓住了我的手臂。

8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:

the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国

9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。

10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:the Greens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)

11) 用在惯用语中:

in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow

the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country)

in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of),in the end,

on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre

零冠词的用法

冠词与形容词+名词结构

1) 两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西。

He raises a black and a white cat.他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。

2) 如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一物。

He raises a black and white cat.他养了一只花猫。

冠词位置

1) 不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:

a. 位于下列形容词之后:such,what,many,half,

such an animal;Many a man

b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.

c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。

但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quite a lot

d. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes.

当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。

2) 定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。

All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。

五、数词

表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

数词的用法

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1)倍数表示法

a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as

I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。

b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length…) of…

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。

c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…

The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.

d. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍

The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.

2)分数表示法

构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用

复数:1/3 one-third ;3/37 three and three-sevenths

六、形容词及其用法

形容词(adjective),简称adj.或a.,很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否。

形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:

something nice

以-ly结尾的形容词

1)friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.

用形容词表示类别和整体

某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry

多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词

a small round table;a tall gray building;a dirty old brown shirt;a famous German medical school 典型例题:

1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.

A. little two other

B. two little other

C. two other little

D. little other two答案:C。

2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone

B. Chinese old stone

C. old stone Chinese

D. Chinese stone old答案A.

3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny

B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few

D. few sunny last答案:B。

七、副词及其基本用法

副词(adverb,简写为adv)是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。

副词的排列顺序:

时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。

(((((((.

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注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。

I don't know him well enough.

There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat.

兼有两种形式的副词

1) close与closely

close意思是近;closely 意思是仔细地

He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.

2)late 与lately

late意思是晚;lately 意思是最近

You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?

形容词与副词的比较级

1) 规则变化

可修饰比较级的词

a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等

典型例题:

1)---- Are you feeling ____?

---- Yes,I'm fine now.

A. any well

B. any better

C. quite good

D. quite better

答案:B. any 可修饰比较级,quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better.

2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.

A. more

B. much more

C. much

D. more much

答案:C. much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案。

3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.

A. the happiest time

B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time

D. a much happier time答案:D。

典型例题

1)The weather in China is different from____.

A. in America

B. one in America

C. America

D. that in America

答案:D. 本题意为中国的天气比美国热。比较的是天气而不是国家,C不能选。A没有名词,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用来代替可数名词,而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词,所以选D。

2)After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as

答案C. 此句意为这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍。表示倍数用倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象的句型。所以此句答案为C。

This ruler is three times as long as that one

八、动词

动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。

在英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可以把动词分成两种:及物动词与不及物动词。及物动词vt. 字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。及(((((((.…………………………

物动词:又称“他动词”。又称“外动词”。动词的一种。它所表示的动作常涉及动作者以外的事物,如“吃”、“穿”、“读”、“写”等。字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语。

不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得联系动词短语了

系动词

1)状态系动词:用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher.

2)持续系动词:用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。

3)表像系动词:用来表示看起来像这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:

He looks tired.他看起来很累。

4)感官系动词:感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:

This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.

5)变化系动词:这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如:He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。

6)终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实,变成之意,例如:The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。

非谓语动词

1)不定式

时态\语态主动被动

to be done to do 一般式to have been done

to have done

完成式)动名词2被动主动\时态语态

being done doing 一般式having been done

having done

完成式)分词3

\语态被动主动时态being done doing 一般式having been done

having done

完成式现在分词动名词,not + 否定形式:not +不定式,not +

十、连词它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的连词是一种虚词,

词组和分作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、not both…and, as well as, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, and, 句。如:but, or, nor,

等等。only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then

but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。……而是……not 和not…but…意思为不是

They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.

such

和比较so是副词,sosuch suchso其规律由与的不同词性决定。是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,(((((((.

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只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用,形成固定搭配。

so + adj. such + a(n) + n.

so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)

so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)

so + adj. + n. [不可数] such +n. [不可数]

so foolish ;such a fool so nice a flower;such a nice flower

so many/ few flowers;such nice flowers so much/little money;such rapid progress

so many people ;such a lot of people

十一、介词

介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词,

一、概念:

1)介词(是prepositions,简称prep),又称前置词,是英语中最活跃的词类之一,连接主语和表语。特别是一些常用介词的搭配力特别强,可以用来表示各种不同的意思。英语里大部分习语都是由介词和其他词构成的。介词在句中一般不重读。在定语从句“介词+who/which”的结构中,不能用that 代替who/which。She is a good student from who we should

learn.

2)介词的种类介词分简单介词和短语介词两种,简单介词及单个介词,如

in ,under ,on ,for ,after ,等,短语介词指多个单词构成的介词,如in front of ,out of ,instead

of ,far from ,apart from 等。

二.相关知识点精讲

介词口诀:自从以当为按照,由于对于为了到;和跟把比在关于,除了同对向往朝;用在名词代词前,修饰名代要记牢。.

省略介词的几种情况

1、表示时间的短语中如果有next,last,one,this,every,each,some,any,all等单词时,不用介词

Can you come to see me next Monday?下周一你能来看我吗?

We got married last year 我们去年结的婚。

You can come any day you like 你哪一天来都行。

2、在口语中,星期名称前得on常被省略

Why don't you come and play(on)Sunday evening?星期日晚上到我家来玩不好吗?

3、在不定冠词a或an(a或an的意思是“每一......”)的短语中,不用介词。

three meals a day 一日三餐

thirty miles an hour 每小时三十英里

4、在what time前的at经常被省略,尤其在口语中。

(At)what time did she say she was coming?她说她几点钟来?

5、含有height(高度),length(长度),size(尺码),shape(现状),age(年龄),colour(颜色),weight(重量)等词语在句子中做表语时,短语前不用介词。

She is just the right height to be a model 她的身高正合适当模特。

What size are your shoes?你的鞋是多大号的?

(((((((.

…………………………

Her bag is the same color as mine 她的包和我的包颜色一样

6、在in the same way,in this way,in another way等短语中,in常常被省略

Please try it again (in)the same way 请用同样的方法再试一次

7、在表示持续一段时间的短语中,for常被省略

They stayed there (for)six months 他们在那里待了6个月

常连用的主要用例时结

often;陈述句I am an office workerb1usually;They are at homeHe is so lazyam/is/arevery…now.

示,之后接sometimes;

词,形容词I am not Tim.否定句always;She is not very beautiful.介词never;

They are not in the office.once/twice/…aofficeyouan状态或一般疑问句Are

week/month/year;

assistant? Is she beautiful?on Sundays/Mondays/….行为动词陈述句I work in Shanghai.2作或状He works at home.

Davy never watches TV at home.引导V-s/eintheI否定:do'tlikefood

KFC.

d句,infoodlikeDavydoesn'tthe;第三don'KFC either.称时doedoedoesn't:

一般疑问coffee?ofayouDowantcup出现动词用subwaytheliveDoesshenear形;第三人station?

后陈述es.

yesterday;

动词用bI was a big boss.He was陈述句the day before yesterday;beautiful.

walast week/month/year/….We were in Beijing last year.

表示wer…ago: I was not at home at that

否定a moment ago;moment.状态just now;

We were not at work yesterday.

on/in: Were you a teacher?一般疑问过去的时;

Was she in the office last week?

I worked in Sunmoon.陈述句行为动词时HeEnglishWestudiedthere.V-e陈述句lived in HongKong.疑问句和否定句借助于否定句: I didn't work here.did,liked They She me. see didn't 有did出现动English a lot.

词用原形。to 句问疑般一go you Did :

America?

Did he work in Sunmoon?

(((((((.

…………………………

例结常连用的

tomorrow,to

flyIwill1+will+KongKong tomorrow.the day after tomorrow;.原He will go with us.soon;或状态Shanghaiinwillarrivenext week/month/year/...;We

next week.week/month/year/...the

after next;believe

never:Iwill否定you again.将来的时间on/in He will not come tonight..

一段时间innextcarbuyaWewillnot

year.

:Will you go there一般疑问by train?

Will he come tomorrow?

five-starliveaWilltheyhotel?

is/am/are+going2totogo陈述句I'mgoing

Kongkong by air原形,表示计to+tonotgoing否定打算做什么事情:Weare

buy a house here.

:Are they going to一般疑问change their jobsyouare:Howgoing to tell him?

+goingtowas/were多用在宾语从句陈述句I was going to buy acomputer.

原were

thatmetheyTheytoldnot going to go abroad.作:I was not going to buy否定a computer. inHesaidhecomeinwould++would任何人Shanghai原形car would said I I buy a you

one day.

结构例句主要用法常连用的词时态名称(((((((.

…………………………

is/am/are+V-inboyformy表示现陈述句I'mwaitingnofriend.

at present;(He is doing the housework at homeat the moment;now.

放在句);)Look!We are enjoying ourselves.发生的Listen! 放在句);

:He is not playing toys.

否定情having:Areyoudinner at home?

Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?

doingareyou特殊疑问:What

now?

Where are they having a meal?

at that time;was/were+V-ing

I was doing my homework过去一陈述句at that time.at this time yesterday;时间正hewhilehavingapartyWewere发生的atwas sleeping.+yesterday/last night;作at that moment;11 atwasnotsleeping否定:Heo'clock last nightwatchingyou一般疑问:WereTV at that time?

: What were you doing特殊疑问句at that moment?

常连用的词结构例句时态主要用法

名称p.phave/has+ Davy. already told have 来表示陈述句:I already;just;before; 用Davy has known this matter.

发前已;ever;之(过去分词)yet(否定句中)He has lived here for nearly 10 years. 成或完

once/twice/…生never;my finished 句:I haven't 或一段时间;的动作否定for+homework.. 其状态,since +时间点;Tim hasn't come yet.确果的一段时间since++ago; 结We haven't heard any news about him有现在by+现在时间;和so far; up to now; till now; here he worked 动一般疑问句: Has 联系。since he came here? until now; 态或状现在作recently/lately; you have : How long 发生在过特殊疑问句完成worked in this company? the during/over/in 时的去但它past/last….在影响现;存在还示可表也现续到持作在的动。状态或的简单是,就说(((((((.

…………………………

作生造响介词:总是或一直是什么样子1. have/has always been名形容特别注意He has always been a good father. I have always been busy.

They have always been in America.

表示去过或tohave/hasbeen去了3.2. have/has gone toHe has gone to Beijing.

过I have been to Canada. Have you beenThey have gone to the cinema.

to Hongkong?

neverhavebeen?IWherehaveyou

been here.

He said he had told Davy.陈述句过去的过去作had+p.(the

hadfinishedtoldustheyThey过by过去的时间去分词work.

过去过去某动作或时间calledhadofficeafterheHeleftthe的时间状语Davy.过before

dinnerhadn'thad完否定:She

she went outEnglishlearnt:Hadshe一般疑问before she moved here?

:how many English words特殊疑问句had he learnt by the end of last year?

补充:

may没有否定形式。一、情态动词can, must, may。: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot. 陈述句smoke in the office.

否定句:I can't swim at all. You mustn't(表示禁止): Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone? 一般疑问句How can I get there? What must I do now? 特殊疑问句:could. —由情态动词的过去式构成,canShe could walk when she was one year old.

I could not speak English one year ago.

二、各种时态用法补充:1、一般现在时if, 以及在由(1)after, until, befor, once, when, even if ,in case, as long as, as soon as, the moment 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时。unlessI will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 例:我一看见他,就把消息告诉他。某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动(2) 等。词有:be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave也常用一般现在时代替将来等引导的从句中,在由(3)why, what, where, whoever, who, that,as(((((((.

…………………………

时。

例:Tomorrow at this time we'll give $500 to any one who brings him to justice.

2、一般将来时

(1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或即将发生的事情。

例:I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money.

(2)be to +v表示计划安排将要做的事。

例:There is to be a rail strike on July 18th.

(3)be about to+v表示即将发生的事情。

例:We are about to start.

(4)be due to+v表示预先确定了的、必定要发生的事。

例:His book is due to be published in October.

他的书预定10月份出版。

(5)be on the point/verge of +(v-ing)sth.强调即将发生的某种事态。

例:The country is on the verge of civil war.

这个国家就要打内战了。

3、现在进行时

(1)表示现阶段经常发生的动作,常与always, continually, constantly等连用(多表示赞扬或厌恶等语气)。

例:John is always coming late. 约翰总是迟到。

(2)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词,即

表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有;go, come, leave,

start, arrive,return等。

例:They are leaving for Hongkong next monty.

他们下个月去香港。

(3)有些动词一般不能使用进行时,这是一类表示“感觉”、“感情”、“存在”、“从属”等的动词。如:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, appear(表示感觉的动词);hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive(表示感情的动词);be, exist, remain, stay, obtain(表示存在状态的动词);have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of , form(表示占有与从属的动词);understand,

know, belive, think, doubt, forget, remember(表示思考、理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变,有时也可使用进行时态。

例:Jane looks pale.What's wrong with him?

珍妮看上去脸色苍白,她怎么了?(look在此为联系动词)

例:Jane is looking for his books.

珍妮正在寻找她的书。(look在此为实义动词)

4.完成进行时

完成进行时是完成时的强调形式。

5.完成时态

(1)现在完成时与与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时强调过去发生的动作与现在的关系,如所发生的结果、影响等;而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去表示某一时刻,不表示与现在的关系。

(2)完成时态可用在下列结构中:

This(That,It)is(was )the first(second….)time+定语从句:

This(That,It)is(was) the only (last)+名词+定语从句;

This(This,It)is (was)+形容词最高级+名词+定语从句。

(((((((.

…………………………

如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词动词通常用现在完成时;

如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词通常用过去完成时。

例1:This is the first time(that )I've drunk Californian champagne.

这是我第一次喝加利福尼亚香槟酒。

例2:There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

有人敲门,这是当天晚上第二次有人打扰我了。

6.动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望,预期,意图或愿望等没有实现。

例1:I had meant to leave to on Monday, but have stayed on.

我本来打算星期一离开,但最终还是继续留下来了。

另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是:

7.was / were+ to have done sth.

例1:We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn't.

我们本想昨天来的,但我们来不了。

8.intended (expected, hoped, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired)+ to have done

sth.

例:1I mean to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.

我本想告诉你这件事,但我忘掉了。

9.过去完成时常用于以下固定句型:

(1)hardly / scarcely / barely+过去完成时(倒装形式)+when +过去时

例1:Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with.

我一到达就有新问题要处理。

(2) no sooner+过去完成时(倒装形式)+than +过去时。

例1:No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent. 这话刚说出口,他就意识到他本该保持沉默的。

(3)by(the end of )+过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。

例1:By the end of that year Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.

到那年年底,亨利已收集了一千多张外国邮票

一、概况

(((((((.

英语词性的分类及用法

英语词性的分类及用法 一、词性的分类 词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类。 1 名词noun n. student 学生 2 代词pronoun pron. you 你 3 形容词adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4 副词adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 5 动词verb v. cut 砍、割 6 数词numeral num. three 三 7 冠词article art. a 一个 8 介词preposition prep. at 在... 9 连词conjunction conj. and 和 10 感叹词interjection interj. oh 哦 前六类叫实词,后四类叫虚词。 二、名词 名词概论 名词复数的规则变化 其它名词复数的规则变化 1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:如:two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时: a. 加s,如:photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos; b. 加es,如:potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a. 加s,如:belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs; b. 去f, fe 加-ves,如:half---halves

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词性的划分 1 Edison(爱迪生) Helen(海伦)Mr.Wang(王先生) Asia(亚洲) China(中国)New York(纽约) book()dog( )tree()water() work()music()truth() 2 I()you()she()he()it() this()these()that() some()other()all () what()which() 3 big()tall()good()afraid()glad()many()some()no() 4 a book()a car() an egg()an American() The book on the desk ()The cars they sell() 5 be(am、is、are 、was、were、)() come()go()feel () do()eat()read ()write () 6 not()here()now()well()fast()happily ()carefully() 7 at、by in of on to、with because of()in front of() My book is in my schoolbag() My computer is on the desk() 8 and()but ()or()so() that()because()since() 9 Ah Oh My God 10 one two three four five six seven eight first second third fourth fifth sixth senenth eighth

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人教版七至九年级英语单词归类: [常用词按类别分] 交通工具类(13): bus,car,boat,ship,taxi,plane,train,streamer,jeep,motorcar,bicycle,run car,airplane 国家类(29): China,America,Egypt,Brazil,South Korea,North Korea,Poland,New Zealand,Japan,France,England,Canada,Australia,Argentina,Holland,Vietnam,India,Italy,Greece,Mexico,Russia,Sweden,Norway,Spain,German,Switzerland,Thailand,Greece,South Africa 身体部位(23): Head,foot,leg,tooth,hand,ear,eye,nose,mouth,face,arm,back,neck,stomach,throat,heart,knee,finger,toe,body,hair,beard,elbow 服饰类(28): scarf,belt,sneakers,wallet,earring,hat,jeans,watch,straw hat,ring,skate shoes,backpack,tie,bag,pants,socks,dress,coat,shirt,T-shirt,skirt,shorts,sweater,shoes,uniform,jacket,earring,hair clip 场所类(38): club,restaurant,store,supermarket,museum,school,library,hotel,auditorium,pool,post office,bank,park, zoo, market, garden, hospital, TV Station, Police station,beach,cinema, church, factory, farm, shop, theater, aquarium, college, dining room, barber

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大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。 英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种 人称代词的用法: I saw her with them,at least,I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her作主补) a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶? b. -- Me.--我。 并列人称代词的排列顺序 1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为: 如:You, he and I should return on time. 2) 复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为: 反身代词 指示代词 指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,

七年级英语上册单词词性分类表

七年级英语上册单词词性分类表 七年级英语上册单词词性分类表 一、名词 A 1atr 2address 3afternn 4age alar l 6anser 7apple 8art 9August 10aunt B 1bapa 2bag 3ball 4banana band

6baseball 7basetball 8bat 9bed 10bilg 11birth 12birthda 13blan 14b 1base 16b 17breafast 18bring 19brli 20brther 21bus1ard 2arrt 3ase 4D hair 6hess 7hien

9it 10lass 11ler 12l 13lthes 14lub 1lletin 16lr 17ed 18puter 19ntest 20nversatin 21usin 22rea D 1dad 2date 3daughter 4da Deeber 6desriptin

8dessert 9ditinar 10dinner 11duentar 12dg 13dllar 14draer 1dresser 16dru E 1egg 2e-ail 3English 4eraser evening 6exaple 7fail 8father 9Februar 10festival 11flr

13fries 14Frida 1friend 16fruit 17furniture 18gae 19girl 20grandfather 21grandther 22guitar 23haburger 24hat 2histr 26hbb 27her 28htel 29ie 30ie rea1anuar 2b 3une 4ul1e

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