高考英语全国卷语法填空题分析及应对策略

高考英语全国卷语法填空题分析及应对策略
高考英语全国卷语法填空题分析及应对策略

高考英语全国卷语法填空题分析及应对策略

高考英语全国卷语法填空题分析及应对策略

语法填空是从语法角度对短文进行适当的分散挖空,考查方式

分为自由填空类及提示性填空类。其目的是考查学生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法的能力。

2月25日,距2014年高考还剩102天,教育部2014年普通高

等学校招生全国统一考试大纲新课标版新鲜出炉。新疆依据国家高考大纲制定了本省的考试说明,为今年新疆高考考生指明了方向,也是考生复习的总指挥棒。进行高考改革增设语法填空,我省高中学生对这一新题型非常陌生。得知这一消息后,我校高三教师立即组织大量试题有针对性地对高三学生就这一题型进行反复练习,近两个月系列的强化训练之后,学生掌握了一定的解题技巧,然而,从他们在练习及考试中对这一题型方面的解题情况来看,依然存在着很多不足,结果仍不令人满意。为更好的解决这一难题,使我校在2014年高考中

英语学科考试取得优异成绩,并为高二、高一师生在做这一新题型上提供帮助和指导。

我们对学生在应对该题型上存在的问题做了如下归纳:

一、学生词汇量不足

有的学生在平时英语学习中不重视英语词汇的积累,或是对所学词汇没能及时地、反复地巩固,造成词汇量缺乏。在这些学生中,有不少人在高考前都想走“捷径”,想方设法寻求解答这一题型的常填词汇,他们认为即便在不了解文章大意的情况下,填上那些常用词汇,就能拿上几分,以此来提高得分率。词汇是听说、阅读、写作的基础。如若没有掌握好基本词汇,就不能顺利地进行听说读写,所以乱填乱写只能瞎撞,当然不能获得好成绩的。

二、不知如何解答

有的学生做题时显得慌乱,在未获取全文大意的情况下就匆忙下笔,结果是事倍功半。而正确的解题技巧应是先浏览文章,获取文章的大意,然后从易后难地排除障碍试着填空,最后是复核检查答案。

在这一解题过程中,有部分学生不能从易至难地解题,而是卡在某个空上费时过多,不能在规定的时间内做完题。所以对学生来说,掌握一定的解题技巧是必要的,这样能帮助他们花较少的时间,获得更好的解题效果。

三、考点不明确

从学生做题情况来看,不少学生是由于不熟悉语法填空的命题形式,不明确考查内容与范围,在解题时填了很多不着边际的词汇,而造成失分。他们对语法填空要考查的语法项目内容,如连词,表并列关系的连词and,or,表转折关系的连词but,while,表因果关系的连词because,so等;副词,如ly结尾的副词probably,possibly 等;代词,指示代词it,he,反身代词herself等;介词,如with,at,on等;关联词,如what,that,where等;非谓语动词,如现在分词、过去分词等;冠词a,an,the 和其它语法项目一概不清楚,这样做题时只是糊里糊涂,乱填一通。要做好语法填空题,当然是先要弄清楚考点,明确考查范围,才能做到有的放矢。

四、语法基本功太差

语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究,指英语中语言的结构规律。它大致可以分成三大板块:词法、句法及语法。依我看来,学生没能过好语法关,包含两方面的原因。一是有的教师认为说好英语不需要懂得什么语法,由此,他们就产生了“淡化语法教学”的想法,有的甚至忽视语法,认为新教材不重视语法,高考题不单纯考语法,就没有必要再重视语法教学了。这是造成学生没能学好语法的原因之一。二是教师重视语法教学,而学生自身没能逐一掌握好各语法项目,对具体语法项目混乱不清,造成误用错用现象。这具体表现在不少学生基础语言知识和结构掌握不牢,不能用准确的标准英语进行口头表达,写不了几个没有任何语法错误的完整英语句子。

如何提高学生解答语法填空的能力是我们教师一直在不断探索

的问题。依我看来,要切实提高学生解答语法填空的能力,教师在教学中应从以下方面着手:

一、切实抓好词汇教学,让学生过好词汇关

语法填空旨在考查学生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及

熟练运用语法的能力。从学生的答卷来看,在提示性填空题中,因不知道所给单词词性,造成无从下笔填写是学生在解答语法填空中存大的一个较突出的问题。由于上述原因造成的错填、误填现象层出不穷,如有的学生在句子需填主语的空上填了谓语动词形式、副词等,而在需填谓语动词形式的空上填了名词、介词等。所以在平时的词汇教学中,教师要求学生在记忆单词的词义的同时,也要提醒他们记忆词汇的词性,并让学生明白不同词性的词汇在句子中的功用的异同,如主语可由名词或相当于名词的一类词担当,谓语是由动词担当等,以此来降低或减少学生的错答率。另外,让学生记住常用的动词短语、介词短语和重要的句子结构等是必要的。掌握解题技巧能有效地提高学生的解题效率,但如果没有充足的词汇量,让学生掌握再多的解题技巧都能只是空话。

二、语法教学常抓不懈,让学生过好语法关

众所周知,学习语言必须遵循语言的学习规律。学生没有好基本的语法知识就不可能有好的英语语言运用能力。片面强调学生语言交际能力的培养,而忽略英语教学中语言基础知识教学对于学生语法掌握是非常不利的。

要让学生过好语法关,首先应让学生了解学好语法的重要性。我国著名教育家、翻译家张威廉先生说过“中国中青年人学外语必须搞清楚语法。”英语泰斗葛传?先生也表达了同样的见解“英语语法是英国语言的实际用法,…学习语法比不学习语法好,这点可以说是毫无疑问的。”这些名人明确地指出学好英语语法的重要性。没学好语法,学生是无法听懂教师上课,无法用英语与别人交流,无法看懂课文和阅读文章,具体到解题方面来说,那就是不能做好题。教师可以结合学生解答语法填空中出现的一些问题,指明有的学生由于没能掌握好语法知识而在解题中出现的主谓不一致、语态误用等。让学生意识到学好语法的重要性。其次,要端正学生学习语法的态度。因为语法学习是一个长期积累、不断提高的过程。我们不能把语法学习视作为“任务式”的被迫学习,也不能急躁地想在短期内把语法学好,只有扎扎实实地吃透各个语法项目,才能掌握好语法,过好语法关。另外,在教学中,教师应合理安排好语法课,让学生掌握好语法各项内

容。英语语法包含的内容种类繁多,如果只是在课堂教学中附带讲解语法知识而没有进行专门系统的讲练及复习巩固,学生是很难掌握好的。学习语法不能只记其规律。语法知识的巩固应把教材内容与所学语法有机地联系起来。在教学中,让学生在学习课文时确实感受一下所学语法在文章中真实且灵活的运用是帮助他们巩固语法知识的有效途径。另外,教师应指导学生在平时的遣词造句及写作中运用所学语法知识进行写作,并且运用语法知识检查行文,这样学生的语法知识通过实际运用才能得以巩固、加强。

在很多方面,学生学习英语还得靠英语语法作为支撑。同样,要解答好语法填空题,当然离不开坚实的语法知识。有了坚实的语法知识,他们就可以在解题中对自己所使用的语言形式进行较为正确的分析与判断,这就是解题能力提高的具体体现。

-----分享文档,传播知识,赠人以花,手自留香。

2017年高考英语全国卷I--语法填空答案及详解

第二节(共10小题;每小题 1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67(be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 翻译:最近,在食品服务业方面有一种朝着低脂肪和少盐的趋势。这种趋势最初是由医学界发起,用来作为防御心脏病的一种方式,已经产生一些意料之外的副作用,例如,肥胖 和心脏病,这正好是医学界致力去防御的疾病。 脂肪和盐分是每日膳食中的重要部分。我们需要他们去加工处理摄入的食物、有助于伤病的恢复和满足几项人体正常的运作。当脂肪和盐分从食物当中被去除了,食物尝起来 好像有所缺失。结果,人们会吃更多的食物来补偿缺失的东西。甚至更糟糕的是,人们吃 了更多的快餐食品。快餐中脂肪和盐的含量很高;由于吃了更多的快餐,人们会摄入比他 们在饮食中所需要的更多的盐分和脂肪。 通过每日饮食摄入足够的脂肪和盐分会减少在两餐之间吃点心的欲望,而且会提高你的食物的味道。然而,要注意不要摄入过量。跟其他食物一样,我们也有可能会吃太多, 这一点是对我们的健康不利。 61.as 考查介词。根据句意“这一趋势最开始被医学界作为一种治疗心脏病方法”可知这里 表达“作为”之意,所以答案填as。 62.effects 考查名词单复数。有前面的修饰短语some可知这里的side effects应该用复数,所以答案填effects。 63.to process 考查非谓语动词。根据固定短语be required to do sth.“被要求做某事”可知此处答案填to process。

语篇型语法填空专题自测题组

自测题组 Passage 1-2018辽宁大连一模 答案 [语篇解读]在东汉初,随着佛教传入中国,人们开始雕刻石狮子。如今,在传统建筑大门口以及桥梁之上常见到石狮子的雕塑。 https://www.360docs.net/doc/da6427325.html,monly设空处修饰动词,故填副词。commonly广泛地;通常。common为形容词,意为“常见的;共同的;共有的”。 2.is regarded设空处在句中作谓语动词。be regarded as被看作;被当作。根据语境可知本句为一般现在时态。 3.officials句意:石狮子也被用来表明官员的等级。由介词of可知此处用名词作宾语,official 官员,为可数名词,根据语境可知用复数。 4.at at the beginning of...在……初;在……开始时。 5.the因为特指佛教的传入,故在前面加定冠词the。 6.which设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词the lion,在从句中作主语,故填关系代词which。 7.bravery设空处作介词of的宾语,与power和good luck并列,故填名词。bravery勇敢。 8.to decorate句意:因为同样的原因,以石狮子雕像来装饰桥梁也非常流行。It在句中作形式主语,用不定式短语作真正的主语。 9.best在以石狮子来装饰的桥梁中,最为著名的就是卢沟桥。根据语境可知此处用最高级, 表示“最为著名的桥梁”。 10.built设空处作定语,修饰the Lugou Bridge,因为the Lugou Bridge与build之间为被动关系, 故由过去分词作定语。 长难句The earliest stone lions were sculpted at the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty with the introduction of Buddhism into ancient China.在东汉初,随着佛教传入古代中国,最早的石狮子被雕刻出来。 本句为简单句。句子使用了被动语态,at the beginning of...以及with短语在句中作状语。 高级语块 1.regard...as...把……当作…… 2.represent vt. 代表;象征 3.keep off使不接近

【英语】 英语语法填空专题练习(及答案)及解析

【英语】英语语法填空专题练习(及答案)及解析 一、语法填空 1.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A hotel chain is employing human bed warmers to help guests get a good night's sleep. ________ (dress) in special all-in-one sleeping suits, the walking electric blankets are sent to warm the beds of guests staying at the Holiday Inn ________ they get under the covers. Dr Chris Idzikowski, ________ (direct) of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre, said the idea could help people get off to sleep. He ________ (explain) that "There's plenty of scientific evidence to show that sleep starts at the beginning of the night ________ body temperature starts to drop. The drop occurs partly because the blood vessels (血管) ________ the hands, face and feet open up and release heat." "A warm bed –approximately 20 to 24 degrees Celsuis –is ________ good way to start this process while a cold bed isn't. It helps people sleep well especially as it's taking much ________ (long) for them to warm up when they come in from the snow." Dr Chris Idzikowski and ________ (he) colleague Jane Bednall said the idea was like "having a giant hot water bottle in your bed". The five-minute free bed warming sessions will be tried out in London and Manchester ________ the end of next month. 【答案】 Dressed;before;director;explained;when;of;a;longer;his;at 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一款新发明的暖床器以及使用暖床器的好处。 (1)考查非谓语动词。句意:行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。动词dress与这句话的主语the walking electric blankets之间是被动关系,故填Dressed。 (2)考查状语从句。句意:行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。根据句意,客人睡觉之前需要暖床,故填before。 (3)考查名词。句意:爱丁堡睡眠中心的主任Chris Idzikowski博士说,这个办法能帮助人们更好地入睡。空格前是一个人名,两个逗号之间的部分是这个人名的同位语,所以应填一个表示人的名词。故填director。 (4)考查时态。句意:他解释,有充分科学依据显示,入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。由上一句中said使用的是一般过去时可知,这句话也应使用一般过去时。故填explained。 (5)考查定语从句。句意:他解释,有充分科学依据显示,入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。根据句意,这是一个定语从句,先行词为the beginning of the night,并且先行词在从句中做时间状语,故填关系词when。 (6)考查介词。句意:人体温度之所以会下降,部分原因在于,(这时)人的手部、脸部以及脚部的血管开始扩张,散发了热量。空前前后都是名词,所以空格处应填介词,the blood vessels与the hands之间属于所属关系,故填of。 (7)考查冠词。句意:温暖的床(温度大约在20到24摄氏度之间)有助于人们入睡而冰冷的床则会妨碍人们入睡。空格位于谓语动词后,空格后为一个可数单数名词短语,所以空格处应填不定冠词。“good”是以辅音音素开始的,故填a。

全国卷英语语法填空

全国卷英语语法填空 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】

历年高考语法填空真题 2014-2018 (2018-1) According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____61____(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long ____62____(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____63____(die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ____64____(be) more effective at lengthening life ____65____ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ____66____ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ____67____(cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____68____(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always ____69____(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ____70____ a try. (2018-2) Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country ____61____(grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ____62____ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is ____63____(actual) behind the change: an important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____64____(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ____65____ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ____66____(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ____67____(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ____68____(start) a soil-testing program ____69____ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ____70____(feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide," says the bank's Juergen Voegele. (2018-3) I'm not sure ____61____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the ____63____(loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself , ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ____65____(challenge).

2014-2017全国卷语法填空

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