(完整word版)初中英语语法被动语态.pdf
初中语法：被动语态
【知识总结归纳】
一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。
二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
We visited that factory last summer 主动语态
主语谓语宾语状语
That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态
主语谓语宾语状语
三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比
时态主动语态被动语态
一般现在时
am / is / are + done
Do they speak French ? Is French spoken by them ?
一般过去时
was / were + done The hunter killed a
tiger .
A tiger was killed by the hunter .
现在进行时
am / is / are +being +done These workers are
building a new bridge .
A new bridge is being built by
these workers .
过去进行时
was / were + being + done
He was selling books . Books were being built by him .
现在完成时
have / has + been + done She has learned many
English words .
Many English words have been
learned by her .
过去完成时
had + been + done They has solved the
problem .
The problem had been solved by
them .
一般将来时
shall / will be + done
I shall make a plan . A plan will be made by me .
过去将来时would be + done He told me they would
paint the room .
He told me the room would be
painted by them .
情态动词
can / may / must / should + be + done
We should hand in our homework . Our homework should be handed in by us .
四. 如何正确使用被动语态
1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to ”。eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）
.
him by us to told often are stories g Interestin .him by stories g interestin told often are We （被动语态）
▲常带双宾语的词有：give, tell , show , lend , pass 等。
2. 在行为动词have ，make ，let 以及感官动词see,watch,notice,feel 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中to 被省略，但在被动语态中，要加to 。
eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态） She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态） Someone saw a strange walk into the building.(主动语态) A strange was seen to walk into the building.(被动语态）3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分
词来充当表语）。”
比较：（1）
)
()
(.Fengping by closed is door The .closed is door The 被动语态。这个门是由冯平来关的
系表结构门是关着的。（2）
)()(.Mary by broken was glass The .broken is glass The 被动语态。
的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏系表结构。
这个玻璃杯是坏的4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。
eg.
)
()(.China in place taken been have changes Great .China in place taken have changes Great 错误正确)
()(.sea deep the in d disappeare was dolphin The .sea deep the in d disappeare dolphin The 错误正确五．其他考点
1.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如
“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但
要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
2. 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
3. 如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语
态。
1）. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
例 My bike was stolen last night.
2）借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
4. It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于
。有：
句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”
大家相信
据报道It is believed that…
据说It is reported that…
It is said that…
大家认为
众所周知It is thought that…
It is hoped tha t…大家希望It is well known that…
据建议
It is suggested that…
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
5.谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1）.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例 This kind of cloth washes well.
The pen writes smoothly.
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：The door won't lock．（指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
2）表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何印出来的呢？
3）系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, look, smell等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable.
The flower smells nice.
6.非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
1）．在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当
于动词不定式的被动形式。
例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
2）．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例The picture-book is well worth reading．
＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．
3）. 在某些“形容词＋to do”动词不定式与句子的主语尽管存在着动宾关系，但往往用主动形式
表达被动意义。
例This problem is difficult to work out .
The place is not easy to find on the map.
4）．在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
7.被动表主动意义
英语中有些“及物动词+反身代词”结构，表示动作反射到动作执行者本身，即主语既是动作
的执行者又是动作的承受者。常见的词还有dress，hide,develop等。
The boy lost himself in the forest.
=The boy was lost in the forest
She seated herself at the back of the hall.
=She was seated at the back of the hall.
七．介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动
形式，名词前一般不用冠词。
名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment
1. “under +
（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。
例The building is under construction( is being constructed).
2．“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事…… 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial （受审）。
例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).
3．“out of+名词”结构；表示“超出…… 之外“，常见的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight
reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。
（超出视线之外），out of one’s
例The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled)
．
选择 1. A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week .
A. be given
B. has been given
C. will be given
D. will give
2. To make our city more beautiful , rubbish into the river .
A. needn’t be thrown
B. mustn’t be thrown
C. can’t throw
D. may not throw
3. You may go fishing if your work .
A. is done
B. will be done
C. has done
D. have done
4. The trees must three times a week .
A. water
B. is watering
C. be watered
D. waters
, too .
5. —I won’t come to the party unless Sue
—You mean if Sue comes you’ll come ?
A. will invite
B. invites
C. invited
D. is invited
6. I like my new bike . It very well .
A. rides
B. is riding
C. is ridden
D. has ridden
7. Mr. Chen has a loud voice . His voice can clearly even in that big classroom .
A. hear
B. be heard
C. be hearing
D. have heard
8. —It’s time to do your homework , Jack .
.
—Yes , Mum . I’ll turn off the TV as soon as the program
A. ends
B. end
C. will be ended
D. will end
9. You to the meeting , why didn’t you go ?
A. be invited
B. will be invited
C. were invited
D. are invited
10. A lot of trees along the river last year .
A. planted
B. are planted
C. were planted
D.plant
11. Films about crime and violence（暴力与犯罪） by young children .
A. should not see
B. should be not seen
C. should not be seen
D. should be seen
12. Great changes place in China since 1978 .
A. have been taken
B. have taken
C. has been taken
D. took
13. the red pencil-box by your father last week ?
A. Has , bought
B. Was , bought
C. Does , buy
D. Did , buy
14. Mary many songs at the party .
A. heard sing
B. heard to sing
C. was heard sing
D. was heard to sing
15. trees usually in April ?
A. Have , planted
B. Are , planted
C. Do , plant
D. Were , planted
16. By was the book ?
A. who , wrote
B. whom , write
C. whom , written
D. whom , writing
17. The windows of the room once a week .
A. has been cleaned
B. is cleaned
C. are cleaned
D. are cleaning
18. In 1620 , about half the USA forests .
A. was covered
B. was covered by
C. were filled with
D. covered with
19. The young tree the stick .
A. should be tied to
B. must be tied by
C. should tie to
D. can be tied with
20. A present me by my friend on my birthday .
A. is giving
B. was given to
C. is given for
D. will give to
1-5CBACD 6-10ABACC 11-15CBBDB 16-20CCBAB
完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
初中英语语法：被动语态
初中英语语法：被动语态 概念：英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。 构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成； 助动词be有人称、数及时态的变化； 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成 被动语态的否定式是在助动词后加否定词not；而疑问式是将助动词移到主语前面即可Stamps can be used for sending letters. 邮票能用来寄信。 He was asked to go to the meeting immediately. 他被要求立刻去参加这个会议。 This kind of bike is not made in Tianjin. 这种自行车不是天津制造的。 Is this kind of bike make in Tianjin? 这种自行车是在天津制造的吗？ 用法1.当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要知道时，常用被动语态。 These desks are made of wood. 这些桌子是由木头做成的。 2.当需要强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。 Dictionaries can’t be used in the English exam. 词典不能在英语测试中使用。 3.为了使语气婉转、避免提到自己或对方、或由于修饰的需要而使用被动语态。 The homework must be handed in next Monday. 作业必须下周一交上。
被动语态的转换步骤：当主动语态变为被动语态时，通常要经过四步： 1.先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其谓语动词。 2.把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变成被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词时，应把宾格 变为主格 3.把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。 4.把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执 行者时可略去“by+宾语”），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变成宾格。 We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 主动语态变被动语态应注意：1.时态要一致。 I wrote a letter to my pen pal yesterday. (一般过去时) A letter was written to my pen pal yesterday (by me). They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 2.含双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动结构变为被动结构时，可将其中一个宾语变 为主语，另一个不变；如果将主动结构的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，这时一般要加个介词to或for。My parents gave me a watch. I was given a watch by my parents. A watch was given to me by my parents. His father bought him a computer last week. 3.在主动语态中，使役动词如make，let，have或感官动词如hear，watch，see后跟 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态里必须带to。 My parents often made me babysit my little sister .
新目标人教版九年级英语被动语态专项练习题及答案(2)
新目标人教版九年级英语被动语态专项练习题 一、选择题： ( )1. ______ a new library ____ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton (棉花) _______ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown . grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon ______ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees ______ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _____ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers _______ ? --Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who this book ? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story ______ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen ______ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag ___ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher _______ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened ( ) 16. Rubbish into the river in order to protect the environment. A. must throw B. mustn 't be thrown C. can 't be thrown D. may be thrown ( )17. After the lights _________ , we left the classroom. A. turned off B. is turned off C. were turned D. were turned off ( )18 When the accident _________ , we were going by the hospital. A. take place B. were taken place C. were happened D. happened ( )19. A knife ________ cut things, like apples, water melons. A. is used to B. is used for C. used to D. use to
(完整word版)最全初中英语语法之-形容词副词教案(已打印两份)
形容词 一.定义： 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。 二. 注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如： Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。 例如： You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。 例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。 例如：The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。 如：They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。 We live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。 如：Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？
五种趣味方法帮你搞定初中英语语法
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初中英语语法大全(必备)
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一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be 随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) has /have been done 现在完成时 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 — A new cinema is being built here． 4) was/were done 一般过去时 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5) had been done 过去完成时 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6) was/were being done 过去进行时 A meeting was being held when I was there. 7) shall/will be done 一般将来时 | Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8) should/would be done 过去将来时 The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） The project will have been completed before July. 10) should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
最完整的初中英语语法大全
英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello.
2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
初中英语语法大全——被动语态
初中英语语法大全——被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。 一、被动语态的构成 主动语态:强调动作发出者被动语态:强调受到动作影响的对象 eg: He wrote the book. eg: The book was written by him. eg: She sings the English song. eg: The English song is sung by her. eg: We have finished our homework since two hours ago. eg: Our homework has been finished since two hours ago by us. 2. 各种时态及情态动词的被动语态
3. 被动语态的各种句式 eg: Have you heard about that car accident near the school? --- Yes, luckily no one was hurt. 你听说学校附近的那场车祸了吗? --- 是的，幸运的是没有人受伤。 eg: A road has been built by the government. 一条道路已经被政府修建了。 eg: I am not invited to go to the party by my friend. 我没有被朋友邀请去参加聚会。 eg: My bike isn’t being repaired by Tom now. 我的自行车现在没有被汤姆修理。 eg: Are they used for posting letters? 它们被用来邮递信件吗? eg: Are trees being planted over there by them? 那边的树正在被他们种植吗? eg: When was the basketball team set up? 这支篮球队是什么时候成立的? eg: How many man-made satellites have been sent into space? 已经有多少颗人造卫星被发射升空? 4. 情态动词的被动语态的句式