(完整版)小学英语毕业总复习资料

(完整版)小学英语毕业总复习资料
(完整版)小学英语毕业总复习资料

小学英语毕业总复习资料

有关的词汇

人称(I,you…)、动物、交通工具、颜色、家庭成员、日常用品、身体部位、数词、衣服鞋袜、国名、形容词(描述外形特征的词)、动词(表示行为动作的词)、方位介词(前后上下……)主食(饭,面包,面条,蛋糕…)、水果、饮料、疑问词(wh-开头的词语)……

话题

关于姓名的对话、询问年龄、关于颜色、关于爱好、关于拥有(×××有……)、关于问好、打招呼、关于选择、指向(如:这是……?)、问数量、问来自哪里、问“你在做什么”、问价格、问能力(Can you…)、问出行方式、提出请求(如:May I have…?)、命令与禁止、问是谁、问是谁的、提建议(Let’s…)、问最喜欢的动物是什么以及书上的有关对话等等

☆时态☆

小学阶段一共学了四种时态,分别是:一般现在时,一般将来时,现在进行时,一般过去时。

句式

there be、have got、祈使句和感叹句。

一、国际音标

[p] [t] [d] [k] [ɡ] [f] [v] [?] [t?] [s] [z] [?] [d?] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] [θ] [e] [h] [m] [n] [?] [l] [r] [w] [j] [i:] [e] [?] [?:] [?] [a:] [?] [u:] [u] [?:] [?][ai] [ei] [?i] [i?] [??] [u?] [au] [ ?u]

二、字母

1、英语的26个字母中有5个元音字母和一个半元音字母。

2、元音字母:Aa、Ee、Ii、Oo、Uu。

半元音字母:Yy。

3、按照相同元音音素进行归类为:

4、字母的大写

1)英语中句子第一个词首字母要大写。

2)人名中姓和名的首字母要大写。

3)国家、城市、乡、镇等地名的首字母要大写。

4)民族的首字母要大写。

5)植物或称呼的首字母要大写。

6)专有名词的首字母要大写。

7)表示“我”的单词“I”永远大写。

5、趣味阅读。

英语的26个字母在日常生活中可以用来表示某一种东西。

表示时间:a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午,A.D.表示公元,B.C.表示公元前。

表示某一物体:TV表示电视,O表示圆形物,T表示丁字形。

表示方向:E、W、S、N分别表示东,西,南,北。

表示罗马数字:I表示1,V表示5,X表示10,L表示50,C表示100。

表示某一机构、组织或国家:BBC代表英国广播公司,CCTV表示中国中央电视台,CCP表示中国共产党。

用在铅笔标签上:B表示铅笔黑色的浓度,H表示铅笔的硬度。

表示单位:cm表示厘米,kg表示千克,t表示吨,g表示克,h表示小时。

表示化学元素符号:O表示氧,C表示碳,K表示钾。

三、名词的复数的变化规则:

1)一般情况直接加s,如map-maps,book-books

2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的加es,如class-classes,peach-peaches

3)以元音字母+y结尾的直接加s,如day-days,toy-toys

4)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i再加es,如library-libraries,factory-factories

5)以f或fe结尾的变f或fe为v,再加es,如knife-knives,shelf-shelves

6)以o结尾的有生命的单词,加es,如tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes

7)以o结尾无生命的单词,直接加s,如radio-radios,photo-photos

8)单复数同形,如Chinese,fish,sheep

9)不规则变化要记牢。如child-children,foot-feet,man-men

四、代词

(二)物主代词

1、形容词性物主代词

2

3

4、疑问代词

1)what

用于疑问句什么用于感叹句多么

2)who谁

3)whose谁的

4)which哪个

疑问副词

1)when什么时候

2)where在哪

3)why为什么

4)how怎么样

how old 多大how many 多少how much 多少how long多久how often多久(问频率)how soon多久(将来)how tall多高how big 多大

5、不定代词

1)some

2)any

3)one可以指人也可以指物。有复数形式ones和所有格one’s

4)everyone 做主语时谓语动词要用单三形式

5)other不确指。the other指两者中的另一个,others表示别人或别的东西。

6)many和much many指代或修饰复数可数名词,much一般只指代或修饰不可数名词。

五、介词

1、表示位置:

2、表示时间:

3、表示原因:

4、表示手段、工具:

5、表示伴随:

6、表示具有:

7、表示关于:

8、表示比较:

9、表示条件:

10、表示根据:

六、形容词

1、两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,和别修饰的名词关系比较密切的形容词更靠近名词。如She’s a good English teacher。

2、多个形容词连用时应该按照下列顺序排列

限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等)-----数词----描绘形容词(短词在前,长词在后)----表示特征的形容词(大小、形状、新旧、年龄长幼等)----表示颜色的形容词----表示国籍的专有形容词+名词。如a nice old Chinese clock Lily is wearing her nice blue dress.

3、something、anything、nothing应放在形容词前面。如There is nothing wrong in your homework.

七、冠词

有a、an、the。a和an有具体的意思,一(个…),the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于辅音音素前。

八、时态

1、一般现在时

A、表示不受时限的客观存在

如:He is a boy. She is a student. My mother is a nurse.

This is a dog. I have a story-book.

B、表示现在的习惯动作,即指现在经常发生的动作,一般现在时常用来表示现在时间里某种动作的经常性和习惯性。它常与表示程度或频度的词连用,如:often(经常), usually(通常,一般), sometimes(有时), always(总是,一直), never(从不)

如:I often go to school on foot. My father works in a school.

Mike watches TV every day.

I usually play computer games on the weekend.

C、表示现时的状态和现在瞬间动作

如:How are you? You look happy.

What’s the matter with you? I have a headache.

What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken.

☆注意☆英语动词的现在时与原形同形。但当主语是第三人称单数时,须在词尾加-s 或-es。例

如:

I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital.

Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English.

动词+s的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。

在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。

2、一般将来时

表示在将来会发生的事或动作。它常与表示将来的时间连用,如:tomorrow , next week , next year , this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等。

☆注意☆一般将来时小学阶段主要学了两种结构:

①be going to + 动词的原形/ 地点

be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。

肯定句:be going to +动词原形,如:Jim is going to play football.

否定句:be not going to +动词原形,如:Jim is not going to play football.

一般疑问句:把be动词调到句首,如:Is Jim going to play football?

特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时:疑问词+be+going to+动词原形?如:Who is going to play football?

②will + 动词的原形

例句:I’m going to go shopping this afternoon.

She is going to Hong Kong next week.

You will see many birds in the sky.

3、现在进行时

表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。

☆注意☆它的构成是:be的现在时形式(am , is , are)加动词的ing形式。

现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.

现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

如:What are you doing? I’m writing a letter.

What are they doing? They’re swimming.

Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.

Look, Amy is reading an English book.

☆注意☆动词的ing形式的构成规则:

①一般的直接在后面加上ing ,

如doing , going , working , singing , eating

②以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing

③双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting ,stopping,shopping,cutting,winning,clapping,beginning

4、一般过去时

主要用来表示在特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态,也可表示过去的习惯动作。它与现在时间不发生关系,它表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。它经常与表示过去的时间连用。如:

I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night.

I watched TV yesterday evening.

I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test.

☆注意☆一般过去时主要体现在动词的形式要用过去式,动词的过去式的构成规则有:

A、规则动词

①一般直接在动词的后面加ed;

如worked , learned , cleaned , visited

②以e结尾的动词直接加d;如lived , danced , used

③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study – studied carry – carried worry – worried

(play、stay除外)

④双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped ,clapped

B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:

am/is – was , are – were , become—became,begin—began,bring—brought,

buy – bought , come – came , cut—cut,do – did , draw – drew , drink – drank ,

eat – ate , fall—fell,feel – felt ,find – found , fly – flew , forget—forgot,get – got ,

give—gave, go – went , have – had , hear—heard,know—knew,leave – left ,

lose – lost , make-- made,mean—meant,meet—met put—put,

read—read , ring—rang,run--ran, say – said , see – saw , sell—sold,send—sent,

sit—sat,steal—stole,sing – sang , swim – swam , take—took,tell—told , wear—wore,write—wrote,win—won

Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)

⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday?

特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如:What did Jim do yesterday?

⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?

☆注意☆句子的形式:

1、肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:

I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

There are four fans in our classroom.

I’m going to buy a comic book tonight. He will eat lunch at 12:00.

I’m reading a book. They are swimming.

I watched TV yesterday evening.

2、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:

I’m not a student.She is not (isn’t) a doctor.

He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital.

There are not four fans in our classroom.

I’m not going to buy a comic book tonight.

He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00.

I’m not reading a book.They are not (aren’t) swimming.

I did not (didn’t) watch TV ye sterday evening.

☆注意☆小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词“not”。有动词be的句子则“not”加在be后面,可缩写成“isn’t,aren’t”,但am not 一般都分开写。没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。

3、一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。如:Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.

Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.

Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

Are there four fans in o ur classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.

Are you going to buy a comic book tonight?

Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.)

Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won’t).

Are you reading a book? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.

Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

☆注意☆小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,

①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。

②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。

这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。

4、特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。如:

What is th is? It’s a computer.

What does he do? He’s a doctor.

Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.

Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.

Which season do you like best? Summer.

When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.

Whose ski rt is this? It’s Amy’s.

Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.

How are you? I’m fine. / I’m happy.

How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.

☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如:how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy (多重)

例句:How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.

How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.

How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.

☆小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,

How many + 名词复数+ do you have? 你有多少……?

How many + 名词复数+ can you see? 你能看见多少……?

How many + 名词复数+ are there…?有多少……?

Have got、Has got和There be结构

1、There be结构包括there is there are there was there were

2、意思都是“有”。

3、和have got、has got、had got的区别:

(1)There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)

(2)在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。

(3)there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。

(4)there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。

(5)some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑问句。(6)and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句,or 用于否定句或疑问句。

(7)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:How many + 名词复数+ are there + 介词短语?How much + 不可数名词+ is there + 介词短语?

(8)针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:What’s + 介词短语?

(9)There be结构一般用在句子的开头,而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。

九、感叹句:What +a/an +形容词+名词!How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!

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