译林版五年级上册英语语法知识点

五年级上册英语语法知识点

一、注意名词单复数:

1、可数名词复数用于:

①How many后面;②some/any/many/a lot of/ two, three…后面;

③these/those后面

④all the后面;⑤between后面跟一种物体时,这个物体用复数

⑥like 后面

⑦are前面的人称和名词用复数: we/they/the children

2、名词复数的变化规则:

1)一般直接+s:bears,students,

2)以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加es:bus-buses,box-boxes,

3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,把y变为i, 再加ies:

library—libraries hobby---hobbies story---stories

4)不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,

foot-feet, Child-children

3、不可数名词: water, soup, milk, juice, tea, coffee, bread(面包), rice(米饭), hair等等。

二、注意一般现在时动词的第三人称单数;(注:所有否定句、疑问句中,动词都用原形。)

1、肯定句中哪些情况下用第三人称单数:(俗称:三单)

1)人称代词he, she, it作主语时;

2)单个人名、地名或称呼作主语时;

3)单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词" 作主语时;

4)不可数名词作主语时;5、当数字或字母作主语时,等等。

2、动词第三人称单数变化规则如下:

1) 一般情况下,动词后面直接加s. 如:works / plays/ reads

2) 以s. x. sh. ch 或o结尾的动词,在后面加es.

例:teach-teaches, watch-watches, do-does, go-goes

3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词, 把y变为i,再加es.

例:study- studies fly-flies carry-carries

4)不规则动词的第三人称单数:have—has;be—is

三、人称代词、名词所有格及序数词

1、主格用来作句中的主语,用于动词前面。

例:They are doctors.

2、宾格用来作句中的宾语,放在动词或介词的后面。本册书上出现的词组:

in front of her show her around push me teach you What’s wrong with him? write him a letter

Here’s a Christmas card for you. Let me….chat with them on the Internet give it a cake

3、形容词性物主代词+名词

形容词性物主代词,之所以叫它们形容词是因为他们必须放在名词前面。

4、名词所有格作形容词性,表示所属关系;在人名或称呼后加’s,以s 结尾的,直接加’。如:mother’s,parent s’

5、序数词first---second---third---fourth 1)序数词一般要与the连用; 2)在某一层楼用介词on。

四、选择和用所给词适当形式填空

1、哪些情况加动词原形(注:有to时,to跟后面的动词原形放在同一空格)

1)want to +动词原形2)would like to +动词原形3)it’s time to +动词原形

4)情态动词can+动词原形5)助动词(do, does , don’t, doesn’t)+动词原形

6)let+动词原形7)祈使句中动词用原形(如Do your homework, please.)

8)否定句在句首加Don’t (如Don’t do your homework, please)+动词原形

2、哪些情况加动词ing

1)like 2)go 3)be good at 4)be 5)后面跟名词,如swimming lesson

动词+ing变化规则如下:

A、直接加上ing: draw-drawing play-playing read-reading

B、以不发音的e结尾,去e加上ing

skate-skating make-making dance-dancing

have-having come-coming write-writing

C、以重读闭音节结尾的单词要双写尾字母,再加上ing

从单词的末尾开始往前数符合“辅音-元音-辅音”结构的。

(注:词尾是w和y的除外,如:drawing, playing等除外);

run-running sit-sitting put-putting chat-chatting

get-getting swim-swimming stop-stopping shop-shopping

3.形容词加名词(形名)如: a beautiful girl

4.动词加副词(动副)如: swim well

5.Some和any用法:

“some”一般用于肯定句,“any”用于否定句和疑问句。但在一些表示委婉请求,想得到对方肯定回答时也用“some”。(小技巧:末尾是句号,句中是any,那这句型是否定句)

6.There be 结构就近原则, be动词的选择取决于紧跟在后面的名词数量。

如:There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.

7.乐器前加the, 球类前不加the. 如:play the piano, play football

8. Who当作特殊的第三人称单数(Who sing s well? )

9. 1)主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。2)主语+行为动词+其它。关键词:

always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, every…

10. 现在进行时关键词:look, listen, now (注:be动词(is am are) +动词ing, 两者缺一不可)

11. and前后谓语动词一致。

指当句子中有两个或两个以上的谓语动词共用同一个主语时,一般谓语动词的时态保持一致。

She often go es fishing and take s photos. Let’s go and have some chicken. 12、相同意思不同用法的辨析:

1)有; there is/are和have/has

there is/are表示在某地有某物(或某人);表示存在;there be就近原则;

have/has表示某人有某物;表示所属关系;前面必须有主语。

2)也; too-either-also

too用于肯定句和疑问句句末;either用于否定句句末;also用于句中。3)都; both-all

both用于两者都;all用于三者及以上都。

4)好; good-well

good+名词;动词+well。

5) 和;with-and

with是介词,意思是“和……一起”,后面跟名词或代词的宾格。

and 是连词,意思是“和”,用and连接两个单数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

五、句型转换

①同义句:

1.It’s time for sth= It’s time to do sth.该是…时间了(注:for后面跟名词;to

后面跟动词原形)

It’s time for dinner.=It’s time to have dinner.

2.What time is it?=What’s the time? 几点呢?

3.There is(are) no…(s)…=There isn’t / aren’t any…没有…

4.have no…= don’t have(any)没有…

They have no legs or arms. =They don’t have any legs or arms.

5.has no = doesn’t have (any)没有…

6.I like picnics. = I like having picnics. {注:like后面跟名词复数或动名词

(动词+ing)}

7.show sth (某物) to sb(某人) = show sb (某物) sth(某人) 向…展示…东

西

8.give sth(某物) to sb(某人)=give sb (某物) sth(某人) 给…人…东西

9.What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is! 多么可爱的蚂蚁啊

10.T hat is Jan’s umbrella.= That umbrella is Jan’s. 那是杰的伞

11.W hat’s wrong with him? = What’s the matter with him? 他怎么了?

②否定句

1、有be动词(am, is ,are),be后直接加not (am not/ is not=isn’t/ are not

=aren’t);

2、有can,can后直接加not (can not=can’t);

3、只有动词,在动词原形前加don’t;三单动词前加doesn’t, 动词变回原形。

He does his homework. (改成否定句)He doesn’t do his homework.

③一般疑问句: 用Yes或No回答的句子

1、有be动词,be动词提前;

2、有can或would,can或would提前;

3、只有动词,句首加Do/ Does, 动词用原形;

注意:I’m变Are you ; some变any; my变your; and变or .

④特殊疑问句:有特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

There be句型提问:

1、对数量提问:

1)How many +名词复数+ are there +介词短语?

(注:对there be后面可数名词的数量提问时,无论主语是单数还是复数,都用复数形式提问)

例: There are 24 classrooms in our school? / There is only one classroom in our school? (对划线部分提问)

How many classrooms are there in our school? (注:上面两句提问,都是这

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