(完整版)初中八种时态详解
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初中八种时态精讲
（一）一般现在时的语法讲解:
1). 当谓语动词是be动词时，根据主语的人称和数，分别用am,is,are.
肯定句：主+be动词+其它. e.g. I am in Nanyang.
否定句：主+be动词+not+其它. e.g. He is not a teacher.
一般疑问句：-Be动词+主语+其它？ e.g. -Is he a teacher?
-Yes, 主+be. / No, 主+be not. -Yes, he is. /No, he
isn't.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+其它？
e.g. Where is he from? What is your name?
2).当谓语动词是实义动词时，分以下两种情况：
A. 当主语不是单三时(I, you, they, we, A and B, 复数)：
肯定句：主语+实义动词原形+其它. e.g. You like English.
否定句：主语+don't+实义动词原形+其它. e.g. You don't like English.
一般疑问句：-Do +主语+动原形+其它？e.g. -Do you like English?
-Yes, 主语+do. /No,主语+don't. -Yes, I do./No, I don't.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do+主语+动原形+其它？
e.g. Where do you live? What do they want to do?
B．当主语是单三时（he, she, it,某一个人，单数）：
肯定句：主语+实义动词单三形式+其它. e.g. He likes English.
否定句：主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它. e.g. He doesn't like English.
一般疑问句：-Does +主语+动原+其它
-Yes, 主语+does. /No,主语+doesn't.
e.g. -Does he like English? -Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+does+主语+动原形+其它？
e.g. Where does he live? What does she want to do?
(3)常见的时间状语always, usually, often, sometimes,never,seldom( 频度副词）
on Sundays ), once a week, twice，every week (day, year, month…
( 二）一般过去式
1、概念：表示过去发生的动作、事件、情况，而现在已结束，也可以表示过去时间里经常性或习惯性的动作，或主语过去的性格和能力。
2、常见的时间状语
①yesterday ,yesterday morning/afternoon/evening
②just now刚才in the past过去the day before yesterday前天
③ago短语：a moment ago, an hour ago, three weeks ago, two months ago, 等
④in+时间点：in 2000，in 1995，in 1880
⑤last短语：last week上周/last year去年/last month上个月/last night昨天晚上
一、记牢下面的表格：
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（三）现在进行式
1、概念：表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
2、谓语动词的结构：be（is, am, are）+ doing (动词的现在分词)
（be动词要与主语的人称和数保持一致）
3、常见的时间状语：now, at the moment, at this time, 还有常见的标志词look, listen 如：Look! She is singing! Listen! She is listening to the music.
4、现在进行时的句式
①肯定句：主语+be动词+现在分词+其他My sister is watching TV now.
②否定句：主语+be动词+not+现在分词+其他My sister isn't watching TV now.
③一般疑问句：Be +主语+doing+其他？Yes，主语+be/No，主语+be+not
Are you watching TV now? Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
Is she reading books? Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+Ving+其他？
常用现在进行时的肯定陈述句回答。
What are you doing now? What is he/she doing now?
What is KangKang doing now? What are they doing now?
What are Wangli and Limei doing now?
4、特殊的现在分词有（双写最后一个字母）
plan, get, shop, run, begin, put, swim, stop , sit
(口诀：他计划在商店里买了东西后放入游泳池中开始跑，然后停下来坐下。)
等可以使用现在进行时，表示按计划将要进行的动作：动词go , come ,leave, fly 5
I'm coming. 我将来了。Are you going to Nanyang tomorrow?明天你将去南阳吗？
( 四）语法精讲：过去进行时
1概念：表示过去某个时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
2时间状语：（1）at 8 o'clock yesterday evening at 12 o'clock
(2)from…..to….+yesterday短语（等过去式时间状语）
He was watching Tv from 7 to 9 last night.
(3)at that time 在那时at this time yesterday , all day全天
（4）yesterday morning/afternoon/evening. The day before yesterday. Last
year/month/week/night
这类时间状语既可以用于一般过去式，也可以用于过去进行时，要根据上下文情景判定谓语动词的时态，He was reading a novels last night(昨晚他一直在读)
He read a novel last night,(昨晚他看了一本小说)
用过去进行时强调动作进行的全过程，用一般过去式单纯说明动作完成的事实
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3谓语动词的结构：was/were+v.ing(现在分词)
4过去进行时句子结构
（1）肯定句：主语+was/were +v.ing+其他。（2）否定句：主语+was/were+not+其他。
(3)一般疑问句：Was/were+主语+v.ing+ 其他？Yes,主语+was/were No,主语+wasn't/weren't
(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序？
What were they playing from 7 to 8 last night?
5过去进行时常用与when,while 引导的时间壮语从句中
We were playing when our teacher came in.
（五）语法重点一般将来时
1、定义：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态，常与将来的时间状语连用。
2、表示将来的时间状语
（1）tomorrow,tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening（tomorrow短语）
（2）next time,next work/weekend,next year/month/Sunday（next短语）
（3）in短语:in two minutes,in an hour 在一小时后，in two days两天后
（4）soon不久，later,in the future将来
（5）tonight今晚，this afternoon/evening……（还未发生的时间）
3、结构形式：
(1) be going to+动词原型，表示计划、打算将来发生的动作
Eg:We are going to do some cleaning tomorrow.
He is going to go swimming next week.
肯定句：主语+be going to+动原型+其他……
一般疑问句：将be动词提前：Be+主语+going to+动原型+其他？
Yes,主语+be/no.主语+be+not
否定句：主语+be+not+going to +动原型+其他……
Eg:Is Lucy going to go shopping this Sunday?Yes,she is./No,she isn't.
Lucy isn't going to go shopping this Sunday
(2)will+动词原形，表说话人对将来的看法，假设和推测
肯定句：主语+will+动原形+其它。Eg:He will go swimming next week.
否定句：主语+won't+动原形+其它。Eg：He won't go swimming next week.
疑问句：Will+主语+动原形+其它。Eg：Will he go swimming next week.
(3) Shall+动原形（主语只能是第一人称I，we)
肯定句：I/We+shall+动原形+其它。
否定句:I/We+shall not +动原形+其它。
一般疑问句：Shall I/we go shopping tomorrow?
（六）现在完成时：
1概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语：since…,for…,in/during the past few/two years, ever, yet, already, recently, over the years(几年来，这么多年来)，主（现完）+since +从（一过）,just（注意和just now的区别）,so far, till
now
2基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done.
3一般疑问句：have 或has+主语+ done .
。Helen ________ in Nanjing for twenty years
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（七）、过去完成时：
概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
时间状语：by the end of last year(term, month…) ,by+过去的时间，主(过完)+before+从(一过) 基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done.
一般疑问句：had 放于句首。
They ________ in Nanjing by the end of last year.(be)
The plane ___________ off before/when we got to the airport.(take)
八过去将来时
1概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2时间状语：the next day(morning, year…)
3基本结构：①was/were/going to + do ；②would/should + do.
4否定形式：①was/weren't + going to + do; ②would/should + not + do.
5一般疑问句：①was 或were 放于句首；②would/should 提到句首。she said Helen
________ to Shanghai the next month.(fly)