雅思阅读长难句分析
倒装结构
1．Halfway across the room, a small pistol in his hand, stood a man.
结构：全句只有1个谓语动词：stood。本句是完全倒装结构，按正常语序应该是：A small pistol in his hand, a man stood halfway across the room. 其中，a small pistol in his hand 是一个独立主格结构，修饰主语a man.
翻译：一名男子站在屋子中间，手里拿着一支手枪。
2．They do not seem to like one another very much, neither are they too keen on conventional people.
结构：全句有2个谓语动词：do和are。本句的后半部分是一个主谓倒装的单句，按正常语序应该是：They are neither too keen on conventional people. 注意neither指的是“（两个中的）一个都不”。
翻译：他们看起来不太喜欢彼此。他们也都不怎么喜欢传统的人（普通人）。
3．Down came the “white only” notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South.
结构：全句有2个谓语动词：came，could be。其中主句的是：came。按照正常语序句子主干应该是：The “white only” notices … came down. Notices 后面的介词短语，作为后置定语修饰notices。介词短语后面还有一个that引导的定语从句修饰notices。为了避免主语部分过于冗长，因而将主谓倒装。
翻译：曾经一度在南部的公车上，旅馆里，火车上，饭店里，在体育赛事中，在公共卫生间里，在公园长椅上到处可见的“白人专用”的牌子已经取下。
4. Quite different is the outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848.
结构：全句只有1个谓语动词：is。本句是一个完全倒装句，按照正常语序应该是：The outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848, is quite different.介词短语like those of…作为后置定语修饰insurrections，其中为了省略而使用those 代替the insurrections。
翻译：像1830年7月起义和1848年2月起义这样的成功起义的结果是大不相同的。
5. Splendid is the architecture of Manhattan, the heart of the city, with its hundred and more skyscrapers.
结构：全句只有1个谓语动词：is。本句是一个完全倒装句。按照正常语序应该是：The architecture of Manhattan, the heart of the city, with its hundred and more skyscrapers, is splendid.
翻译：作为这座城市的中心，曼哈顿的摩天大厦有百余幢之多，其建筑十分壮观。
6.
Especially popular were his Sunday evening dinners, usually followed by musical performances.
结构：全句只有1个谓语动词：were。本句是一个完全倒装句，按照正常语序应该是：His Sunday evening dinners, usually followed by musical performances, were especially popular. 过去分词短语followed by musical performances 作为后置定语修饰dinners。
翻译：他的周日晚餐尤其受欢迎，晚餐结束后通常还有音乐演出。
7. Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area.
结构：全句只有1个谓语动词：begun。本句是一个以only开头的主谓倒装句，按照正常语序应该是：Women have begun to catch up with men in this area only in recent years. Only在句中起强调作用，所强调的是in recent years.
翻译：仅仅是近几年来，妇女才开始在这个领域赶上男子。
8. Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.
结构：全句有2个谓语动词：was和would be。整句话由两个简单句构成，其中第一个简单句是一个完全倒装句，按照正常语序应该是：The idea of Saturday afternoon cricket was perhaps worse。
翻译：星期六下午去打板球这主意也许更糟糕；那个时候我的朋友通常都会自在享受悠闲时光。
9. But unpopular as red has been in the past, at the moment it is a favorite hair dye.
结构：全句有2个谓语动词：has been和is。其中，as引导的让步状语从句是一个部分倒装句，按照正常语序应该是：Although red has been unpopular in the past。句子可被拆分为：
1． Red has been unpopular in the past.
2． But at the moment it is a favorite hair dye.
翻译：尽管过去红色不怎么流行，现在却是一种备受欢迎的染发颜色。
10. Only w hen he has lost his way does he realize that he wasn’t careful enough to make sure that he really did understand.
结构：全句有4个谓语动词：has，does realize，wasn’t和did understand.。其中主句的是：does realize。本句话是以only开头的强调句，其所强调的是when引导的条件状语从句。第一个that引导的是realize的宾语从句。第一个that引导的是make sure的宾语从句。
翻译：只有当他迷了路，他才明白到当时自己不够谨慎，没有确定自己是否真的懂了。
11. Only by becoming wealthier can countries correct these conditions.
结构：全句只有1个谓语动词：can correct。本句话是以only开头的强调句，其所强调的是方式状语by becoming wealthier。按照正常语序应该是：Countries can correct these conditions only by becoming wealthier。
翻译：一个国家只有通过变得富强才能纠正这些问题。
12．Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.
结构：全句有3个谓语动词：were，should have和should hesitate。其中主句的是：should hesitate。本句是一个条件式虚拟倒装句。前半部分是一个if 引导的条件状语从句，按照正常语序为：If it were left to me to decide…。whether引导的是decide的宾语从句。
翻译：如果由我来决定是有政府无报纸还是有报纸无政府，我会毫不犹豫选择后者。
13．Out of our emotional experience with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”.
结构：全句有3个谓语动词：comes，are和are。其中主句的是：comes，两个are是that引导的主语feeling的同位语从句中的两个并列谓语。为了避免造
成头重脚轻的感觉，主句是一个完全倒装句，按照正常语序句子主干应该为：A
social feeling of agreement … comes out of our emo tional experience with objects and events.
翻译：从我们对于客观物体和事件的情感经验中产生了一种共同的社会情绪：某些东西和行为是“好的”而其他的是“坏的”。
14．Among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics is the GG strain of Lactobacillus, discovered by Dr. Sherwood Gorbach and biochemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine.
结构：全句只有1个谓语动词：is。整个句子是一个完全倒装句，按照正常语序句子主干应该是：The GG strain of Lactobacillus … is among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics。过去分词短语discovered by…作为后置定语修饰the GG strain of Lactobacillus，后面的短语both at…则是两个人名的定语。
翻译：由塔夫茨大学医学院舍伍德·哥尔巴赫教授和生化学家巴利·格尔丁发现的鼠李糖乳杆菌是最有前途并且研究得最充分的益生菌之一。
15．Only when total production expands faster than the rate of labor force growth plus the rate of productivity increase and minus the rate at which average annual hours fall does the unemployment rate fall.
结构：全句有4个谓语动词：expands，fall和does fall。其中主句的是：does fall。这是一个由only开头的条件式强调句，主句采用倒装句式。按照正常语序句子主干应该为：the unemployment rate does fall。在when引导的条件状语从句中which引导的是第三个rate的定语从句。
翻译：只有当总产量增长率大于劳动力增长速率加上生产力增长率并减去平均年劳动时间下降的速率时，失业率才会下降。
分隔结构
1. Evening had now come, (the last of Adolf Hitler’s life).
结构：只有1个谓语动词：had come，分隔了主语evening和它的同位语(the last of Adolf Hitler’s life)。(the last of Adolf Hitler’s life)由于较长，所以放在了后面。本句的原型是：Evening, (the last of Adolf Hitler’s life), had now come.
翻译：阿道夫.希特勒生命中的最后一个夜晚已经来临了。
2. We live in a time when, (more than ever before in history), people are moving about.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，主句的是live。(more than ever before in history)分隔了定语从句的引导词when和people are moving about。拆分为：
1) We live in a time.
2) In a time people are moving about (more than ever before in history).
翻译：在我们生活的时代中，人们四处奔波的程度远远超过历史上的任何时期。
3. Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching.
结构：共有3个谓语动词，主句的是hope。that引导的是an announcement的同位语从句，原型是an announcement that enemy missiles are approaching comes over the radio。但是，由于谓语动词太短，造成头重脚轻，所以同位语从句被放到了后面。拆分为：
1) Several neighbors hope to find … on their street.
2) When an announcement comes over the radio.
3) That enemy missiles are approaching.
翻译：当电台里面宣布敌人的导弹袭来的时候，有几个邻居希望能在街上唯一的避弹所里找到藏身之处。
4. The willingness to recognize the value of these newer “unscientific” ways of doing science may be another instance of the human ability to adapt and survive, of which we spoke earlier.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，主句的是may be。主干是The willingness…may be another instance…。of which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰the human ability，被to adapt and survive分隔。
1) The willingness to recognize the value of these newer “unscientific” ways of doing science may be another instance of the human ability to adapt and survive.
2) We spoke of the human ability.
翻译：认识到从事科学工作的一些更新颖的、“非科学”方法的价值的愿望，也许是我们早先提到过的人类所具有的适应能力和生存能力的另一个例子。
5. It is an activity you turn to for pleasure, not something that you have to do, like helping with the dishes.
结构：共有3个谓语动词，主句的是is。主干为It is an activity…, not something…。 you turn to for pleasure是一个省略了that的定语从句，修饰activity。修饰something的定语从句that you have to do分隔了something 和它的另一个定语like helping with the dishes。拆分为：
1) It is an activity.
2) You turn to the activity for pleasure.
3) You have to do something.
翻译：这是一种你寻求快乐的活动，而非像帮人刷盘子那样的一些你不得不作的事情。
6. The tour races of France and Italy, (held each year), cover more than 2,000 miles.
结构：只有1个谓语动词。过去分词(held each year)作为the tour races的定语，被另一个定语of France and Italy分隔。当一个名词或代词后面同时接有两个以上的定语，或者名词或代词后面的定语被其他成分（例如状语，插入语，同位语等）隔开时，称为“分割定语”。例如：The man in old age who can see his life in this way will not suffer from the pain of death. in old age 分隔了the man的定语从句。
翻译：环法国和意大利的巡回赛每年举行，其行程长达2,000多英里。
7. While I was waiting to enter university, I saw (advertised in a local newspaper) a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.
结构：共有3个谓语动词，主句的是saw。主句的原型是I saw a teaching post (advertised in a local newspa per) at a school in a suburb of London…。(advertised in a local newspaper)也是a teaching post的定语，但是分隔了saw和a teaching post。之所以把(advertised in a local newspaper)提到a teaching post之前，是因为主句的原型中，a teaching post的后置定语太长，容易造成理解上的混乱。
翻译：当我等待进入大学期间，我看到当地的一家报纸上登着一个教师职位的招聘广告，其所在的学校位于伦敦郊区，而那个地方离我的住处有大约10英里的路程。
8. The second aspect is the application (by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen), of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，主句的是is。(by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen)分隔了the application和它的定语of the special methods…。that引导的定语从句修饰the special methods。拆分为：
1) The second aspect is the application…of the special methods of thought and action.
2) Scientists use the special methods of thought and action in their work.
翻译：第二个方面是社会的全体成员，从政府官员到普通公民，都要使用科学家在他们的工作中所使用的那些特殊的思考和行动的方法。
9. I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth.
结构：共有4个谓语动词，主句的是launched into。I had made for years
是省略了that的定语从句，分隔了the speech和about。about后面是两个并列的宾语从句。拆分为：
1) I launched into a variation of the speech about...
2) I had made the speech for years.
3) How excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce.
4) How cutting taxes can generate growth.
翻译：我做了一次与几年前内容不同的演讲，谈的是关于过高的税率会如何挫伤生产的积极性，以及减税如何能够促进发展。
10. Even his critics say the Ames test – his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure that helps determine whether a substance might cause cancer – is a remarkable achievement.
结构：共有4个谓语动词，主句的是say。his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure…是一个很长的同位语，分隔了宾语从句中的the Ames test和is a remarkable achievement。拆分为：
1) Even his critics say.
2) The Ames test is a remarkable achievement.
3) His simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure helps determine.
4) Whether a substance might cause cancer.
翻译：甚至连他的批评者都说爱姆兹试验是一项非凡的成就。这种试验是一种简单而又廉价的实验过程，却有助于确定某一种物质是否能够造成癌症。
11. The cessation（停止） of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent（即将来临的） is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.
结构：共有3个谓语动词，主句的是第三个is。主干是The cessation…is the decisi on…，但是主语与系动词之间被长长的定语of the employment…所分隔。that引导evidence的同位语从句。拆分为：
1) The cessation of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.
2) When there is irrefutable evidence.
3) That biological death is imminent.
翻译：当有确凿的证据证明病人即将进入生物死亡时，停止采用非常规手段来延长其生命的决定，应该由病人和（或）其直系亲属做出。
12. Although her characters were portrayed（描绘） in many settings and situations, they all reflected, (by the often tragic outcome of their lives), her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness（悲伤，痛苦） of another.
结构：共有4个谓语动词，主句的是reflected。(by the often tragic outcome of their lives)分隔了reflected和它的宾语her profound conviction。that 引导了her profound conviction的同位语从句。拆分为：
1) Although her characters were portrayed（描绘） in many settings and situations.
2) The all reflected her profound conviction.
3) That no human could be happy.
4) If that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness of another.
翻译：虽然她描绘出的角色出现在各种背景和情节当中，但是由于这些角色经常都是以悲剧而告终，因此他们都能反映出她深深地相信，如果把快乐建立在别人的痛苦之上，那么没有人会真的快乐。
13. I plan to see her soon in England, though not, (she reminded me), again at 10 Downing Street.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，主句的是plan。(she reminded me)是分隔结构。Though 实际上引导了一个省略的让步状语从句，其原型是though (it will) not (be) again at 10 Downing Street。拆分为：
1) I plan to see her soon in England.
2) Though (it will) not (be) again at 10 Downing Street.
3) She reminded me.
翻译：我打算很快在英国见到她，虽然她提醒我地点将不再是在唐宁街10号了。从句
1．First it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed.
结构：全句有3个谓语动词：will pass，will tear和is。其中主句的是will pass。句子主干是it will pass through sharp metal bars。第一个which引导的定语从句修饰的是sharp metal bars。第二个which引导的定语从句修饰的是the plastic bags。这是大定语从句里面还有一个小定语从句。句子可以拆分为：
1. First it will pass through sharp metal bars.
2. The metal bars will tear open the plastic bags.
3. Rubbish is usually packed in the bags.
翻译：首先，垃圾要通过尖的金属棒，金属棒会把装垃圾的塑料袋弄破。
2．When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.
结构：全句有4组谓语动词：talk，mean，acts/speaks/thinks/feels和make。其中主句的是：mean。句首是When引导的时间状语从句。之后which引导的定语从句和that引导的定语从句都是修饰the ways的。句子可以拆分为：
1. We talk about someone’s personality.
2. We mean the ways.
3. He or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels in these ways.
4. These make that individual different from others.
翻译：当我们谈到某个人的个性时，我们指的是他/她在行为，言谈和思考以及感觉等方面的方式。这些方式使这个人区别于他人。
3．Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity and hard work are protected.
结构：全句有3个谓语动词：is, is和are protected。其中主句的是：is, is。全句由两个有递进关系的单句构成。其中，which引导的是定语从句，修饰the means。句子可被拆分为：
1. Competition is not only good in itself.
2. It is the means.
3. Other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity and hard work are protected by these means.
翻译：竞争不但本身就是好事，还是其他基本的美国价值观如个人自由，机会平等和勤奋工作等得到保护的手段。
4. The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness.
结构：全句有3个谓语动词：hold，equals和reduce。其中主句的是reduces。句子主干为：The way actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness。The way 后面是省略了which/that的定语从句。在这个定语从句中，还有一个that引导的同位语从句，修饰the belief。句子可以拆分为：
1. This way actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real
happiness.
2. A fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness.
3. People hold to this belief.
翻译：人们信奉的充实又无忧无虑的生活就等于幸福的信念实际上降低了他们获得真正的幸福的可能性。
5. Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation.
结构：全句有3个谓语动词：oppose，base和prefers。其中主句的是：base。句子主干为：Those base their case primarily on the assumption and on the high cost。其中who引导的是定语从句，修饰those。that引导的同位语从句修饰the assumption。
翻译：那些反对建设公寓的人的理由主要是基于大家都喜欢单独的住宅和花园的假设以及每个居住单位的高成本。
6. Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposure received throughout his lifetime.
结构：全句有3个谓语动词：have pointed，are和may depend。其中主句的是have pointed。句子主干为：Responsible public health officials have pointed out that。that引导的是pointed out的宾语从句。The danger…是省略了that 的pointed out的宾语从句，。
翻译：公共卫生部门的相关负责官员已经指出化学物质的生物作用是长期累积的，并且其对个人的危害要视其一生暴露于化学物质的总量而定。
7. My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.
结构：全句有2个谓语动词：is和is。其中主句的是第一个is。句子主干为：My point is that。that引导的从句在句子中的成分为表语，因而这个从句是一个表语从句。句子可以拆分为：
1. My point is this.
2. The frequent complaint … is inevitable.
翻译：我的意思是一代人对其下一代人的时常的抱怨是不可避免的。
8. What we expect in life and what we are accustomed to would strongly influence our evaluation.
结构：全句有3个谓语动词：expect，are accustomed和would influence。What 引导的两个名词性从句在句子中作的是并列主语，因而是两个并列的主语从句。句子可被拆分为：
1. What we expect something in life.
2. What we are accustomed to something.
3. These would strongly influence our evaluation.
翻译：我们在生活中所期待的东西以及我们已经习惯的事物会强烈的影响我们的评价。
9. Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory.
结构：全句有4个谓语动词：have established，are engaged，occur和allow。其中主句的是：have established。句子主干为Researchers have established that。其中，第一个that引导的是have established的宾语从句。在这个宾语从句中，when引导的是其时间状语从句。要注意的是，第二个that引导的定语从句修饰的是biochemical changes而并非brain。
翻译：研究人员已经确定当人们进行心理活动时，大脑中发生的生物化学变化时的大脑思维在认知区域（如注意力和记忆力等）能够更加敏捷。
10. Part of the reason we view ourselves so favorably is that we use criteria that work to our advantage.
结构：全句有4个谓语动词：view，is，use和work。其中主句的是：is。句子主干为：Part of the reason is that。其中，the reason后面是省略了that/why 的定语从句。Is后面的that引导的是表语从句，在这个表语从句中的第二个that引导的是定语从句，修饰criteria。
翻译：我们如此肯定地看待自己的一部分原因是因为我们使用了对自己有利的标准。
11. It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when
we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level.
结构：全句有3个谓语动词：is，is和are seeking。其中主句的是：is。句子主干为：It is precisely this kind of conversation。that引导的定语从句修饰conversation。其中，在when引导的时间状语从句中，现在分词短语being placed…作为后置定语修饰demands。
翻译：在我们寻求提高阅读水平以满足更高层次的学习对我们的新要求时，重要的正是这种形式的对话。
12．It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous.
结构全句有3个谓语动词：says，has programmed和would be。其中主句的是：says。句子主干为：It merely says that。that引导的是says的宾语从句。需要注意的是，在这个宾语从句中，when引导的是一个定语从句，修饰time，而非时间状语从句。
翻译：它仅仅认为进化安排了我们在活动效率低并可能有危险的时侯执行这些功能。
13．Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer.
结构：全句有4个谓语动词：owe，are determined，take和has。其中主句的是：owe。句子主干为：Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents。who引导的是定语从句，修饰parents。其中，that 引导的是are determined的宾语从句，what引导的是介词of的宾语从句。
翻译：大多亚裔美国学生把成功归功于他们的父母。这些家长决心使自己的孩子充分利用美国的教育体系提供的条件。
14．Where previously it had concentrated on the big infrastructure projects such as dams, roads and bridges, it began to switch to projects which directly improved the basic services of a country.
结构：全句有3个谓语动词：had concentrated，began和improved。其中主句的是：began。句子主干为：it began to switch to projects。Where引导的是一个地点状语从句。which引导的是一个定语从句，修饰projects。
翻译：之前它曾将注意力集中在诸如大坝，道路以及桥梁等的大型基础设施建设工程上，而现在开始转向可以直接发展国家基础服务的工程上了。
插入结构
1． A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, (what is more important), always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句的是hears。(what is more)是插入语，而插入语并不重要。所以要先理解插入语两端的内容，再理解插入语。因此，对于插入语，我们的处理方法是：“先读两端，再读中间”。with后面的right…right…and right…是并列结构。
翻译：儿童从早到晚都能听到别人在讲（母语），而且更重要的是，听到的总是一种正确的发音、语调、用词以及语法结构的纯正语言。
2．Work, (for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under), involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.
结构：只有一个谓语动词：involves。(for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under)是插入语。本句的主干为：Work involves responsibility。for后面的内容修饰responsibility，而a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well为并列结构。
翻译：对于大多数美国和中国的55岁或者以下的妇女而言，工作的全部职责包括了负责家务、照顾孩子以及在家务之外还要上班。
3．Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, (unless there was a ship nearby), would be on an island 885 miles away.
结构：共有5个谓语动词，主句谓语动词为could not help。that引导think 的宾语从句。could contact属于定于从句，省略了引导词，修饰person。unless 引导条件状语从句，为插入语。拆分为：
1) Still, he could not help thinking.
2) That if anything should happen.
3) The nearest person would be on … away.
4) he could contact the person.
5) Unless there was a ship nearby.
翻译：他仍然忍不住想到，如果发生了什么意外，那么除非附近有条船，否则他能用电台联系到的最近的人也885英里之外的岛屿上。
4．Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, (at certain rare intervals), a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.
结构：只有1个谓语动词：has。its…, its…, its…, and a…or a…是并列结构，作为has的宾语。(at certain rare intervals)是插入语。
翻译：然而，这另一种生活也有其情趣、快乐、满足，而且也偶尔伴随着平静的喜悦或者突如其来的激动。
5．Our knowledge of social systems, (therefore), (while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate), is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中is not是主句的谓语动词。while引导的让步状语从句，作为插入语，分隔了主语和系动词。拆分为：
1) Our knowledge of social systems is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.
2) While it is in many ways extremely inaccurate.
翻译：因此，虽然在很多方面，我们对社会体制的认识极度不准确，但是这些认识并不能够被新的发现所正式推翻。
6．However, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, (no matter how virtuous), can not perform the duties morality assigns them.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中is是主句的谓语动词。because引导原因状语从句。(no matter how virtuous)是插入语，分隔了从句的主语和谓语。拆分为：
1) Self-fulfillment is important to morality.
2) Because unfulfilled citizens can not perform the duties morality assigns them.
翻译：然而，自我实现对于道德而言至关重要，因为没有自我实现的公民，无论多么有道德，都无法履行道德赋予他们的义务。
7． Information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, (whether they work in manufacturing or services), will have the advantage and produce the wealth.
结构：共有4组谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为will become和will have and produce。whether引导让步状语从句为插入语。拆分：
1) Information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people will have the advantages and produce the wealth.
2) People possess it.
3) Whether they work in manufacturing or services.
翻译：信息和知识将会变得更加重要，而且掌握它们的人们，不论是在制造业还是服务业，都将会拥有优势，创造财富。
8．What I was being blamed for, (it turned out), was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper.
结构：共有5个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为was。What引导主句从句。(it turned out)为插入语。拆分为：
1) What I was being blamed for was a newspaper strike.
2) The strike made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts.
3) The inserts normally are included with the Sunday paper.
翻译：原来，我因为一场报纸行业罢工而受到责备。罢工造成不得不用人工把那些通常是夹在周日报纸里面的广告插页递送出去。
9．While we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter, (with an ingratiating smile on his false face), came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为came up。(with an ingratiating smile on his false face)是插入语，分隔了主语和谓语。Ingratiating这个形容词修饰smile，不认识也不妨碍理解。拆分为：
1) The head waiter came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.
2) While we were waiting for the coffee.
翻译：正在我们等咖啡上来的时候，领班面带着奉承的微笑，走到我们跟前，带来了一大篮子的特大苹果。
10．But a great book, (rich in ideas and beauty), (a book that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions), demands the most active reading of which you are capable.
结构：共有3个谓语动词，其中demands是主句谓语动词。(rich in ideas and beauty)和(a book that…)是插入语。前者做a great book的后置定语，而后者是a great book的同位语，起补充说明的作用。that引导定语从句修饰book，which引导定语从句修饰reading。拆分为：
1) A great book demands the most active reading.
2) A book rises and tries to answer …questions.
3) You are capable of the reading.
翻译：但是一本富于思想和美感的伟大的书能够提出并试图回答一些伟大的根本问题。这样的书需要你尽最大所能来积极阅读。
11．You found upon that a general law that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, (so far as it goes), is a perfect induction.
结构：共有4个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为found和is。分号前后的两句话是并列的主句。upon that等于because of that。第一个that指a general law。第二个that引导a general law的同位语从句。(so far as it goes)是插入语，意思是“迄今为止”。拆分为：
1) You found upon that a general law.
2) That all hard and green apples are sour.
3) And that is a perfect induction.
翻译：由此你发现了一条普遍规律，即所有又硬又青的苹果都是酸的。而且，迄今为止，这是一条不错的归纳。
12．It is, (everyone agrees), a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.
结构：共有6个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为is和challenges。and连接两
个并列主句。(everyone agrees)为插入语。第二个that引导the fact的同位语从句。拆分为：
1) It is a huge task.
2) The child performs the task.
3) When he learns to speak.
4) The fact challenges explanation.
5) That he does so in so short period of time.
翻译：每个人都同意，孩子学说话是件艰巨的任务，而且他们能在如此短时间内做到，确实需要好好解释一下。
13．Computer crime, (a phrase denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts to invade data banks in order to steal or modify records, or to release over computer networks software called a virus that destroys data and programs), has grown at an alarming rate since the development of computer communications.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句的为has grown。主干为Computer crime has grown at an alarming rate…。中间的(a phrase…programs)是插入语，虽然很长，但是即使看不懂也不重要，只要明白是在解释computer crime即可。denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts …作为分词修饰a phrase。steal or modify records, or to release …software为并列结构。called a virus修饰software。
翻译：随着计算机通讯的发展，计算机犯罪已经在加速增长。计算机犯罪这个术语是指非法、秘密侵入数据库盗取或修改数据记录，或者在计算机网络上散布病毒软件来破坏数据和程序的行为。
14． Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, (that is to say), of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为must face。主干为：Britain must face the problem。 almost more than any other country in the world作为Britain的后置定语。(that is to say)是插入语，意为“也就是说”。两个of介词短语都在修饰the problem。
翻译：英国几乎比世界上任何国家都更加需要严肃对待向高空建筑房屋的问题，也就是说，要在很高的公寓楼里面容纳下人口总数的一大部分的问题。
平行并列结构
1．Everyone should know where the nearest fire alarm box is located and where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are.
结构：本句有三个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为should know，其余两个都是由where引导的并列宾语从句。本句可以拆分为：
1) Everyone should know.
2) Where the nearest fire alarm box is located.
3) Where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are.
翻译：每个人都应该知道最近的火灾报警箱的位置，以及安全出口、安全梯及防火门位于何处。
2．The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced.
结构：本句有2个谓语动词，其中第二个is influenced是主句的谓语动词，主干是The way is culturally influenced。第一个is used是定语从句的谓语动词，但是该定语从句省略了引导词。定语从句中三个并列的不定式短语动词
to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities共同作为is used 的目的状语。本句可以拆分为：
1) The way is culturally influenced.
2) Space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities.
翻译：怎样利用空间来获得个人隐私、建造家园以及设计城市都会受到文化的影响。
3． I wanted her to know that my heart was with her, and that I thought England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.
结构：本句有5个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为wanted。was和thought
分别属于两个由that引导的并列宾语从句。而owed和was going为两个并列的谓语动词，共同主语为England。England这句话前面为了避免重复而省略了宾语从句的引导词that，实际上是thought的宾语从句。本句可以拆分为：
1) I wanted her to know.
2) That my heart was with her.
3) That I thought.
4) (That) England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.
翻译：我想让她知道我的心陪伴着她，而且我认为英国欠了她一大笔债，很快就会想念她。
4．Keeping your head, (instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit), may make the difference between life and death when fire breaks out.
结构：本句有两个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为may make，其主语是动名词短语keeping your head。breaks out是when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词。插入语(instead of…)中的crowding和pushing两个动名词是平行并列结构。本句可以拆分为：
1) Keeping your head may make the difference between life and death.
2) When fire breaks out.
翻译：当发生火灾时，保持头脑冷静，而不是向安全出口拥堵，能够带来生与死的不同结果。
5．Neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless, that thousands of travelers fly safely everyday, and millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day.
结构：本句有4个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为can convince，其主语为Neither friends nor family。其余三个谓语动词全是convince的宾语从句的谓语动词，其中最后一个从句前面省略了that。拆分为：
1) Neither friends nor family can convince phobic people.
2) That most animals are harmless.
3) That thousands of travelers fly safely everyday.
4) (That) millions of people ride … each day.
翻译：朋友及家庭成员都无法说服恐惧症患者，使其相信大多数动物都无害，无数旅行者每天安全地飞行，上百万人每天都多次安全地乘坐电梯。
6．Millions of people travel about the country by rail, by bus, or by
【精编范文】雅思阅读长难句100句及翻译(1)-范文word版 (1页)
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1. 【雅思长难句分析】1-5 雅思阅读长难句分析： 1 And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 2 Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of techno logy or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 3 How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and Appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 4 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the Research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 5 Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s econom directly bound up with the efficiency of its
雅思阅读长难句分析(十二)
雅思阅读长难句分析(十二) 雅思阅读长难句一直是雅思阅读中的一个难点，烤鸭们几乎都被折磨过。今天，雅思小编就给大家具体分析一下剑桥真题中出现过的长难句，让烤鸭们掌握分析长难句的分析技巧，攻克雅思阅读长难句，不再是个传说。 1. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. (剑4 Test 1 Passage 1) 译文：这些误解不是孤立存在的，而是组成了一个尽管多层面却十分有条理的概念体系，这一点使得该体系本身及其所有组成的观点更加难以攻破，有些观点甚至本身就是错误的，但是也正是这样，它们反而更容易改动。 这个句子主要难在词汇和句子结构上。我们先来学习一下下面几个词汇： 1. multifaceted：多层面的；多才多艺的 2. component: 组成部分的 3. erroneous：错误的 4. robust: 粗鲁的；强健的 5. incorporated：组成的，合并的 我们该来分析一下句子结构：句子主语是These misconceptions，并列谓语do not remain ……but become，其中有not……but 句式，宾语是isolated，incorporated into…… framework。Making作结果状语，which引导限制性定语从句修饰the component ideas。
雅思阅读长难句分析作业
雅思阅读长难句分析作业（2011-12-23） 1.From a number of recent studies, it has become clear that blind people can appreciate the use of outlines and perspectives to describe the arrangement of objects and other surfaces in space. But pictures are more than literal representations. 翻译： In this paragraph the writer makes the point that blind people A.may be interested in studying art. B.can draw outlines of different objects and surface. C.can recognize conventions such as perspective. D.can draw accurately. 1.This fact was drawn to my attention dramatically when a blind woman in one of my investigations decided on her own initiative to draw a wheel as it was spinning .To show this motion, she traced a curve inside the circle. I was taken aback. 翻译：
雅思阅读长难句的分类和实例分析
雅思阅读长难句的分类和实例分析从常见的主从复合句、并列复合句和其他特殊句式三个方面分享了这些复杂结构的分析方法，大家可以参考一下，希望能提高大家的备考质量。 一、主从复合句：是指一个句子中有两个或两个以上主谓结构，并且其中一个(或更多)主谓结构作为句子的某些成分。常见的主从复合句有名词性从句(主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、宾语从句)、定语从句和状语从句。给大家举个例子吧： 例：同位语从句+定语从句+状语从句 Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. (剑9 Test 1 Passage 2) 句子结构分析：这句话的主干是we make a very conservative assumption that…that…since if…whether…。第一个That引导的从句作assumption的同位语，第二个that引导定语从句修饰a life form，since引导时间状语从句，if引导条件状语从句。 译文：第二，我们保守地假定我们正在搜寻的生命形式和人类非常相似，如果形势完全不同，那么我们可能不会把它看作一种生命形式，更不用说能否与它进行交流了。 二、并列复合句：由两个或两个以上的分句通过一些并列连词(but、and、not only…but also…、neither…nor…、yet、while、so等)，构成的复合句。常见的并列复合句可以分为并列关系复合句、转折关系复合句、因果关系复合句和选择关系复合句。给大家举个例子吧： 例：并列关系复合句 The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers. (剑9 Test 3 Passage 2) 句子结构分析：and连接两个并列句，第一个句子是被动语态，为现在完成时，句子主干是The technology has been developed in the North Sea oil industry 。第二个句子是主系表结构，为一般现在时，句子主干是much is already known about turbine blade design，because of作原因状语。 译文：应对海底恶劣盐渍环境的技术已经在北海油田工业中得以研发，而且得益于对风力发电及船只螺旋桨等技术的积累，人们对涡轮机叶片的设计已经有了很多了解。 三、其他特殊句式：除了上面给大家分享的一些复合句之外，雅思阅读中还会出现一些倒装、省略、强调等特殊句式，同学们备考的时候要注意一下。例子如下： 例1 ：强调句式
20天搞定100个雅思阅读长难句(4)
20天搞定100个雅思阅读长难句(4) 雅思长难句一直是雅思阅读高分的拦路虎，同学们需要学会层次分析法，将长句子拆分开来，就好理解多了哦。希望以下内容能够对大家的雅思学习有所帮助! 16. In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement，historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. 在很大程度上，由于女权主义运动(feminist movement)的缘故，史学家近年来汇聚了大量的注意力，来更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。 17. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons , it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact -real Amazonian societies - but rather to offer "moral lessons" on the supposed outcome of women's rule in their own society . 如果我们先研究一下为什么古人会提到亚马逊人，下面的一点就变得清晰了，那就是古希腊对于这种社会的庙睡不是太多的被用来表达观察的历史事实——真正的亚麻逊社会的——而是为了对于妇女在其社会中的统治的预期后果提供一种"道德教导".
雅思阅读长难句分析
雅思阅读长难句分析 1.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usuall English wordes’. 翻译：当然，过去也有词典，第一部词典是一本大约120页的小册子，它由一位叫罗伯特·考德雷的人编纂而成并于1604年出版，书名叫《疑难常用英语词汇表》。 词汇：compile v. 编写，编纂 a certain 某一 publish v. 出版 under the title 名叫……，题为…… 分析： 主干部分：There had been dictionaries in the past. （倒装句） 独立主格结构：the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages The first of these 逻辑主语 Being a little book of some 120 pages 分词短语 状语成分：compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, publishe d ... wordes’. （过去分词短语作状语） 2.Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer --- lexical as well as social and commercial. 翻译：除了从混乱中建立起秩序的实际需要，词典的兴起也与英国中产阶级的兴起息息相关，他们急切地希望能定义和界定各种各样等待他们去征服的领域——词汇领域，社会领域以及商业领域。 词汇： Chaos n. 混乱，紊乱 新通教育
雅思阅读中的15个长难句分析
小编仔细分析了一下，发现生词多、长难句多、不熟悉解题技巧是考生觉得雅思阅读时间紧张的原因。所以，小编整理了雅思阅读中的15个长难句分析，希望大家可以克服长难句这个壁垒。 1. Ahomeowner can get hurt trying to use the wrong kind of extinguisher on anelectrical fire. 2.Bolenciecwcz was staring at the floor, trying to think, his huge hands rubbingtogether, his face red. 3. Facingthe Atlantic, it is on the northeastern coast of the United States, and most ofthe city is built on islands. 4. He sat infront of them, dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit, never moving, his dustyface masking his age. 5. Freedfrom TV, forced to find their activities, they might take a ride together towatch the sunset. 6. Over 800full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining andrenewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. 7. He hadnever been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time hewas twenty he was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish,Russian, German, France, and English. 8. Thematerials used – copper, stainless steel, concrete and glass- give the buildinga striking beauty. 9. Afterall, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as youchose to look at it. 10. But atleast they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voicein the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals inresearch from the organizations that deserve no say. 11.Registering for classes, becoming familiar with the buildings on campus, buyingbooks, adding and dropping classes, and paying fees are confusing for everyone.
雅思阅读长难句汇总(上)
之前和大家分享了如何看长难句的方法和技巧，相信通过这篇文章的雅思真题阅读部分例句，同学们能有一个更深入的理解。小试牛刀，找找看懂长难句的感觉吧！ 一．名词性从句 主语从句： It was once assumed [that improvements in telecommunications would lead to more dispersal in the population]. （剑6） 宾语从句： This is not just because of the importance of English-speaking countries such as the USA in scientific research; the scientists of many non-English-speaking countries find [that they need to write their research papers in English to reach a wide international audience].（剑5） 表语从句： One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is [that better-educated people are likely to live longer]. （剑6） 同位语从句： There is a widespread belief [that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out (where cars are the only viable transport)]. （剑6） 主语从句+同位语从句： But [that their minds are not different from our own] is demonstrated by the fact [that the hard-won discoveries of scientists like Kepler or Einstein become common place knowledge of school children] and [the once outrageous shapes and colors of an artist like Paul Klee so soon appear on the fabrics we wear.] （剑8） *第一个that 引导主语从句。第二个that 引导了同位语从句，其中包含由and 连接的两部分组成，说明the fact 的内容。另外，句末是一个省略了关系代词that 或which 的关系从句，也叫定语从句。 注：本文中一律称之为关系从句。 二．关系从句 1. Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the height of genius. （剑5） 2. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical. （剑5） 3. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run. （剑6） 4. In the Glass and Singer study, in which subjects were exposed to bursts of noise as they work on a task, some subjects heard loud bursts and other heard soft bursts. （剑7） *此句其实是一个由and 连接的并列句some subjects heard loud bursts and other heard soft bursts. 介词短语In the Glass and Singer study 作状语。In which 引导关系从句修饰先行词the Glass and Signer study. 三．状语从句
雅思阅读长难句
英语的基本句式结构其实很简单：主谓宾和主系表。主谓宾是“谁-做-什么”，例如：比如“羊吃草”;“洁白可爱的小绵羊蹦蹦跳跳欢快活泼地在一望无垠的广阔草原上幸福愉快地吃着鲜嫩碧绿的青草”一样也是主谓宾，只不过多了一些修饰的词，句子的核心意思还是“羊吃草”。主系表是“谁-是-什么”，同主谓宾一样。在阅读中我们要很快的找出核心句子，不用每句话的意思都懂，但要知道这句话要表达的核心意思，即找到主谓宾或主系表的主体。 并列平行结构 在一个较长的句子中，并列平行的部分可能是几个独立的句子，也可能是几个并列的短语成分或者从句。如果并列平行的部分是几个独立的句子，也叫“并列句“。所以说，“并列平行结构”是一个更广泛的概念。本篇主要讲解并列平行的部分是几个并列的短语成分或者从句的这种情况。 中文：进一步展望未来，通过这个新时代所产生的巨大财富和新技术的结合.人类可望在太空建立一个浩大的可供千万人居住的世界。 英文：Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power. 结构分析：Combination of中的of有两个宾语:一是the great wealth，受定语从句this new age will bring的修饰，另一个是the technology,受定语从句it will provide的修饰:主句中的home to thousands or millions of people为world的同位语。
雅思阅读长难句4
雅思阅读长难句4 1. whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 2. how well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 3. there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 4. furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 5. what could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body Rhythms.
解析雅思阅读之分析长难句答案
1. An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out. 2. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting. 3. Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure. 4. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields. 5. One form of pollution –the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming –does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. 6. Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority. 7. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways. 8. Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality. 9. Yet a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the control in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.
实力干货 雅思阅读长难句翻译练习
实力干货 | 雅思阅读长难句翻译练习 1、As my own studies have advanced，I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem，at first glance，to constitute such an immense gulf between them. 随着我的研究不断深入，我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈来愈深刻，而对结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠，虽然这些结构上的差异初看上去似乎构成了二者间一条无法愈越的鸿沟。 2、Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels，bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. 《黑人小说》考察了极为广泛的一系列小说，在此过程中让我们注意到了某些引人入胜但却鲜为人知的作品，如詹姆斯。韦尔登。约翰逊(James Weldon Johnson)的《一个曾经是有色人的自传》(Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man)。 3、In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance，that is，in the late spring and in the summer， Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates，for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes，respectively，of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production. 在浮游动物数量激增的高峰期，亦即在春季后期以及夏季，哈尼记录了最大程度上的每日群落食草比率，对于营养物不充足的湖和沼泽湖而言，分别为每日浮游植物繁殖量的6.6%和114%.
雅思阅读长难句式4
46. Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority. 因此，在该解释中，对象将自己独特的人格以及个人和道德编码融入更大的制度结构之中，放弃了个性特点，比如忠诚、忘我和纪律，来服务于恶意的权威系统。 47. In purely scientific terms, Baekeland’s major contribution to the field is not so much the actual discovery of the material to which he gave his name, but rather the method by which a reaction between phenol and formaldehyde could be controlled, thus making possible its preparation on a commercial basis. 如果用纯粹的科学语言描述，贝克兰对该领域的主要贡献实际上并不是发现了由他命名的材料，而是发现了控制苯酚和甲醛之间化学反应的方法，因此使此配制品的商业化成为可能。 48. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors` marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material. 然而，最近它又经历了一次“复兴”，在收藏品市场再次出现了对最初的酚醛塑料制品的需求，而博物馆、研究协会和一些爱好者又重新开始欣赏这种新型材料的风格和原创性。49. But most modern humor theorists have settled on some version of Aristotle`s belief that jokes are based on a reaction to or resolution of incongruity, when the punchline is either a nonsense or, though appearing silly, has a clever second meaning. 但是，大多数现代幽默理论家承袭了亚里士多德的观点，认为笑话是当妙语是一句胡闹的话，或者看起来很愚笨却有另外一层聪明意思的时候，人们对不协调氛围的一种反应或解决。50. The orbital cortex, the region that becomes active in Goel`s experiment, seems the best candidate for the site that feeds such feelings into higher-level thought process, with its close connections to the brain`s sub-cortical arousal apparatus and centers of metabolic control. 在Goel的实验中变得活跃起来的与眼睛有关的皮层似乎是把这些情感传感送给更高层次的思维程序的最佳选择，因为它与大脑亚皮层的觉醒装置和控制新陈代谢的中枢都有非常密切的联系。 51. All warm-blooded animals make constant tiny adjustments in arousal in response to external events, but humans, who have developed a much more complicated internal life as a result of language, respond emotionally not only to their surroundings, but to their own thoughts. 所有暖血动物都会经常根据外界的变化对自己的觉醒度做出调整，但是人类由于拥有语言而发展出了一套更加复杂的内部活动机制，从而不但对他们的环境，也对他们自己的思想做出情绪反应。 52. When the Aswan dams were constructed in the 26th century to provide electricity and irrigation, and to protect the huge population center of Cairo and surrounding areas from annual flooding and drought, most of the sediment with its natural fertilizer accumulated up above the dam in the southern, upstream half of Lake Nasser, instead of passing down to the delta. 为了提供电力和灌溉，同时也为了使开罗这个人口稠密中心以及周边地区免受洪灾和干旱之苦，在20世纪建成阿斯旺大坝。当大坝建成之后，大量蕴含天然肥料的沉积物在位于纳塞尔人工湖南部的大坝里往上聚积，不再顺流而下，流至三角洲。 53. When hill-farmers, for example, can make more money in a few weeks working as porters for foreign trekkers than they can in a year working in their fields, it is not surprising that many of them give up their farm-work, which is thus left to other members of the family. 比如，山民为外国徒步旅行的人当几个星期的挑夫，赚的钱就比他在田地里干一年活赚的还