中国翻译协会LSCAT考试资料 测试样卷答案

中国翻译协会LSCAT考试资料 测试样卷答案
中国翻译协会LSCAT考试资料 测试样卷答案

测试样卷答案

1、参考答案:D

注释:本题练习要点在于英文强调句。四个选项的意思与题目的中文句子一致,但A和B并不是强调句;C和D项采用了强调句式“it is...that/who”,这是英文中典型的焦点提前句式,表示it is和that/who之间的部分为焦点信息。连接词that/who可以省略。C 和D两项通过运用“it is...that”结构,形成聚焦句:把要强调的部分a whole year放在it is与that之间,成为前移的焦点,对其进行突出。但C项中主句和从句的时态不一致,故只能选择D项。

2、参考答案:C

注释:have a sweet tooth为习语表达,意为“喜欢吃甜食”,为非正式用语。。

3、参考答案:D

注释:ask after somebody即问候某人,为英国英语。ask about 为美国英语的说法,ask for为苏格兰英语。

4、参考答案:A

注释:原文中第二个句子是对前一句“享有盛誉”的解释说明,作为独立句而得到突出。A 将第二句译成了置于尾焦点的短语,并用for点明了原文中俩个句子间的因果逻辑关系。尾焦点的位置使这个短语得到突出,但与原文的独立句相比,突出程度要弱一些。B将其译成了前置的定语短语talented and creative修饰中心词English musicians ,从而被背景化了。C仍将其译成独立句子,突出程度与原文一致。D则将其译成表示原因的从句,由because点明主句和从句之间的因果关系。。

5、参考答案:B

注释:英文文本中的分裂句“It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他句子成分”是特有的一种强调句型。该英文句子把时间状语at Christmas前置加以强调。A项在时间状语“在圣诞节的时候”前加上“正是”一词标示焦点,突出强调,为有标记句子。B项把英文句子常态化地译成陈述句,没有强调,采用了去标记的手法。C项在时间状语“在圣诞节”前加上“就是”一词并且把短语前置,与原文强调语气一致,没有去标记。。

6、参考答案:A

注择:本题考查动词短语搭配的使用。A答案stir up有激起(情感、思绪)之意,回忆也是一种思绪,可以搭配stir up memory;B答案bring up 则提出(讨论等),使显示在计算机屏幕上、调出、抚养、养育等等意思,不符合本题搭配;C答案get up 有起床、起身,从事等等意思,不符合本题搭配;D答案take up 有占用,占据,开始从事,提出,接受(建议或能得到的东西)等等意思,不符合本题搭配。。

7、参考答案:A

注释:英语中的eat基本意思是“吃”,但和汉语中的“吃老本”、“吃食堂”和“吃父母”等搭配不同,英语中没有这些搭配,而可以和eat搭配的许多词语已经使得eat脱离了它的本义而走向了引申义了。eat humble pie可译为“忍气吞声”;“卑躬屈膝”对应的是eat dirt;“闷闷不乐”对应eat one’s heart out ;而“食言(不信守承诺)”恰好对应于英语中

2015年成人学位英语考试英汉互译精选练习

2015年成人学位英语考试英汉互译精选练习 汉译英部分: 1.每个人都知道,学习对一个人的成长是至关重要的。 2.我们的新产品非常受欢迎,对此我们感到十分自豪。 3.您能说话大声点好让每个人都听得见吗? 4.除了英语,你最好再学一门外语。 5.在教育孩子方面,表扬要比批评有效得多。 6.今年他们建造的房子跟去年一样多。 7.对不起,我忘了把你要的书带来了。 8.这项工作太难了,你干不了。 9.无论多么困难,我也不会失去信心。 10.物体离我们越远,看起来就越小。 11.他们试图想出一个解决这个问题的办法。 12.你离开教室时,别忘了关灯。 13.他喜欢一边做作业,一边听音乐。 14.我已了解清楚,他的结论是以事实为依据的。 15.对于年轻人来说,独立思考问题的能力很重要。 1.【答案】Everyone knows that learning is vital(very important)to one's development(growth). 2.【答案】Our new products are so popular that we are all proud of it. 或our new products are very popular, of which we are very proud. 3.【答案】Could you speak a little louder so that everyone can hear you? 4.【答案】Besides English, you'd better learn another foreign language. 5.【答案】In educating children, praise is much(far)more effective than criticism.. 6.【答案】They have built as many houses this year as they did last year. 7.【答案】I am sorry.I forget to bring the book you want. 8.【答案】The work is too difficult for you to do.

中国传统文化试题及答案

1.亨廷顿认为:文化的重要作用是用价值观影响人类的进步。 A A. 正确 B. 错误 2.《文化经济学》认为“文化是明天的生产力”。A A. 正确 B. 错误 3.文化精神是指:民族文化中占主导地位的基本思想与观念,或者说是文化传统的主流。A A. 正确 B. 错误 4.文化精神与民族精神的关系:(ABCD) A. 文化精神是指一个民族文化中占主导地位的思想与观念。属于事实判断范畴。 B. 民族精神是指文化精神中的优秀成分。属于价值判断范畴。 C. 文化精神属于事实判断范畴。 D. 民族精神属于价值判断范畴。 1.“以人为本”的思想包括:ABC A. 以人为尊 B. 以民为贵 C. 以仁为本 2.礼教的核心是:(ABCDE) A. 父子有亲 B. 君臣有义 C. 夫妇有别 D. 长幼有序 E. 朋友有信 3.有关孟子倡导“五伦”的说法,哪些是 正确的?(ABCD) A. “五伦”指父子有亲,君臣有义,夫 妇有别,长幼有序,朋友有信。 B. 五伦的观念是几千年来支配了我们中 国人的道德生活的最有力量的传统观念之 一。 C. “五伦”是我们礼教的核心,它是维 系中华民族的群体的纲纪。 D. 五伦里的权利和义务受到适当的遵 循,社会就会稳定和有秩序。 1.孔子思想体系的核心概念是: (A) A. 仁 B. 义 C. 礼 D. 知 2.颜渊问仁,子曰:(B) A. 仁者爱人 B. 克己复礼为仁 C. 仁者其言也讱 D. 能行五者(恭宽信敏惠)于天下,可 谓仁矣 3.孔子关于仁的答案的共同之处,是强调 (D) A. 博学 B. 审问 C. 明辨 D. 自我修养 4.孔子关于仁的回答,正确的答案应该在 所有那些答案的(A)中寻找 A. 共性 B. 个性 5.传统中国人的基本思维方式是: (D) A. 天人感应 B. 形式逻辑 C. 辩证逻辑 D. 天人合一 6.天的涵义包括:(D) A. 神性义 B. 道德义 C. 自然义 D. 神性义道德义自然义 7.天人感应思想的提出者是:(D) A. 孔子 B. 老子 C. 孟子 D. 董仲舒 8.天人合一的涵义包括:(D) A. 人与自然的和谐 B. 人与社会的和谐 C. 人的身心和谐 D. 人与自然、人与人以及人自身的和谐 9.达到天人合一的途径是:(C) A. 尽心 B. 慎独 C. 仁礼的统一 D. 穷理 10.荀子提出过:(B) A. 天人交相胜 B. 制天命而用之 C. 尽心、知性、知天 D. 不以人灭天 1.道家思想产生的职业渊源是(A) A. 史官 B. 祭司 C. 司马 D. 礼官 2.以下说法可以概括道家宗旨的是 (B) A. 和静清寂 B. 清虚卑弱 C. 仁义礼智 D. 恭宽敏惠 3.老子对于鬼神的看法是(C) A. 祭神如神在 B. 未知生,焉知死 C. 无神论 D. 怀疑论 4.在《道德经》中,老子认为水具有多种 品德,下列选项中不属于水的品德的是 (B ) A. 善利万物而不争 B. 推己及人 C. 居善地 D. 处众人之所恶 5.下文可以体现老子节俭思想的是 1

笔译说翻译复习资料

01A(3 人组)说翻译(下)材料 原文: 要以经济体制改革为重点,区别情况,分类推进,抓好牵一发而动全身的举措,力求取 得实质性进展,更多释放改革红利。 在全国实施工商登记制度改革,落实认缴登记制,由先证后照改为先照后证,由企业年 检制度改为年报公示制度,让市场主体不断迸发新的活力。(118 字) 译文: We will focus on economic structural reform, advance it on different fronts in a targeted way in light of different conditions, take key measures that will have an overall impact, strive to make substantive progress and reap more benefits from reform. We will reform the business registration system nationwide and carry out registration of subscribed capital. Issuing an operating permit before a license, which was the practice in the past, will be replaced with the practice of license first, operating permit second. Annual inspections of businesses will be replaced by annual reporting to incentivize market actors. 0 1B(3 人组)说翻译(下)材料 原文: 坚持放管并重,建立纵横联动协同管理机制,实现责任和权力同步下放、放活和监管同 步到位。 各级政府预算和决算都要向社会公开,部门预算要逐步公开到基本支出和项目支出,所有财政拨款的“三公”经费都要公开,打造阳光财政,让群众看明白、能监督。(115 字)译文: We will attach equal importance to both delegating power and strengthening oversight, establish a mechanism of coordinating management between government bodies at both the same and different levels, and ensure that both responsibility and power are delegated together and that relaxing control and strengthening oversight go hand in hand. Governments at all levels should release their budgets and final accounts to the public, and budgets released by government bodies should progressively include details down to basic regular and project expenditures. In particular, all public spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality should be made public. We will ensure transparency of public finance and make it easy for people to understand and oversee it. 02A(3 人组)说翻译(下)材料 原文: 推进税收制度改革,把“营改增”试点扩大到铁路运输、邮政服务、电信等行业,清费 立税,推动消费税、资源税改革,做好房地产税、环境保护税立法相关工作。 保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定,扩大汇率双向浮动区间,推进人民币资本项目可兑换。(117 字) 译文: We will advance the reform of the tax system by taking the following steps: Extend trials for replacing business tax with VAT to the railway transport, postal and telecommunications services industries, abolish fees and replace them with taxes, reform the excise tax and resource tax, and move ahead with legislation on property tax and environmental protection tax. We will keep the renminbi exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate, balanced level,

中国传统文化知识题库(附答案)

传统文化知识题库 (2018.1) 注:比赛试题参照题库内容,但有可能超出题库范围,备赛时请尽量丰富备赛内容,提高学生的传统文化知识水平。 一、选择题 1.先秦时代,教育内容以“六艺”为主,下列不属于“六艺”的是(D) A.射B.御C.礼D.武 2.经魏晋多名士,有著名的竹林七贤,《与山巨源绝交书》是竹林七贤中的谁写给山涛的(B) A.阮籍B.嵇康C.刘伶D.向秀 3.“生当做人杰,死亦为鬼雄,至今思项羽,不肯过江东。”为哪位诗人的作品?(D) A.李白B.杜甫C.李商隐D.李清照 4.“豆蔻”是指(A)岁 A.十三B.十五C.十八D.二十 5.友谊的深浅,由下列那一个成语可以看出情义最为深重?(C) A.莫逆之交B.金兰之交C.刎颈之交D.点头之交 6.鲁迅先生称(A)为“史家之绝唱,无韵之离骚”。 A.史记B.汉书C.三国志D.资治通鉴 7.“天道有常,不为尧存,不为桀亡。”是百家中那位思想家的观点(C) A.孟子B.韩非子C.荀子D.老子 8.魏晋时期,建安七子是当时文学的代表人物,下列属于建安七子的是(D) A.嵇康B.曹植C.山涛D.阮瑀 9.“茕茕子立,形影相吊”出自(C) A.《出师表》B.《答司马谏议书》C.《陈情表》D.《报刘一丈书》 10.下列不属于“十三经”的是(C) A.周易B.尚书C.史记D.尔雅 11.菩提本无树,明镜亦非台,本来无一物,何处惹尘埃,出自(B) A.慧思B.慧能C.神秀D.玄奘 12.下列名句出处对应都正确的一项是(C) ①方今天下,舍我其谁。②朝闻道,夕死可矣。 ③吾生也有涯,而知也无涯。④九层之台,起于累土。 A.孔子孟子老子庄子B.孟子孔子老子庄子 C.孟子孔子庄子老子D.孔子孟子庄子老子 13.西汉哪位皇帝在位是昭君出塞嫁给了呼韩邪单于( A ) A.汉元帝B.汉武帝C.汉高祖D.汉明帝 14.李贺在唐代诗坛被称为( D ) A.诗佛B.诗仙C.诗圣D.诗鬼 15.“文章合为时而著,歌诗合为事而作”是由谁提出的( A ) A.白居易B.柳宗元C.周敦颐D.刘禹锡

2019年成人英语三级考试口语英汉互译指导4

2019年成人英语三级考试口语英汉互译指导4 31. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. 32. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi. 33. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says that they haven‘t. 34. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner. 35. Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos. 36. Since different people like to do so many different things in their spare time, we could make a long list of hobbies, taking in everything from collecting matchboxes and raising rare fish, to learning about the stars and making model ships. 37. They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open by its warm breath, so they will wait beside the hole and kill it.

英语考试翻译复习资料

英语考试翻译复习资料 Unit1 Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. 你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差?其实,责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑,必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习,有用的词汇必须牢记,而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。 It is true that there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language. Talking with your classmates, for example, can be an easy and enjoyable way to get some practice. Also try to find native speakers on your campus and feel free to talk with them. Perhaps the easiest way to practice speaking is to rehearse aloud, since this can be done at any time, in any place, and without a partner. For instance, you can look at pictures or objects around you and try to describe them in detail. You can also rehearse everyday situations. After you have made a purchase in a shop or finished a meal in a restaurant and paid the check, pretend that all this happened in an English-speaking country and try to act it out in English. 的确,在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多,但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如,跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们随意交谈。或许练习讲英语最容易的方式是高声朗读,因为这在任何时间,任何地方,不需要搭档就可以做到。例如,你可以看着图片或身边的物件,试着对它们详加描述。你还可以复述日常情景。在商店里购物或在餐馆里吃完饭付过账后,假装这一切都发生在一个讲英语的国家,试着用英语把它表演出来。 Unit2 The next night, the blackest he had ever known, the sea became so rough that the boat almost turned over. Food, clothes, and broken glass were all mixed together. Fortunately, the damage to the boat was not too serious. Chichester calmly got into bed and went to sleep. When he woke up, the sea had become calm again. Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he

《中国传统文化》(本科)复习资料及答案

期末练兵多选题 1、天人之辩的主要观点(ABCD ) A、重人事,轻天道 B、天道自然 C、天人相分 D、天人交相胜,还相用 2、中国传统艺术的民族特色(ABC ) A、天人合一、物我合一的审美境界追求 B、重言志,追求美善合一的审美旨趣 C、圆融贯通的表现手法 D、较强的功利性 3、中国传统文化的主要特点( ABCD ) A、以人为本 B、强大的延续力 C、以和为贵 D、重道德 4、造成中国文化近代转型迟滞的原因主要有( ABCD ) A、腐败的专制制度和残酷的经济剥削 B、腐败专制的官僚政治 C、禁海锁国,画牢自封 D、文化专制,扼杀异端 5、学习中国传统文化的目的、意义( ABCD ) A、可以增强民族自豪感和爱国情怀 B、有助于改革开放和现代化建设 C、有助于祖国统一、振兴中华 D、可以提高个人的文化素养和思想品位 6、中国传统科学技术的总体特征包括( ABD )

A、实用功利性 B、辨证整体性 C、科学实践性 D、经验直观性 7、中国传统哲学的特点( ABCD ) A、侧重于人生哲理的探讨 B、哲学与政治、伦理含融不分 C、整体把握、直觉体悟的思维方式 D、注重对事物的整体把握,较少做细部论证;注重对道理的直觉体悟,而较少做逻辑分析 8、中国佛教的主要宗派( ABCD ) A、天台宗 B、唯识宗 C、华严宗 D、净土宗 9、中国传统文化在西方的传播主要包括( ABCD ) A、造纸术约在唐朝中期传入西亚,再到欧洲 B、火药13、14世纪由阿拉伯人传到欧洲,很快被应用于军事 C、中国美术、绘画、陶瓷对欧洲人来说不仅实用,而且是有价值的艺术品 D、在学术思想方面,儒家思想由传教士传播到欧洲 10、中国优秀的史学文化传统包括( ABCD ) A、求实精神 B、惩恶扬善的批判精神 C、以史为鉴的经邦致用精神 D、融贯诸学,吸纳百家的会通精神 11、中华民族传统美德的主要内容包括( ABCD ) A、仁爱孝悌、谦和好礼 B、诚信知报、精忠爱国 C、克己奉公、修己独慎 D、见利思义、勤俭廉正 12、董仲舒的思想主要有哪些方面( ABC )

题库——英汉互译

题型四英汉互译 学生学习与生活类 Passage 1 1. 现如今许多学生对上网十分感兴趣。 But it has the good sides and the Bad ones. Generally, we can see the following good sides. First it’s quick for kids to get lots of information they need. 2. They can also open their eyes by making use of the Internet. Besides, they can make a lot of friends on the Internet. But the bad sides are also clear. 3. It is easy for kids to fall in love with computer games and it’s hard for them to stop. That is a waste of time and money, 4. 并且这对他们的学习也有害。To make matters worse, a lot of kids get cheated on the Internet. However , I believe that the good sides are over the bad ones, so I would not give up the Internet. But I will never spend more than one hour on the Internet. 5. In this way, it will not have a bad influence on my life and study. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。讲述了学生上网的两面性:有利的是可以更快地获取知识、提高学习成绩与结交很多朋友;不利的是很容易沉迷于网络游戏、影响学习及上当受骗。 many students are very interested in surfing the Internet.【解析】对……感兴趣be interested in...;上网surf the Internet。 2.他们也可以通过使用网络来开拓他们的视野。【解析】open eyes开拓视野;

中国传统文化选择题参考期末测验

中国传统文化选择题参考期末测验

————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:

内容有点多,给大家整理一下吧,,谢谢了,, 涛哥整理,侵权必究 1.我国第一部完整的编年体史书是( A ) 春秋左氏传 B 国语 C 史记 D 资治通鉴 .先秦诸子中,法家本着历史进化的观念,提出了( B )等规范社会生活和行为准则的观念。 仁、礼 B 法、术、势 C 兼爱 D 无为 .魏晋时期兴起的玄学,第一次将( C )摆到最为重要的地位。 家族观念 B 忠君观念 C 个体人格 D 社会群体 .清代时,清儒推尊汉儒,而攻击宋代理学家空疏解经,呼其学为( D ),以示与汉学区别。 理学 B 道学 C 考据学 D 宋学 .在儒学中,作为天人共通契合点的,是( A ) 德 B 道 C 君子 D 仁 .中国封建时代运用"外儒内法"的统治术是在( C )就开始的。 先秦 B 秦 C 西汉 C 东汉 ."阴阳"是一对中国古代哲学中范畴,含有丰富的辩证思想。在阴阳理论中,中国人是(A )为本的。 阴 B 阳 C 阴阳互动 D 阳胜于阴 .中国封建社会之所以能如此稳定地延续二千多年,与( B )的哲学思想渗入到社会各个阶层,是密切相关的。 天人合一 B 中庸 C 阴阳 D 无为 .《史记》中所记秦汉时期的游侠之士,多为( A ) 违法犯禁之徒 B 循规蹈矩之士 好学谦虚之人 D 仁慈善良之辈 .虽然随着时间的推移,剑文化中的灵异色彩不断增加,但剑文化内涵始终是( B )的象征。 仁义、忠诚 B 正义、正气 C 万物有灵 D 驱邪逐怪

翻译课 考试准备材料

【请注意:每个句子后面的翻译仅供参考,不是唯一的答案,每位同学可以写出更好的】 1)lead a dog‘s life 过着牛马一样的生活 2)drink like a fish 牛饮 3)We provide a competitive compensation plan with exceptional benefits. If you are interested in a challenging position that requires travel and flexible hours, please fax your resume with compensation details to Pacific Information Company, 22 Fuxing Avenue, Beijing.本公司先有一个富有挑战性的、需要经常出差和办公时间可以灵活的职位,工资待遇高,另加优厚的资金。感兴趣者请把简历和工资要求用传真一道寄给:北京复兴路22号太平洋信息公司。 4)Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。 5)Delicate difference 细微/微妙的差别 6)Delicate food 美味的食物, 精致的食物 7)That library will stand into the next century.(一直用) 8)He stands first in his class.(名列) 9)The newspaper claims to be the mirror of public opinions. 该报宣称忠实反映 了公众的意见。 10)Many changes take place during the transformation.在转化过程中发生了许多 变化。 11)For generations coal and oil have been regarded as the thief energy sources used to transport men from place to place.几十年来,煤和石油一直被认为是交通运输的重要能源。 12)His chances of getting into the corporation are one out of hundred.他进入这家 公司的机会微乎其微。 13)Since I only got the news at second hand, I took it with a grain of salt.这个消息 我只是间接听来的,所以并不完全相信。 14)三教九流People in various trades 15)乌纱帽An official post 16)When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as on might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.为什么如此众多的美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢?我认为原因有二,而两者之间又有深浅之分。 17)屡战屡败defeated repeatedly although fight again and again 18)屡败屡战fight again and again though defeated repeatedly 19)自学self-taught 20)红眼green-eyed 21)来回:back and forth 22)迟早:Sooner or later 23)They had to sell the firm because for years they had operated it in the red. 因为 经营这家公司几年来一直亏损,所以他们只好把它卖掉。 24)His announcement got a mixed reaction. 他的声明引起了反应,不过有好有坏。 25)That region was the most identifiable trouble spot. 那地区是个麻烦的地方,这 是大家最容易看得出来的。 26)He unnecessarily spent a lot of time introducing this film, which the students are

成人学位英语考试英汉互译冲刺练习及答案一

成人学位英语考试英汉互译冲刺练习及答案一Wearing a seat belt saves lives;it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. 译文:系好安全带能够挽救性命,它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。 All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work,but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. 译文:所有这些给学生们施加了很大的压力,尽管如此,学生们还是积极参加学生活动。 Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has. 译文:当丈夫们和妻子们认识到这种能量圈的意思以及各个家庭成员所处的圈之后,许多家庭争吵就结束了。 Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours. 译文:只要可能,在下午做那些程序化的工作,把需要能量的工作留到你效率的时候去做。 For every course that he follows a student is given a grade,which is recorded,and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. 译文:学生们所学的每一门课程都有分数,而且要被记录存档,

2016英语翻译考试资料

英语翻译考试资料 1、谦虚使人进步,骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one go forward ,whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 2、冬天来了,春天还会远吗? If winter comes,can spring be far behind? 3、人不犯我,我不犯人。 We will not attack unless we are attacked. 4、由于天气很好,我们决定去爬山。 As the weather was fine,we decided to clime the mountain. 5、没有外力的作用,运动的物体就保持匀速直线运动。 A body in motion remains at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. 6、我们看见一只知更鸟,知道春天快要到了。 We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin. 7、月球离地球非常遥远,即使那边山上长着大树,我们用已经发明的最高倍率的望远镜也不能看到他们。 The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about,we could not see them through the most powerful telescope which have been invented. 8、1826年杰文逊逝世。按他生前的遗愿,在他墓地的石碑上刻着:独立宣言和弗吉尼亚州信教自由法令的作者,弗吉尼亚大学创建人之墓。 Upon his death in 1826,Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of the Declaration on Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia. 9、我读过你的文章,但没料想到你会这样年轻。 I have read your articles,but I expect to meet an older man. 10、他们会冲着那从天际弯弯地挂向地面的,看起来好像伸手可及的美丽彩虹大声呼喊。 They would shout at the pretty rainbows that are down to the earth,seeming never very far away.

中国传统文化概论复习资料整理

中国传统文化概论(复习资料) 第一章绪论 1.文化的核心问题是人。 2.文化的三层次说:广义,狭义,专义的文化 (1)广义的文化又称大文化,即主张文化是涵盖人类所有文明成果的大文化观。(2)狭义的文化又称小文化,主要指人类精神文化方面的创造性成果,不包括物质生产及其器物性,实体性成果。 (3)专义的文化是指沿袭传统和现实生活中人们对文化的直观理解,即将文化理解为文学,艺术,音乐,戏剧,舞蹈等为主的艺术文化。 3.文化的本质是自然的人化或人化自然。 具体包括: (1)文化的核心问题是人。 (2)自然包括两个部分: A.人之外的自然。即不依赖于人存在的自然界;“无机身体” B.人自身的自然。即人的“有机身体” (3)自然的人化包括两个方面: A.人类对外在自然的能动的现实的改造。 B.人自身躯体的全部的感觉(内在自然)发生属人的变化。 说到底,文化就是人类主体通过社会实践活动,适应,利用,改造自然界实体而逐步满足自身需要(包括肉体和精神需要)的过程。 4.文化的一般特征 (1)从文化的形成上来看,文化具有超生理性和超个人性。 (2)从文化的内容构成上来说,文化具有复合性。 (3)从文化的表现上来说,文化具有象征性。 (4)从文化的影响来说,文化具有传递性。 5.文化的功能 定义:文化的功能是指文化系统在人们的社会生活实践中,能适应和满足个人与社会多种需要的重要作用。 (1)记录功能:口头语言,文字,物质型文化

(2)认知功能:人类总是不断地通过文化来认识自然,社会,自身,世界。(3)传播功能:言语和文字,实物 (4)教化功能:文化不仅自觉地教化人,而且更多时候是潜移默化的教化人,使之社会化。 (5)凝聚功能:在民族群体中表现的尤为明显。中华民族文化的凝聚功能主要表现为爱国主义;文化层次不同,文化凝聚范围,程度,层次也不同。 (6)调控功能:主要依靠精神型文化和制度行为文化来实现。 6.文化形态学角度将广义文化分为四个层次: (1)物态文化;是指人的物质生产活动方式和产品的总和 (2)制度文化;是人类在社会实践中建立起来的各种社会规范的总和。 (3)行为文化:是人类在社会实践,尤其是在人际交往中约定俗成的习惯性定势。(风俗习惯,行为礼仪,交往方式等); (4)心态文化:(是文化的核心部分)相当于精神文化或社会意识的概念,分为社会心理和社会意识形态(又包括基层意识形态和高层意识形态)。 7.什么是中国文化?如何理解中国传统文化?结合实际谈谈学习中国传统文化的意义。 ●中国文化的含义:是指中华民族及其祖先在自己脚下的这片土地上创造出来 并且传播到世界各地的文化总和。中国文化是一个历史的,发展的概念。中国文化根生土长,多源一体。 ●中国传统文化含义:指在长期的历史发展过程中形成和发展起来的,保留在 中华民族中间具有稳定形态的中国文化。包括思想观念,思维方式,价值取向,道德情操,生活方式,礼仪制度,风俗习惯,宗教信仰,文学艺术,教育科学等诸多层面的内容。 ●理解【从时间维度理解】: (1)传统文化指文化的过去式。 (2)传统文化又指文化的现在式或正在进行式,即从过去一直延伸到现在的文化观念。 (3)传统文化也可能指文化的将来式,即对未来的文化建构产生影响的文化观念,它们将成为未来文化的重要组成部分。

英汉互译(含答案)

阅读下短文,将划线句子翻译成中文或英语。 一、 Making friends is a skill. 1. Before you make friends, you have to decide whom you want to be your friends. Most people like to have friends who like to do the same kind of things as they do. 2. The quickest way to make friends is to smile. When you smile, people think you are friendly to them and easy to talk to. It may not be easy to smile at first, but remember most people will stay away from an angry-looking face. To talk with others is a good way to make friends. One easy way to start a talk with someone is to say something nice about him. 3.Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you. Doesn’t it make you want to keep talking to that person? Ask your new friends some questions about themselves. Who are their favorite singers? Where do they live? 4.他们放学后做些什么?There are all good questions to start a talk. Make sure you have something to add to the talk,too. 5. When someone asks you a question, y ou’d better have an answer for them. Remember that nothing will stop a talk more quickly than a shrug(耸肩) for an answer. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 二、 Dear Knowledgeable, My best friend, Mei,has a problem. There is an important English speech contest for our whole town next month. (1) Our classmates want her to represent the class in the school contest. Everyone is sure she will win. It's probably true. (2) 梅很聪明并且英语说得非常好。In fact, she always comes top in the school exams. The problem is that she’s very shy. (3)她不想让她的朋友们失望,but she's terrified of speaking in front of other people. She’s my friend,so she can tell me that she's shy. But she can’t tell everyone that. (4) I can’t

相关文档
最新文档