名词冠词讲解 初中英语语法
精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义6
Teaching plans
Step one : 复习以前上课的内容
Step two : 默写单词
Step three: 名词和冠词的专项讲解与练习。
Step four: 课堂训练（每部分知识点讲解后即时训练）
Step five: 总结以及课后作业。
一：复习以前上课的内容
二：默写单词
三：名词和冠词专项讲解与练习
（1）【名词】
名词当然是同学都很熟悉的了，我们吃的food，喝的drinks，穿的clothes 都是名词。It is easy, right? 但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的，到底该怎么用呢？OK, follow me。
First, 名词复数的特殊变化
普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或-es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是：
a. class, box, watch, brush等词以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es；
b. story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es；
c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es；
d. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字
母+o"的词，变复数加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。
e. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）, man（men ）, woman（women ）等词的
复数变化全不遵循规则。
* 注意：
与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen.
但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；
f. deer，sheep等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式
出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。
* 注意：
maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有the United States(美国），the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数。
别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。
a. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：men workers，women teachers。
b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred
trees 两百棵树。
名词所有格：
表示“……的”通常是在名词的后面加-s，如：Children's day，father's shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了，只需加' 就OK了。如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，.则表示“分别有”。.如：John's and Mary's room （约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示"共有"。如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）。
还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下，如：a map of China，the end of this term。
名词部分我们已经复习完，接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了，Are you ready?
1. All the _____teachers and ______students are having a meeting there.
A. women …girls
B. women…girl
C. woman…girls
D. woman…girl
2. Mr Black is a friend of _________.
A. Jack's aunt's
B. Jack's aunt
C. Jack aunt's
D. aunt's of Jack
3. This toy was made by a ____ boy.
A. ten-year-old
B. ten-years-old
C. ten-year-older
D. ten-years-older
4. The farmer raised ten _________.
A. sheeps
B. deers
C. horse
D. cows
5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________.
A. her grandmother
B. her grandmother's
C. her grandmothers'
D. that of her grandmother
6. We have moved into a ________.
A. two- storey house
B. house of two storey
C. two-storeys house
D. two storeys house
7. The ______ was too much for the child to carry.
A. box's steel
B. box of a steel
C. steel box
D. box of the steel
8. We'll give our English teacher a card for _________.
A. the Teacher's Day
B. Teacher's Day
C. a Teacher's Day
D. Teachers' Day
9. Li Ping met an old friend of _______on a train yesterday.
A. he
B. him
C. his
D. her
10. _________are big and bright.
A. The classroom window
B. The window of the classroom
C. The windows of the classroom
D. The classroom's windows
11. Don't worry. Your son will come back in ______hour.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
12. This nice blouse isn't mine. It's ______.
A. you
B. your
C. Lucy
D. yours
13. What's " potato" in Chinese?－It's _____ .
A. 香蕉
B. 大白菜
C. 西红柿
D. 土豆
14. The ninth month of a year is _______.
A. December
B. November
C. September
D. October
15. A: Must I leave now?
B: No, you _______.
A. needn't
B. mustn’t
C. don't
D. won't
16. We have a history lesson ______Wednesday afternoon.
A. on
B. of
C. at
D. to
17. Susan has made quite ______friends since she came to China.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
18. A: Have you ever ______to the West Lake?
B: Yes, I ______there last winter.
A. gone, went
B. been, went
C. gone , have been
D. been, have
19. Do you ________English?
A. tell
B. say
C. talk
D. speak
20. A: May I _______your ruler?
B: OK, I'm glad to _______it to you.
A. lend, borrow
B. lend, lend
C. borrow , lend
D. borrow, borrow
21. We'll go to the museum if it _______tomorrow.
A. can't rain
B. won't rain
C. don't rain
D. doesn't rain
22. Do you know ________?
A. where does he study
B. he studies where
C. where he studies
D. he where studies
23. A: _______do you go to see your grandparents?
B: Once a month
A. How often
B. How long
C. how much
D. how many
24. A: Would you like another cup of orange?
B: ______I'm full.
A. No, thanks
B. Yes, please.
C. Here it is.
D. I don't like.
25. You must be tired. Why not ________a rest?
A. to stop to have
B. stop having
C. stop to have
D. to stop having
★轻松阅读时刻
A Girl Just Like Mother
No matter which girl he brought home，the young man found disapproval from his mother．A friend gave him advice．
“Find a girl just like your mother—then she's bound to like her．
So the young man searched and searched，and finally found the girl．He told his friendly adviser：
“Just like you said，I found a girl who looked，talked，dressed，and even cooked like mother．And just as you said，mother liked her”
“So，”asked the friend，“what happened？”
“Nothing，”said the young man．“My father hates her！”
（2）冠词的复习
冠词可以分为不定冠词（a ,an）和定冠词（the）,名词前用a还是用an 取决于它第一个字母的发音，如果是元音就用an ,如果是辅音就用：a
冠词THE的基本用法：
1 用在单数名词前表示一类人或物，强调整个类别
例：The orange is a kind of fruit. 橘子是一种水果。
The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。
The computer is important to us. 电脑对我们来说是重要的。
2 用在乐器名词前，表示演奏,球类前面不用the
例：She can play the piano. 她会弹钢琴。
He plays the violin very well. 他小提琴拉得很好。
He played the guitar for the children. 他给孩子们弹了吉他。
提示
但乐器名词表示具体的器物，或表示课程时，不加the.
例：He bought a piano last month. 他上个月买了一架钢琴。
She taught piano in the school. 她在学校里教钢琴。
3用在江河、海洋、湖泊、群岛、山脉的名称前
例：the Yangtze River 长江the Red Sea 红海
the West Lake 西湖
the Pacific 太平洋the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山
the Nile 尼罗河
the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉the South China Sea 南中国海
提示
例外的情况:
Mount Tai 泰山China Daily 《中国日报》
4用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的专有名词前或者独一无二的名词前
例：the Great Wall 长城
the United Nations 联合国
the New York Times 《纽约时报》the United States of America 美国the Red Cross Hospital 红十字医院the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会
the Shanghai Railway Station 上海火车站
the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国the North Pole 北极
the People's Daily 《人民日报》
5用在某些形容词前，表示一类人或物或某种抽象概念
例：the old 老年人
the happy 幸福的人
the poor 穷人
the aged 老人
the sick 病人
the impossible 不可能的事the young 年轻人
the rich 富人
the blind 盲人
the wounded 伤员
the smooth 顺事
the beautiful 美，美的东西
The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。
The good is what people like. 人们总是喜欢美好的东西。
The wounded have been sent to the hospital. 伤员已经被送到医院去了。
6用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人
例：The Greens will more to the country. 格林一家要搬到乡下去。
The Wangs came to see us yesterday. 王家一家人昨天来看我们。
The Browns are very friendly. 布朗夫妇都很友好。
7.用在某些习惯用语中
例：
in the morning 在上午
in the evening 在晚上
in the field 在田野里
in the country 在乡间
in the sun 在阳光下
in the distance 在远处
on the right 在右边
by the way 顺便说一下
in the front of 在前部
in the daytime 白天
go to the concert 去听音乐会at (/in) the beginning 开始
at the moment 当时，此刻all the year round 一年到头go to the cinema 去看电影go to the theatre 去看戏
at the weekend 周末in the afternoon 在下午
in the night 在夜里
in the sky 在空中
in the dark 在暗处
in the rain 在雨中
in the shade 在阴凉处
on the left 在左边
all the time 始终
in the middle of 在中间
on the way home 回家途中all the same 依然
on the whole 总之
at the same time 同时
on the plane 在飞机上
in the year 2008 在2008年the other day 前几天
at the bottom of 在……底部in the end 终于
on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
提示
下面几个短语前不加定冠词：
例：at dawn 在黎明at night 在晚上at noon 在正午at dusk 在黄昏
冠词部分我们已经复习完，接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了，Are you ready? ( ) 1.Yesterday we held____ talk with them in the hall.
A. the
B. this
C. a
D. an
( ) 2.My mother had___ fever, so I had to look after her.
A a B. the C./ D. this
( ) 3 .Looking at, he took___deep breath.
A. /
B. a
C. that
D. its
( ) 4.It is____since we____last time.
A. long time; met
B. a long time; meet
C. a long time; met
D. the long time; meet
( ) 5. It is____ pleasure to work with these workers.
A. an
B. /
C. a
D. this
( ) 6.After ____ quick breakfast I hurried to ____ school.
A. /; /
B. a; /
C. the; the
D. the; /
( ) 7.This is____egg. ____egg is big。
A. a; A
B. an; An
C. a; The
D. an; The
( ) 8.There is___ 'W in___word "map".
A. a; an
B. an; a
C. an; the
D. a; the
( ) 9. Here is _____basket. ___ basket is mine.
A. a; The
B. the; An.
C. a; A
D. the; A
( ) 10.There is____ bridge over there. ____ bridge is made of wood.
A. the; The
B. a; A
C. the; A
D. a; The
四：每部分知识点后即时训练
五：课后作业：
I. Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案。）
( ) 1. All of the people at the party enjoyed ________ last night.
A. them
B. themselves
C. ourselves
D. ours ( ) 2. Our new flat is more beautiful than _______.
A. you
B. your
C. yours
D. yourself
( ) 3. _________, he got high marks in the exam and went to a very good university.
A. First
B. Next
C. Then
D. Finally
( ) 4. Look, Jackie _______ a little mouse on the wall.
A. draws
B. drew
C. has drawn
D. is drawing
( ) 5. About 100 people _________ this meeting soon.
A. attend
B. are attending
C. will attend
D. have attended ( ) 6. Mrs. Wang can’t be in her office now. She _______ badminton with his daughter.
A. plays
B. is playing
C. has played
D. played
( ) 7. ------ ________ is the boy standing there?
------He’s my brother.
A. Which
B. What
C. How
D. Who
( ) 8. I _________ this book for two months. I have to return it now.
A. borrowed
B. have borrowed
C. kept
D. have kept
( ) 9. David ________ Shanghai for more than three months.
A. came to
B. has been to
C. has been in
D. has come to
( ) 10. The film _______ for half an hour.
A. has been on
B. has begun
C. hasn’t begun
D. began
( ) 11. Which is ___________ interesting, Science, Maths or English?
A. more
B. the most
C. very
D. too
( ) 12. She can’t be at home. I _______ her doing shopping in the shopping center just now.
A. see
B. saw
C. am seeing
D. have seen
( ) 13. When we were singing happily, our English teacher suddenly _______ the classroom.
A. enters
B. entered
C. has entered
D. was entering
( ) 14. I ______ that the boy _______ with no tears in his eyes.
A. noticing … cried
B. noticed … cried
C. noticed … crying
D. noticing … crying
( ) 15. ----- _______ a sports meet last Saturday?
----- Yes, they ________.
A. Did they have, did
B. Did they have, had
C. Had they, had
D. Had they, did
( ) 16. -----_______ your brother ______ letter to?
----- My father.
A. Who … wrote
B. What … wrote
C. Who did … write
D. What did … write
( ) 17. Do you know when he _______?
A. arrive
B. arrives
C. has arrived
D. will arrive
( ) 18. Today Jim ________ his white shirt and brown trousers.
A. is putting on
B. wear
C. put on
D. is wearing
( ) 19. Listen! The famous singer ______ in the next room.
A. is singing
B. sing
C. sings
D. have sung
( ) 20. ------ ________ are you eating?
------- I’m eating _______ snacks.
A. What, some
B. Which, any
C. Where, a lot
D. What, a
II. Choose the right answers to complete the sentences.（从括号中选择正确的答案，完成句子。）
1.My mother looked ________ (angry, angrily) at me when she saw the untidy room.
2.There will be an art craft tomorrow. Don’t forget to take your ________ (colour, coloured) paper with you.
3.Her handing writing is _________ (so good as, not so good as) mine.
4.Betty is ___________ (more beautiful, the most beautiful) among those girls.
5._________ (Who’s, Whose) that lady in white?
III. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.(用括号中所给词的适当形式，完成下列句子。)
1.The boy is __________（strength）enough to lift the heavy bag.
2.Our life is becoming more and more __________（colour）because there are a lot of activities for us to choose.
3.Who is _________ (intelligent) in our class, children?
4.Nobody will be happy to do _________ (tired) work all day.
初中英语语法名词知识点讲解及专项练习
初中英语语法名词知识点讲解及专项练习1．可数名词的复数变化 1) 规则变化 (1) 大多数都直接在名词后加-s。 (2) 以-s , -x , -ch , -sh结尾的名词加-es。 (3) 以元音字母+y结尾的名词加-s，如boys，days；但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es，如babies， flies，libraries; 以辅音字母+y结尾的专有名词直接加-s，如Marys，Henrys等。 (4) 以-o结尾的名词，大多数在词尾加-s，如bamboos，radios，photos，kilos，但也有少数加-es，如potatoes， tomatoes，heroes; 而zero两种形式均可。 (5) -f，-fe结尾的名词，大部分将-f，-fe改成v，再加-es，如knives，halves，thieves, shelves，leaves，wives， wolves；但也有少数直接加-s，如roofs，beliefs，safes；而handkerchief和scarf两种均可。 背记小口诀： 妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)下保己（self）命(life)，半(half)片树 叶(leaf)遮面包（loaf）。 2) 不规则变化 (1) 单复数同形sheep，fish，deer，Chinese，Japanese。 (2) 变内部元音man －men，tooth －teeth，mouse －mice，foot －feet，goose－geese。 (3) 其他形式。 child－children ox －oxen grown-up －grown-ups passer-by －passers-by brother-in-law －brothers-in-law man与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时，两者都要改为复数，如：two women doctors，many men leaders。 3) 特殊的复数形式
初中英语语法知识—冠词的图文解析(3)
一、选择题 1．I’d like ______ orange, but I don’t want _____ orange juice. A．an, / B．an, an C．a, an D．an, a 2．— ______________ chocolate bread you want is done now. —What ______________ delicious smell! A．A；the B．A；/ C．The；a D．The；/ 3．—What did you do yesterday? —We took a trip to Water Park by ____ bus and went for ____ walk around the lake. A．/; a B．/; / C．the; a D．the; the 4．Going to ______ high school for one year in Britain was quite ______ exciting experience for me. A．不填; an B．a; a C．不填; 不填D．the; a 5．— Did you watch the movie Amazing China? —Yes. It’s one of most popular films this year. A．a B．an C．the 6．You are such __ honest kid, and I would like to invite you for __ dinner.. A．an; a B．a; the C．an; / D．a; / 7．—How is he getting along with ________ experiment? —Not smoothly. Though he failed three times, he wants to try ________ fourth time. A．the; the B．an; a C．the; a D．an; the 8．--I hear there will be______ talk on teenage problems next Monday. --Do you mean______ talk our teacher asked us to listen to? A．the; a B．a; the C．the; an D．an; the 9．There is ________ “o” and ______ “n” in the expression “positive energy”. A．an; a B．an; an C．an; the D．the; a 10．---Linda, have you heard _________ song Little Apple? ---Is it the one Chopsticks Brother s sang last year? Maybe it’s ___most popular song in 2014. A．a; the B．the; the C．a; an D．the; a 11．Hainan is _____ island with fresh air and bright sunshine. A．the B．an C．a 12．--- Look at ______ boy wearing a brown hat. Is he _________ university student? --- Yes, he studies in Beijing University. A．the, a B．a, an C．the, an D．a, a 13．Today is my little sister’s ______ birthday. My family will get together to celebrate it. A．nine B．ninth C．the ninth D．the nine 14．---Kate, are you only child in your family? ---Yes, but new baby is on the way.
初中英语语法专项冠词
初中英语语法专项冠词 1、He is now living in ______ European country、 A、 a B、 an C、 / D、 any 2、 China is ______ old country with ______ long history、 A、 an, a B、 a, a C、 an, the D、 an, an 3、 My parents usually go out for ______ walk in ______ evening、 A、 the, a B、 a, the C、 /, the D、 a, an 4、 Her ______ second thing is to do her homework、 A、 a B、 an
D、/ 5、The word “flower” begins with ______ “f” and the end with ______ “r”、 A、 a, a B、 an, an C、 an, a D、 an,a 6、June1st is ______ Children’s Day、 A、 a B、 an C、 the D、/ 7、 ______ Huanghe River is _______ second largest river in China、 A、 The, the B、 A, a C、 The, a D、 A, the 8、 Paris is one of ______ most beautiful cities in ______ world、 A、 /, the
初中英语语法：冠词的讲解
初中英语语法：冠词的讲解冠词的用法讲解:(a ,an ,the ) A和an的用法的和区别. A用在以不是原因开头的单词,an是以元音开头的单词,(a,e,I,o,u) A book , an apple ,an orange , an egg, an icon, an umbrella . 一些固定的词组; A piece of cake , a cup of water, a glass of water. The的用法 1,特指的物体,大家都知道的物体. 例如:The pen is in the box . 2.在文中第二次提到的单词. 例如:I have a book, the book is on the table. 3,在世界上独一无二的事物前面. 例如:The sun is round. 4.在乐器的前面 例如:I play the piano. 5.在序数词的面前 例如:He is the first one . 6.在形容词的最高级的前面.
例如:He is the tallest boy in my class. 7,在形容词的前面加the,表示一类人例如:The young (年轻人) 8,在姓氏的复数的前面,表示一家人.例如:The Peters(彼特的一家) 不用冠词的用法 1,在不可数名词的前面. 例如:Beef is good for us . 2,在称呼,职位,头衔的前面 例如:Peter , Doctor Li 3.在人名,地名,国名的前面. 例如:Tom is a good boy. He is in Beijing . I am in China 4.在球类,学科的前面 例如:I play football. 5.在星期,节日,月份,季节. 例如:I am happy on Sunday . On Teachers’Day. In Spring
初中英语语法名词用法讲解及专项练习
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