初中英语语法知识—名词的知识点总复习有解析(1)

初中英语语法知识—名词的知识点总复习有解析(1)
初中英语语法知识—名词的知识点总复习有解析(1)

一、选择题

1.I’m happy ________ a friend of ________.

A.to visit, my B.visiting my C.to visit, mine D.visiting, my 2.—Let’s make a banana milk shake.

—How many ________ do we need?

A.bananas B.cup of milk C.honey

3.---- _________ is it from Nanjing to Beijing?

--- It’s less than three ___________ flight.

A.How long, hour’s B.How far, hour’s

C.How long, hours’D.How far, hours’

4.People in western countries will get together to eat turkeys and celebrate harvest(丰收)on ________, just like our Mid-Autumn Day.

A.Thanksgiving Day B.Christmas Day C.National Day

5.—Why do you get up so early?

—Because my home is far from the science museum. It’s ________bus ride.

A.fifty-minutes B.fifty minute’s C.fifty-minute’s D.fifty minutes’6.Look, this is________ bedroom.

A.my fa ther and mother’s B.my father’s and mother’s

C.my father’s and mother D.my father and mother

7.These are some photos of ________ bedroom. What a tidy and comfortable room! A.Jerry’s and Jenny’s B.Jerry and Jenny’s C.Jerry’s sand Jenny 8.Good food and_______help her_______better.

A.exercise; study B.exercise; studies

C.exercises; studying D.exercises; to study

9.Look! The Chinese national basketball team ________ a face-to-face interview with their fans in the hall. How excited the fans are!

A.is having B.are having C.have D.has

10.Thanks for the two _______________you gave(给)to me.

A.tape player B.tapes players C.tape players D.taper players 11.—_________ is it from Wuxi to Shanghai?

—It’s about ________ drive.

A.How long; a two hours’B.How far; a two-hours

C.How far; two hours’D.How long; a two-hour

12.Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow.

A.May B.July C.September D.November 13.—The milk shake tastes good .How do you make it?

—It's easy, just follow the_________.

A.discussions B.instructions C.resolutions D.directions

14.—Whose desk is it? Is it the ________?

—Yes. It is ________.

A.twins'; Liz's and Lillie's B.twin's; Liz's and Lillie's

C.twins'; Liz and Lillie's D.twin's; Liz and Lillie's

15.She ______ her______every evening at home.

A.does;homework B.does;homeworks

C.do;homework D.do;homeworks

16.I want to buy ________.

A.a bread B.some breads C.two piece of bread D.two bags of bread 17.—Is that your schoolbag?

—No, it isn’t. It’s _____.

A.her. B.Bob’s C.Bob D.him

18.—Do you like apples?

—Yes, I do. But my son likes _______.

A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.banana 19.(2017·甘肃白银、武威·7)“It depends on my ________ decision.” the mother said and looked at her two sons.

A.children B.children's C.child D.child's 20.—What're these_______English?

—They are________.

A.at; knifes B.in; knives C.in, knifes

21.________mothers work in the same hospital.

A.Tim’s and Peter’s B.Tim’s and Peter C.Tim and Peter’s D.Tim and Peter 22.There are some ________and ________ on the table.

A.potatoes; tea B.chicken; sweets C.tomatos; porks D.tomatos; milk 23.When National Day comes, we have a ____ holiday.

A.seven-day B.seven-days C.seven days

24.—How many________ doctors are there in your hospital?

—________ them________ over one hundred

A.woman; The number of; is B.women; The number of; is C.women; A number of; are

25.— How _______ is it from Xi'an to Dunhuang? — It's less than 3 _______ flight. A.long; hour's B.far; hour's C.long; hours' D.far, hours'

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除

一、选择题

1.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:我很开心去拜访我的一个朋友。

考查非谓语动词形式和物主代词。visit是动词原形,意为“拜访,参观”,to visit是动词不定式,visiting是动名词。my形容词性物主代词,作定语;mine名词性物主代词,可作主语,表语或者宾语。be happy to do sth.意为“很高兴去做某事”;我的一个朋友a friend of my friends=a friend of mine。故选C。

2.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——让我们做一个香蕉奶昔。——我们需要多少香蕉?

考查名词。根据前一句可知,要制作香蕉奶昔的原料是香蕉和牛奶。How many后接可数名词复数。bananas名词,香蕉;cup of milk此处表示几杯牛奶,cup应该为复数才可以放在空格处,故排除。honey名词,蜂蜜,不可数名词,不可以和How many搭配。故选A。3.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:-从南京到北京有多远?-坐飞机不到三个小时的路程。How long多长时间;How far 多远,提问距离;hour’s小时的;hours’是复数形式的所有格。根据对话的意思可知,这里问的是从南京到北京的距离,应用How far提问,排除A和C。空前有three修饰,故hour 用复数,再变为所有格形式,故应选D。

4.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:西方国家的人们会在感恩节聚在一起吃火鸡,庆祝丰收,就像我们的中秋节一样。考查节日。Thanksgiving Day感恩节; Christmas Day圣诞节;National Day国庆节。根据文中“People in western countries will get together to eat turkeys and celebrate harvest”可知,这里是说“感恩节”。根据题意,故选A。

5.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——你为什么这么早起床?——因为我家离科学博物馆很远。乘公共汽车要五十分钟。

考查名词作定语。根据句意可知,此处表达的是“五十分钟的车程”,所以应用所有格形式;“五十分钟”英文表达是fifty minutes,所以D选项符合题意,其它选项均形式错误,故答案选D。

6.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:看,这是我爸爸和妈妈的房间。

考查名词所有格。my father and mother’s我爸爸和妈妈的;my father’s and mother’s我爸爸的和我妈妈的;my father’s and mother我爸爸的和妈妈;my father and mother我爸爸和妈妈。分析“Look, this is________ bedroom.”可知,此处只有一个卧室,所以是爸爸妈妈共有的,所以在后一个名词后加’s表所有格即可。故选A。

【点睛】

如果表示两者共有的,只需在后一个词后加’s;如果是两人分别有的,需要在两个词后都加’s。例句:

Mary’s father and Amy’s father are both doctors. 玛丽的爸爸和艾米的爸爸都是医生。

Mary and Amy’s father is a doctor. 玛丽和艾米的爸爸是一名医生。

7.B

解析:B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:这是杰瑞和珍妮卧室的一些照片。多么整洁舒适的房间啊!

考查名词所有格。在名词所有格中,如果两者或两者以上共同所有,把’s加在最后的名词上,表示各自拥有某件东西时,每个名词都要用所有格形式,由所给空后面的bedroom是单数形式,可知,是两个人共有的,所以直接在Jenny后面加’s即可,故选B。

8.A

解析:A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:好的饮食和锻炼帮助她学习更好。

考查名词辨析及非谓语动词。exercise锻炼,运动,是不可数名词;练习,早操,可数名词。study学习,动词原形;studies第三人称单数形式;studying动名词或现在分词形式;to study动词不定式。根据句意可知,第一个空中的exercise指“锻炼”,是不可数名词,没

有复数形式,先排除C和D;第二个空考查句型help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”,故选A。

9.B

解析:B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:看!中国篮球国家队在礼堂里和他们的粉丝正在进行面对面的访谈。粉丝们多么激动啊!

考查动词时态。前面有look,所以要用现在进行时。the Chinese national basketball team是集合名词,根据后面的interview可知,是人进行采访,所以谓语动词要用复数形式,故选B。

【点睛】

集合名词要注意,指集体时谓语用单数,指集体里的人时,谓语用复数,需要根据上下文语境来理解。这里根据a face-to-face interview with their fans可知是队员在进行采访,故谓语用复数。

10.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:谢谢你给我的两台录音机。

本题考查名词。you gave(给)to me是定语从句,修饰前面的空格处的名词,tape player 录音机,有数词two修饰,用复数名词,故选B。

11.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——从无锡到上海有多远?——大约两小时的车程。

考查特殊疑问句及回答。How long多长,询问时间或物体的长度;how far多远,询问距离。根据“from Wuxi to Shanghai”可知,询问两地间的距离,故用How far,句型为How far is it from…to…? 表示“从……到……有多远?”,排除A、D。第二空后drive是不可数名词,意为“车程”;“两小时的车程”可表达为two hours’ drive或two-hour drive。故选C。

12.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:Alan通常在11月去哈尔滨。他喜欢玩雪。

考查月份名词。根据“Harbin”及后句“He likes playing with snow.”他喜欢玩雪,可知应该是在北半球的冬天。May五月;July七月;September九月;November十一月。十一月是在北半球的冬天。故选D。

13.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——奶昔的味道很好,你是怎么做的?——这很容易,只要按照操作指南去做。

考查名词辨析。discussions商讨;instructions指示;操作指南;用法说明;resolutions解决;directions方向。根据上句How do you make it?可知是询问制作奶昔的方法,推测答语应是按照操作指南去做。故选B。

14.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——这是谁的书桌?是那对双胞胎的吗?——是的,是莉兹和莉莉的。

考查名词所有格的用法。twins'双胞胎,表复数的所有格;twin's双胞胎中的一个,表单数的所有格。分析第一处可知,此处指双胞胎两个人,所以使用复数的所有格。Liz's and Lillie's莉兹的和莉莉的,表两人分别有的;Liz and Lillie's莉兹和莉莉的,表两人共有的。分析第二处可知,主语It指前文的单数名词desk,表两个人共有的。故选C。

【点睛】

表两者分别有和两者共有的区别:

A’s and B’s,表两者分别有的,例如:Lucy's and Lily's mothers are workers.

A and B’s,表两者共有的,例如:Lucy and Lily's mother is a worker.

15.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:她每天晚上在家做她的家庭作业。

考查主谓一致和名词的数。does助动词的三单形式;do助动词的原形;homework家庭作业,不可数名词。根据主语she是第三人称单数,所以后面的助动词要用三单形式;又因homework是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故选A。

16.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:我想要买两袋面包。

考查不可数名词。bread面包,是不可数名词,排除A和B,不可数名词用量词修饰,当大于1时,量词用复数,排除C,故选D。

17.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——那个是你的书包吗?——不,不是。它是Bob的。

考查名词所有格。her她的;Bob’s鲍勃的;Bob鲍勃;him他;根据句意理解可知,这里指代的是“鲍勃的书包”,英语中表达“某人的……”时,要用所有格或者是物主代词,而这里Bob前面没有提到,所以应该用名词所有格的形式,故选B。

18.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意——你喜欢苹果吗?——是的,我喜欢。但是我儿子喜欢西红柿。

考查名词单复数变化。tomatos西红柿,错误形式;tomatoes西红柿,复数形式;tomato 西红柿,单数形式;banana香蕉;根据句意理解及前句的apples可知,这里表达的是喜欢某一类水果,所以这里应该用复数形式表达,所以这里排除C/D选项,而英语中“西红柿”的复数需要加es,所以只有B选项是正确的,故选B。

【点睛】

英语中以o结尾的名词变复数的规律要记住。一般情况下加s,但是有一些词是需要加es 的,有一个口诀是:黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato);常用的这四个词以o结尾复数一定要加es,做题时要注意。

19.B

解析:B

【解析】

句意:妈妈看了看她的两个儿子说:“它取决于我孩子们的意见。”children孩子们,是名词child的复数形式;children’s是复数名词的所有格形式;child孩子,单数;ch ild’s单数名词的所有格形式。根据句意her two sons可知,这里有两个孩子,应用复数形式,排除C和D。复数名词children的名词所有格形式是直接在其后面直接加's,children's表示“孩子们的”,修饰后面的名词decision,故选B。

点睛:1.名词所有格及其用法。一般在词尾加’s。以-s或-es结尾的复数名词只加’;不规则复数名词在词尾加’s,如children’s。两者或两者以上共同所有,把’s加在最后的名词上;表示各自拥有某件东西时,每个名词都要用所有格形式。表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词,也可以加“'s”来构成所有格。

2. some much, a lot of 等与不可数名词连用,表示大概的数量。表示不可数名词的确切的数量,我们可以在其前面加上表示单位的量词。如:a piece of , a cup of , two bowls of等表示确切数量的词。

20.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——这些用英语怎么说?——它们是刀子。

考查介词和名词复数。at在;in在…里面;knives刀子,knife的复数形式。根据介词短语“in English”用英语。可知第一个空填介词“in”;根据选项以及空格前的“are”,可知第二个空格要用复数形式。以f/fe结尾的单数名词,其复数形式一般变化规则是:把f或者fe变成v,再加es。knife是以fe结尾的单词,符合这一规则,故第二个空格应填knife的复数形式knives。故选B。

【点睛】

根据常用的短语有时可以快读排除选项,从而加快我们的解题速度。比如本题,结合介词短语in English,可以快速排除选项A。结合答语中的are,可知第二个空格要填复数形式,根据knife是一个以fe结尾的单词,知道它的复数形式变化规则——把fe变成v,然后再加es。我们就可以得知答案B。

21.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:吉姆的妈妈和皮特的妈妈在同一家医院工作。

考查名词所有格。A. Tim’s and Peter’s 蒂姆的和皮特的,后面的名词所表示的物分别属于两个人的;B. Tim’s and Peter表达错误;C. Tim and Peter’s 蒂姆和皮特的,后面的名词所表示的物是属于两个人所共有的;D. Tim and Peter蒂姆和皮特,没有构成名词所有格。根据句意,空处表示“……的”,应用名词所有格,即在名词后加’s,故排除D项;若表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名词后加’s;若表示各自所有,则需在各自名字后加’s,所以B项表达错误,故排除;而句子的名词mothers是复数形式,可知是蒂姆的妈妈和皮特的妈妈,即名词是分别属于两个人的,故排除C项,故选A。

22.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:桌子上有些土豆和茶。

考查名词复数。根据题目中的some和are可知就近原则,紧接着单词是可数名词复数形

式, B选项的chicken在这里是不可数名词,C和D选项中的tomato的复数形式是tomatoes,这三个选项都错误;A选项potatoes和tea符合题意。故选A。

【点睛】

some 后一般接可数名词复数或者直接加不可数名词。例如上题中的some也可以加不可数名词,但由于There be就近原则,be动词就决定some后面只能加可数名词复数。因此,碰到这类题时一定要综合考虑。

23.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:当国庆节到来的时候,我们有一个七天的假期。

考查名词短语。seven-day七天;seven-days七天,结构错误;seven days七天;根据句意理解可知,空格是用来修饰后面的名词holiday,在句中作定语,而英语中数字和名词用连字符连接起来可以起到一个形容词的作用,在句中作定语可以修饰一个名词,所以这里应该用seven-day带连字符的结构,而带了连字符,名词是不能用复数的,故选A。

【点睛】

英语中“数词-名词”的结构是可以用来作定语,修饰后面的名词的,但是要注意的是,带有“-”时,名词是不能用复数的,这是做题时经常容易忽略做错的地方,一定要格外注意,只要看到“-”,名词就一定不用复数。

24.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——你们医院里有多少女医生?——数量超过100。

考查名词和短语。How many问数量多少,后跟可数名词复数形式,女医生的女性也要用复数形式,故排除A;the number of……的数量,后跟谓语单数形式;a number of大量,许多,后跟谓语复数形式。根据句意指女医生的数量,排除C。故选B。

25.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——从西安到敦煌有多远?——不到3个小时的航程。考查特殊疑问词辨析及名词所有格。how long多长,是对长度或一段时间的提问;how far多远,是对两地之间距离的提问。根据答语“不到3个小时的航程。”可知是对两地之间距离的提问,所以用how far,排除A、C选项。第二个空,有前面的3可知应用hour的复数形式hours,设空处修饰后面的名词flight,所以应用hours的所有格形式hours',排除B选项;故答案选D。

初中英语名词知识点

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名词 一导入:有一天,一只老钟对一只小钟说:“你一年里要摆525600下啦。” 小钟吓坏了,说“哇,这么多,这怎么可能?!我怎么能完成那么多下呢!” 这时候,另一只老钟笑着说:“不用怕,你只需一秒钟摆一下,每一秒坚持下来就可以了。” 小钟高兴了,想着:一秒钟摆一下好像并不难啊,试试 看吧。果然,很轻松地就摆了一下。不知不觉一年过去了,小钟已经摆了525600下! 很简单的故事,却寓意着深刻的道理,当我们面对大困难的时候,往往望而怯步,孰不知只要根据实 际,分期制定小目标,一一完成就行了。 二专题讲解: 掌握要点: 名词的分类(专有名词和普通名词) 名词的数1)区分可数名词和不可数名词,区分方法 2)可数名词的复数变化,分为规则变化及不规则变化 名词所有格含义、构成两种形式:’s所有格及of所有格 知识点: 一、名词的分类 1.专有名词:名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期(节日、星期、月份) 例句:My name is Lucy. I am a Chinese. I will go to the Great Wall on Monday. 2.普通名词: 包括可数名词和不可数名词 个体名词表示个体的人或事物例: sister、table、bike、window 可数名词 集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例: family、police、class、group 物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例: water、air、wood 不可数名词 抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例: danger、interest 区分方法:将物体分成两半,如果每半不能叫原名,则为可数名词,如果还可叫原名,则为不可数名 词。 注:有些单词意义发生变化,单复数也发生变化,例:glass作玻璃杯时可数,作玻璃时不可数。 身兼二职的名词对照表 glass fish chicken time 可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次、倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间 orange light paper hair 可数橘子电灯报纸/试卷(几根)头发不可数橘汁光纸头发 exercise idea life work _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ No Cross, No crown 不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹.

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【初中英语】名词知识点题型 一、初中英语名词 1.—There are many _____ about this farm. —Yes, lots of _____ are planted on it. A. photo; potato B. photos; potatos C. photos; potatoes D. photoes; potatoes 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:—有许多关于这个农场的照片。—是的,许多的土豆种在农场上。many和lots of修饰可数名词复数,photo 的复数是photos,potato的复数是potatoes,故答案为C。 【点评】考查可数的复数形式。牢记名词的复数的变化规律和一些特殊的名词复数。2.(·鄂州)—The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive. —Don't worry. You can enjoy yourself. It's my _________. A. time B. treat C. task D. taste 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:——餐馆里的菜一定非常贵。——别担心,你可以随便吃,我请客。It's my treat.我请客。故选B。 【点评】考查名词辨析。 3.(?黔南州)—There are a lot of ______ of bike riding. —I agree. It's good for environment and it saves money. A. products B. advantages C. instruments D. instructions 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:-骑车有许多好处。-我同意,对环境有好处而且省钱。A. products产品;B. advantages优点,好处;C. instruments乐器;D. instructions说明。有利于环境及省钱是骑车的优点、好处,故选B。 【点评】本题考查名词词义辨析,以及. products;advantages;instruments;instructions。四个词的词义和用法。 4.(·咸宁)—Tu You you received the Nobel Prize for her ________ of anemisinin(青蒿素).—And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science. A. design B. thought C. invention D. discovery 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:——屠呦呦因为发现了青蒿素获得了诺贝尔奖。——而且她是第一位在科学方面获得诺贝尔奖的中国人。design设计;thought想法;invention发明;discovery发现。因为anemisinin(青蒿素).是原来就存在的,因此是发现了它。故选D。【点评】考查名词辨析,结合语境选择合适的词。

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