无损检测UT工艺规程

2012年6月1日起实施

无损检测（UT）工艺规程

Regulation Of Ultrasonic Testing

目录

List

1主题内容The subject content (2)

2适用范围Application scope (2)

3参考文件Reference documents (2)

4人员资格Personnel qualification (3)

5 设备要求Equipment requirements (3)

6 探头Probe (4)

7 试块Test block (4)

8设备仪器校验Instrument calibration of equipments (6)

9探头校准和耦合剂Probe calibration and coupling (6)

10距离-波幅曲线（DAC曲线）Distance Amplitude Curve (6)

11校验与复核Verifying and rechecking (8)

12 检测程序Testing procedures (9)

13 评定Assessing (17)

14 记录Records (19)

15 报告Report (19)

附录Appendix (19)

1主题内容The subject content

本工艺流程规定了本司船舶产品超声检测的一般要求、技术等级、工艺文件、检测实施和焊缝质量分级等。

This regulation provides the general requirements, technical levels, process documents, test implementation and welding quality classification of ultrasonic testing on our company.

2适用范围Application scope

本工艺流程适用于本司造船、修船及非船产品零部件母材厚度为（8～150）mm铁素体钢全熔焊透缝A型脉冲反射式手工接触的超声波检测；不适用于铸钢及奥氏体钢焊缝，外径<250mm和内外径之比<70%的纵向焊缝；外径小于200mm的筒体周向焊缝、各种尺寸曲面相贯焊缝。

This regulation is applicable to A type pulse reflection type of manual contact ultrasonic testing for 8～150mm thickness of ferrite steel complete fusion welding on our company’s shipbuilding, repairing and parts of no-marine products. No applicable to cast steel and austenitic steel welds, longitudinal weld of outer diameter less than 250mm and the inner and outer diameter ratio less than 70%, column ring weld of outside diameter less than 200mm; various size of bend surface joining welds.

3参考文件Reference documents

3.1 JB/T4730-2005 《压力容器无损检测》超声波检测部分；

3.1 JB/T4730-2005 The ultrasonic detection part of "nondestructive testing of pressure vessels".

3.2中国船级社无损检测超声检测教材

3.2 The ultrasonic textbook compiled by CCS.

3.3 JB4126《超声检测用钢质试块的制造和控制》

3.3 JB4126 "The manufacture and control of steel test piece for ultrasonic testing".

3.4 ZBJ04001《A型脉冲反射式超声波探伤系统工作性能测试方法》

3.4 ZBJ04001 "The performance test methods of A type pulse reflection ultrasonic flaw detection system".

3.5 ZBY230《A型脉冲反射式超声波探伤仪通用技术条件》

3.5 ZBY230 "General technical conditions of A type pulse reflection ultrasonic testing instrument".

3.6 ZBY232《超声波探伤用1号标准试块技术条件》

3.6 ZBY232 "Technical conditions of 1 type standard test piece for ultrasonic testing".

3.7 ZBY231《超声波探伤用探头性能测试方法》

3.7 ZBY231 "The performance test methods of probe for ultrasonic inspection".

3.8 CB/T3959-2011《船舶钢焊缝超声波检测工艺和质量分级》

3.8 CB/T3959-2011 "Technology and quality classification of ultrasonic testing in ship steel weld".

3.9 DNV入级指导No.7中超声检测部分

3.9 The ultrasonic detection part of joining DNV direction No.7.

3.10 CTS-4020数字式超声波探伤仪使用说明书

3.10 The direction of CTS-4020 digital ultrasonic testing instrument.

4人员资格Personnel qualification

4.1从事无损检测的人员必须经过专业技术培训，并按照中国船级社《无损检测人员资格鉴定与认证规范》进行资格考核，取得资格证书后只能从事与其证书所注明的方法与级别相适应的无损检测工作；

4.1 The NDT personnel must through professional technical training and qualification examination according to the CCS "nondestructive testing personnel qualification and certification standard”, and only can deal with the nondestructive testing work adapt to the method and level indicated in qualification certificate.

4.2Ⅰ级人员可在Ⅱ、Ⅲ级人员指导下进行无损检测操作，记录检测数据，整理检测资料；

4.2 Ⅰlevel personnel can nondestructive testing operation, record test data, establish inspection documents under guidance of Ⅱ, Ⅲ level personnel.

4.3Ⅱ级人员可编制一般的无损检测程序，按照无损检测工艺规程或在Ⅲ级人员指导下编写工艺卡，并按无损检测工艺独立进行检测操作，评定检测结果，签发检测报告；

4.3 Ⅱ level personnel can compile the ordinary testing procedures of the nondestructive testing, according to nondestructive testing procedure or under the guidance of Ⅲlevel personnel to write the process card, and independent test according to nondestructive testing regulation, assess the test results, and issue the test report.

4.4Ⅲ级人员可根据标准编制无损检测工艺，审核或签发检测报告，协调Ⅱ级人员对检测结论的技术争议。

4.4. Ⅲlevel personnel can compile the nondestructive testing procedures according to standard, review or issue inspection report, harmonize the test results dispute from Ⅱ level personnel.

5 设备要求Equipment requirements

5.1现使用的仪器见表1

5.1 Now using equipments see table 1.

5.2 仪器的工作频率范围一般为0.5~10MHz。

5.2 The operating frequency range of instrument general is 0.5~10MHz.

5.3仪器和探头的组合灵敏度：在达到所检工件最大声程时，其灵敏度余量应不小于10dB，且电噪声电平不大于垂直满刻度的20%。

5.3 Combination sensitivity of instrument and probe: Reaching the maximum beam path of work piece, the surplus sensitivity shall be not less than 10dB, and electrical noise level is not greater than 20% of vertical full scale.

5.4衰减器精度：总增益量不小于80db，最小步进每档不大于2db；任意相邻12dB误差在±1dB以内，最大累计误差不超过1dB。

5.4 Attenuator accuracy: the total plus amount is not less than 80dB, the smallest step is not more than 2dB; any adjacent 12dB error is less than ± 1dB, maximum accumulated error is not more than 1dB.

5.5水平线性：水平线性误差不大于1%。

5.5 Horizontal linearity: horizontal linearity is not more than 1%.

5.6垂直线性：在荧光屏满刻度的80%范围内呈线性显示；垂直线性误差不大于5%。

5.6 Vertical linearity: linear displayed in 80% of full screen; vertical linearity is not more than 5%.

表1：Table 1

6 探头Probe

6.1晶片有效面积除另有规定外一般不应超过500mm2，且任意一边长不大于25mm。

6.1 Wafer area unless otherwise specified general should not exceed 500mm2, and any side length is not more than 25mm.

6.2单斜探头声束轴线水平偏离角不应大于2°，主声束垂直主方向不应有明显的双峰。

6.2. The beam axis horizontal deviation angle of single oblique probe should not exceed 2°, the main perpendicular direction of main beam should not have obvious double wave crests.

6.3直探头的远场分辨力应大于或等于26dB，斜探头的远场分辨力应大于或等于6dB。

6.3 The far field differentiation ability of straight probe should no less than 26dB, oblique probe should no less than 6dB.

6.4仪器和探头的系统性能应按JB/T9214的规定进行测试。

6.4 The system performance of instrument and detector shall be tested according to the provisions of JB/T9214.

7 试块Test block

7.1试块应采用与被检工件相同或近似声学性能的材料制成，该材料用直探头检测时，不得有大于Φ2mm平底孔当量直径的缺陷。

7.1 Test block shall be made by the material with same or similar acoustic capability to the inspected work piece, when this material tested with straight probe, there shall not have defects that equivalent diameter of flat-bottomed hole larger than Φ2mm.

7.2试块的制造要求应符合ZBY232和JB4126的规定。

7.2 The production requirements of test block shall be in accordance with the rules of ZBY232 and JB4126.

7.3现场检测时，也可采用其它型式的等效试块

7.3 At field detection, can also use other types of equivalent test blocks.

7.4采用的标准试块为IIW或CSK－ⅠA.其中CSK－ⅠA标准试块其形状和尺寸如图1。

7.4 The standard test block is IIW or CSK-ⅠA. The shape and size of CSK-ⅠA standard test block is shown in figure 1.

图1 CSK-IA 试块 Figure 1 Test block of CSK-IA

7.5对比试块分别为CTRB-1，CTRB-2，CTRB-3三种形式，其中CTRB －2型的形状、尺寸如图2所示

7.5 The contrast test blocks are three types of CTRB-1, CTRB-2, CTRB-3. The shape and size of CTRB-2 is shown in Figure 2

7.6检测曲面工件时，如检测面曲率半径R 小于等于W 2/4（W 为探头接触面宽度，环缝检测时为探头宽度，纵缝检测时为探头长度）时，应采用与检测面曲率相同的对比试块。一个对比试块可检其直径0.9～1.5倍的工件。

7.6 When inspecting curved surface work piece, if the curvature radius R of detection surface is not more than W2/4 (W is probe contact surface width, as probe width in ring seam testing, probe length in longitudinal seam testing), should using the contrast test block with the same curvature radius. A contrast test block can check the work pieces with 0.9~1.5 times diameter

.

图2 CTRB －2试块 Figure 2 CTRB －2

8设备仪器校验Instrument calibration of equipments

在仪器开始使用时，应对仪器的水平线性进行测定，测定方法按ZBY230的规定进行。在使用过程中，仪器维修后及每隔三个月至少应对仪器的水平线和垂直线性进行一次校准。

According to the provisions of ZBY230, the horizontal linearity should be mensurated before using the equipment. During using time, after repaired or every three months should calibrate the horizontal and vertical linearity for one time at least.

9探头校准和耦合剂Probe calibration and coupling

在探头开始使用时，应对探头进行一次全面的性能校准。测定方法应按ZBY231的有关规定进行。

Before using the probe, should have a comprehensive performance calibration. The calibration method should be according to the relevant provisions of ZBY231.

9.1斜探头校准Calibration of oblique probe

使用前，斜探头至少应进行前沿距离、K值、主声束偏离、灵敏度余量和分辨力等的校准。使用过程中，每个工作日应校准前沿距离、K值和主声束偏离。

Before use, oblique probe should be calibrated at least for forward distance, K value, main beam deviation, surplus sensitivity and differentiation ability. At the using time, each work day should be calibrated forward distance, K value and main beam deviation.

9.2直探头校准Calibration of straight probe

直探头的灵敏度余量和分辨力应每隔一个月检查一次。

The surplus sensitivity and differentiation ability of straight probe should be inspected one time for every month.

9.3耦合剂应具有良好的透声性能和适当的粘度，并对被检工件和人体无害，检测后容易清洗。甘油、75%以上甘油溶液、水、机油、浆糊或相似声阻抗的液体均可作为耦合剂。

9.3 The coupling should have good sound transmission performance and proper viscosity, and harmless to the inspected work piece and human body, easy cleaning after detection. Glycerol, more than 75% glycerol solution, water, oil, paste or similar acoustic impedance of the liquid can be used as coupling agent.

10距离-波幅曲线（DAC曲线）Distance Amplitude Curve

10.1距离一波幅曲线的绘制

10.1 Distance amplitude curve drawing

10.2距离一波幅曲线按所用探头和仪器在试块上实测的数据绘制而成，曲线的制作方法见超声波探伤仪使用说明书。该曲线族由评定线、定量线和判废线组成，评定线与定量线之间（包括评定线）为Ⅰ区，定量线与判废线之间（包括定量线）为Ⅱ区，判废线及其以上区为Ⅲ区。如图4所示。

10.2 DAC drawing according to the data of the probe and instrument testing in the test block. The methods of DAC drawing is shown in the using instructor of ultrasonic flaw detector. The family of curves make up of evaluating line, quantitative line and sentenced waste line, the area between quantitative and evaluation lines (including evaluating line) call for Ⅰ region, between quantitative and sentenced waste line (including quantitative line) call for II region, sentenced waste line and above call for Ⅲ region. As shown in figure 4.

10.3距离一波幅曲线的灵敏度选择

10.3 The selection of DAC sensitivity.

10.3.1根据被检焊缝母材厚度不同，其距离一波幅曲线灵敏度按表2的规定。

10.3.1 According to the different parent metal thickness of detected welds, the DAC sensitivity is shown in table 2.

10.3.2直探头的距离一波幅曲线灵敏度按表3的规定。距离一波幅曲线的制作可在CS2试块上进行。

10.3.2 The DAC sensitivity of straight probe is shown in table 3.Distance amplitude curve can be made on CS2 test block.

10.3.3检测横向缺陷时，应将各线灵敏度均提高6dB。

10.3.3 For the detection of transverse defects, each line’s sensitivity should enhanced 6dB.

10.3.4检测面曲率半径R小于或等于W2/4时，距离一波幅曲线的绘制应在曲面对比试块上进行。

10.3.4 When the curvature radius R of detection surface is not more than W2/4, distance

amplitude curve should be made on the contrast test block of curly surface.

图4 距离—波幅曲线Figure 4 the distance amplitude curve

10.3.5工件的表面耦合损失的材质衰减应与试块相同。

10.3.5 The loss of material attenuation on work piece surface coupling should be same to test blocks.

10.3.6扫查灵敏度不低于最大声程处的评定线灵敏度。

10.3.6 The scanning sensitivity is not less than evaluation line sensitivity at the maximum sound distance.

表2距离一波幅曲线的灵敏度Table 2 the DAC sensitivity 板厚mm 评定线测长线判废线

≤50

＞50～100 ＞100 φ3－16dB

φ3－12dB

φ3－8dB

φ3－10dB

φ3－6dB

φ3－2

φ3

φ3+2dB

φ3+2dB

表3T型焊接接头直探头距离一波幅曲线的灵敏度

Table 3 The DAC sensitivity of straight probe on T welded joint

11校验与复核Verifying and rechecking

11.1每次检测开始前，应对仪器的水平线性和检测灵敏度进行校验。

11.1 Before testing, the horizontal linearity and detection sensitivity of instrument should be verified.

11.2在检测过程中，出现下列请况时，应对检测系统进行校验：

11.2 In the process of testing, when the following situations appear, the detection system

should be verified.

①校准后的探头、耦合剂和仪器调节旋钮发生改变时；

①When the verified probe, coupling matter and adjusting knob of apparatus have

change;

②检测人员怀疑水平线性或者扫查灵敏度有变化时；

②When the inspection personnel suspected of horizontal linear or scanning sensitivity have change;

③检测系统连续工作4h以上时；

③ When the detection system continuously operating above 4H;

11.3检测结束前，应对检测系统复核。

11.3 Before the ending of detection, the detection system should be rechecked.

11.3.1时基线的复核Rechecking of time baseline

每次检测结束前，应对时基线进行复核。如果时基线上任意一点的偏移超过时基线的10%，则应重新调节时基线，并对上一次复核以来所有的检测部位进行重新检测。

Before ending of each inspection, the time baseline should be rechecked. If the offset of any point on the time baseline more than 10% of the baseline, the time baseline should be readjusted, and all the detected position during the last time of rechecking should be afresh inspected.

11.3.2检测灵敏度（DAC曲线）的复核Rechecking of inspection sensitivity (DAC)

每次检测结束前，应对检测灵敏度（DAC曲线）进行复核。对DAC曲线）的复核不少于3点。如曲线上任何一点幅度下降2dB或2dB以上，则应对上一次复核以来所有的检测部位进行重新检测；如幅度上升2dB或2dB以上，则应对所有的检测记录进行重新评定。

Before ending of each inspection, the inspection sensitivity (DAC) should be rechecked. The rechecking of DAC not less than 3 points. If the amplitude of any point on the curve drop 2dB or 2dB above, all the detected position during the last time of rechecking should be afresh inspected; If the amplitude ascend 2dB or 2dB above, all the detected records should be afresh assessed.

11.4 在对检测系统进行校准、复核和线性测定时，任何影响仪器线性的控制器（如抑制或滤波开关等）应处于关闭状态或最低水平位置。

11.4 During the time of verifying, rechecking and linearity mensuration of the detecting system, any controller that influences the linearity of the instrument (e.g. inhibition or filter switch etc.) should be closed or at the minimum level position.

12 检测程序Testing procedures

12.1检测前的准备Preparation of test

12.1.1检测时机Detection time

一般材料焊缝冷却至室温后方可进行检测；有产生延迟裂纹倾向的材料，应在焊接完成至少24h后进行检测；有热处理要求的工件，应在热处理完成后检查。超声检测前，焊缝表面及热影响区应经外观检验合格。

When the general material weld cooling to room temperature can be detected; material have trend of delayed cracks, should be tested at least 24h after completed welding; the work piece have heat treatment requirements, should be tested after the heat treatment. Before ultrasonic testing, surface of weld and heat affected zone shall be checked out by visual inspection.

12.1.2检测面Inspection surface

⑴检测区域的宽度包括焊缝本身，再加上焊缝两侧各相当于母材厚度30%的一段区域，这个区域最小为5mm，最大为10mm。

⑴ The detection region include the width of weld and plus 30% of base material thickness on both sides of the weld, the minimum is 5mm, the maximum is 10mm.

⑵检测表面应平整光滑，焊接飞溅、铁屑、油垢、锈、马脚应清除干净，便于探头的自由扫查，其表面粗糙度Ra不应大于6.3μm，一般应进行打磨。

⑵ The detection of surface should be smooth, welding spatter, scrap iron, oil, rust, the weld feet should be cleaned, convenient for free scanning of probe, the surface roughness Ra should not larger than 6.3 μm, generally should be polished.

①采用一次反射法检测时，探头移动区应不小于1.25P，P＝2TK；

式中：P―跨距，mm；

T―母材厚度，mm；

K―探头K值；

① Using a reflex testing, the probe movement area shall be not less than 1.25P, P=2TK; In type: P-span, mm;

T-base material thickness, mm;

K-K value of probe;

②采用直射法检测时，探头移动区应不小于0.75P。

② Using straight transmit testing, the probe movement area shall be not less than 0.75P.

⑶去除余高的焊缝，应将余高打磨到与母材平齐；保留余高的焊缝，如果焊缝表面有咬边，较大的隆起和凹陷等也应进行适当的修磨，并作圆滑过渡，以免影响检验结果的评定。

⑶ The removal of residual high weld, the residual high should burnished to equal to base material; The preserving residual high weld, if the weld surface having undercut, large apophysis and hollow should also be appropriate burnished, and made a smooth transition, so as not to affect the assessment results.

12.1.3根据工件的检验要求，选用仪器、探头和试块。

12.1.3 According to the work piece’s inspection requirements, selection of instrument, probe and test piece.

12.1.4仪器、探头的测试校验。

12.1.4 Test verifying of instrument and probe.

12.1.5距离-波幅曲线的制作。

12.1.5 Execution of distance amplitude curve.

12.2耦合剂Coupling matter

采用机油、浆糊、甘油、浆糊和水等透声性好，且不损伤检测表面的耦合剂。

Using the coupling matter with good sound penetration and harmless to the surface as oil, glycerin, paste, paste and water etc.

12.3探测频率和探头K值的选择

12.3 Selection of detection frequency and probe K value

12.3．1探测频率的选择按表4进行选择

12.3.1 Selection of detection frequency is according to table 4.

表4 探测频率的选择Table 4 Selection of detection frequency

探头K值的选择应能使主声束覆盖整个焊缝检测区, 条件允许时，应尽量采用较大K值探头。

The probe K value should be selected to make the main beam of sound to cover the whole weld inspection area, when conditions permit, should as far as possible using larger K probe.

条件允许时，T接头焊缝检测应分别使用直探头和斜探头扫查。

When conditions permit, straight and oblique probe should be used separately in T joint weld inspection.

⑴平板对接焊缝斜探头K值的选择按表5进行选择；

⑴ The selection of K value of oblique probe in plate butt weld inspection is shown in table

5.

⑵ T接头焊缝斜探头K值的选择按表6进行选择。

⑵The selection of K value of oblique probe in T joint weld inspection is shown in table 6.

12.4检测覆盖率Coverage rate of detection

检测时，探头的每次扫查覆盖率应大于探头直径的10%。

Each scanning coverage rate should be more than 10% of the diameter of probe in inspection.

12.5探头的移动速度Probe’s moving speed

探头的扫查速度不应超过150mm/s。当采用自动报警装置扫查时，不受此限。

The probe’s scanning speed should not exceed 150mm/s.When use automatic alarm device to scan, is not subject to this restriction.

12.6扫查灵敏度Scanning sensitivity

扫查灵敏度至少比基准灵敏度高6dB。

Scanning sensitivity is 6dB higher than the baseline sensitivity at least.

12.7母材的检验Base material inspection

斜探头扫查声束通过的母材区域，应先用直探头检测，以便检测是否有影响斜探头检测结果的分层或其它种类缺陷存在。母村检测的规程要点如下：

The base material area that oblique probe’s scanning acoustic beam pass through, should be inspected by straight probe, in order to detect whether there have stratification or other types of defects that influence the oblique probe test results. The standards gists of base

material inspection are shown as follows:

表5平板对接焊缝斜探头K值的选择

Table 5 The selection of K value of oblique probe in plate butt weld inspection.

表6 T接头焊缝斜探头K值的选择

12.7.1检测板厚不大于20mm的母材，采用5MHz的双晶直探头；检测板厚大于20mm的母材，采用2-5MHz的单晶直探头。探头晶片直径为10mm-20mm。

12.7.1 Dual-crystal straight probe of 5MHz is used to inspect base material that thickness is less than 20mm; single crystal straight probe of 2-5MHz is used to inspect base material that thickness is more than 20mm. The probe wafer diameter is 10mm-20mm.

12.7.2调节时基线，至少显示两次底波。

12.7.2 Adjust time baseline to show two bottom waves at least.

12.7.3双晶直探头调节检测灵敏度，将无缺陷的一次底波调到满屏刻度的50%，再提高10dB 作为检测灵敏度。

12.7.3 Adjust the primary bottom wave of no defects to 50% of full screen graduation, then improve 10dB as the detection sensitivity of dual-crystal straight probe.

12.7.4单晶直探头调节灵敏度，将无缺陷处的二次底波调到满屏刻度的100%。

12.7.4 Adjust the secondary bottom wave of no defects to 100% of full screen graduation as the detection sensitivity of single crystal straight probe.

12.7.5凡缺陷信号幅度超过荧光屏满刻度20%的部位或底波消失的区域，应在工件表面作出标记，并予以记录。

12.7.5 The area that amplitude of defect signal over 20% of full screen graduation or bottom wave disappearance, should be marked on the surface of the work piece, and recorded.

12.8检测方法Detection methods

12.8.1平板对接焊缝的检测Inspection of plate butt weld

⑴为检测纵向缺陷，原则上采用一种K值探头或两种K值探头在焊缝的单面双侧进行检测。母材厚度大于100mm，采用双面双例检测，如受几何条件限制，也可在焊缝双面单侧采用两种K值探头进行检测。斜探头应垂直于焊缝中心线放置在检测面上，作锯齿形扫查，见图5。探测前后移动的范围应保证扫查到全部焊缝截面。在保持探头垂直焊缝作前后移动的同时，还应作10°～15°的左右转动。

⑴ The detection of longitudinal defect, in principle using a K probe or two K probes to inspect on the single face-double side of weld. Base material thickness is larger than 100mm, using double faces-double sides detection, such as affected by geometric constraints, can also using two K probe to inspect on the double faces-single side of weld. Oblique probe should be perpendicular to the centerline of the weld placed on detection surface, as zigzag scan, see figure 5.Detection area of moving back and forth shall ensure to scan the whole weld section .In maintaining the probe vertical seam to move forth and back, at the same time should also turn around for 10°~15°.

图5 锯齿型扫查Fig 5 zigzag scan

⑵为检测焊缝及热影响区的横向缺陷应进行平行和斜平行扫查。检测时，可在焊缝两侧边缘使探头与焊缝中心成10～20°作斜平行扫查。见图6。焊缝母材超过100mm时，应在焊缝的两面作平行扫查或采用两种K值探头（K1和K1.5或K1和K2并用）作单面两个方向的平行扫查。

⑵The detection of the transverse defects in weld and heat affected zone should use parallel and inclined parallel scan. In detection, the probe made parallel scan in 10~20°to the weld center on both edge sides of weld seam. See figure 6.When base material thinness is more than 100mm, the probe made parallel scan on double faces, or using two K probe (K1 and K1.5 or K1 and K2 were used as single) to make parallel scan in two directions on single face.

图6 斜平行、平行扫查Figure 6 Parallel and inclined parallel scan

⑶为确定缺陷的位置、方向和形状，观察缺陷支柱波形和区分缺陷信号或伪缺陷信号，可采用前后、左右、转角、环绕等四种探头基本扫查方式，见图7

⑶ For determining the defect location, direction and shape, the observed defects pillar waveform and distinguished flaw signal or false defect signal, can use four kinds of basic scanning methods as forward and back, left and right, corner, around, see Figure 7

图7 四种基本扫查方法Figure 7 four basic scanning methods

12.8.2 曲面工件对接焊缝的检测Detection of bend surface butt weld

⑴检测面为曲面时，可尽是按平板对接焊缝的检测方法进行检测。对于受几何形状限制，无法检测的部位应予以记录。

⑴The detection of curved surface, can use the detection method of plate butt weld. The detection surface is in geometry constraint, position that can not be detected should be recorded.

⑵纵缝检测时，对比试块的曲率半径与检测面曲率半径之差小于10%。

⑵ In the longitudinal seam detection, the curvature radius difference between contrast test block and detection surface is less than 10%.

①根据工件的曲率和材料厚度选择探头K值，并考虑几何临界角的限制，确保声束能扫查

到整个焊缝。

①According to the curvature of the work piece and material thickness choice K value

probe, and considering the constraints of geometric critical angle, to ensure that sound beam can scan across the weld.

②探头接触面修磨后，应注意探头入射点和K值的变化，并用曲线试块作实际测定。

②The contact surface of probe after grinding, should take attention to the change of incidence point and K value, and actual mensurate in curve test block.

③当检测面曲率半径R大于W2/4且采用平面对比试块调节仪器时，应注意到荧光屏指示的缺陷深度或水平距离与缺陷实际的径向埋藏深度或水平距离弧长的差异，必要时进行修正。

③ When the detecting surface’s curvature radius R is greater than W2/4 and adjusting apparatus with plane contrast test block, should take attention to the difference between the depth or horizontal distance of screen indicating defects and the radial imbed depth or arc length of horizontal distance of actual defects, necessary correction.

⑶环缝检测时，对比试块的曲率半径应为检测面曲率半径的0.9～1.5倍。

⑶ In the ring seam detection, the curvature radius of contrast test block shall be 0.9~1.5 times than the curvature radius of detection surface.

12.8.3 管座角焊缝的检测Inspection of pipe seat fillet weld

⑴一般原则The general principle

在选择检测面和探头时应考虑到各种类型缺陷的可能性，并使声束尽可能垂直于该焊缝结构中的主要缺陷。

In the choice of testing surface and probe should consider the possibility of various types of defect, and make the sound beam possible perpendicular to the main defects in the weld structure.

⑵检测方式The detection methods

根据焊缝结构形式，管座焊缝的检测有如下五种探测方式，可选择其中一种或几种方式组合实施检测。检测方式的选择应由合同双方商定，并考虑主要检测对象和几何条件的限制。（图8、图9）。

According to the weld structure form, pipe socket weld detection has the following five kinds of detection methods, can choose one or several combined to detect. The mode selection of test should be agreed by the two parties, and consider the main inspected object and geometric constraints. (Figure 8, figure 9).

图8 插入式管座角焊缝Figure 8 Pipe socket weld

图9 安放式管座角焊缝Figure 9 Pipe bestowing weld

①在接管内壁采用直探头检测，见图8位置1。

① In the inner wall of joint pipe adopts the straight probe detection, see Figure 8 position

1.

②在容器内壁采用直探头检测，见图9位置1。

② In the inner wall of the container using straight probe detection, see Figure 9 position 1.

③在接管外壁采用斜探头检测，见图9位置2。

③ In the outer wall of joint pipe adopts oblique probe detection, see Figure 9 position 2.

④在按管内壁采用斜探头检测，见图8位置3和图9位置3。

④ In the inner wall of joint pipe adopts oblique probe detection, see position 3 in figure 8 and Figure 9.

⑤在容器外壁采用斜探头检测，见图8位置2。

⑤ In the outer wall of the container adopts oblique probe detection, see Figure 8 position

2.

⑶管座角焊缝以直探头检测为主，探头频率、尺寸及扫查方法应按12.7条的规定执行。对直探头扫查不到的区域，可采用斜探头检测。

⑶ The pipe seat fillet welds inspected by straight probe primarily, the probe frequency, size and scanning methods should be according to the regulation of 12.7 article. The region that straight probe can not scan, can inspected by oblique probe.

12.8.4T型焊缝的检测T weld detection

⑴腹板厚度不同时，选用的折射角见表6，斜探头在腹板一侧作直射法和一次反射法探伤见图10位置2。

⑴ When the web thickness is distinctness, the selection of refraction angle shown in Table

6. Oblique probe testing on web side with the inspection method of straight eradiation and principal reflection is shown in figure 10 position 2.

图10 T型接头Figure 10 T joint

图11 T型接头Figure 11 T joint

⑵采用折射角45°（K1）探头在腹板一侧作直射法和一次反射法探测焊缝及腹板侧热影响区的裂纹（图11）

⑵ Using the angle of 45° (K1) probe with inspection methods of straight eradiation and principal reflection on the web side to detect crack in weld and heat affected zone of web side (Figure 11).

⑶为探测腹板和翼板间未焊透或翼板侧焊缝下层撕裂状缺陷，可采用直探头（图10位置1）或斜探头（图11位置3）在翼板外侧探伤或采用折射角45°（K1）探头在翼板内侧作一次反射法探伤（图10位置3）。

⑶ In order to detect the incomplete penetration defects between web and wing plate or avulsion defects in underlayer weld of wing plate, can use straight probe (FIG. 10 position 1) or oblique probe(Figure 11 position 3) on the wing plate lateral to inspect, or use the refraction angle of 45°(K1) probe on the wing plate inside to inspect with principal reflection testing (Fig 10 position 3).

12.8.5 角接焊缝的检测Corner weld detection

角接接头探伤面及折射角一般按图12和表6选择。

The choice of inspection surface and refraction angle of probe in corner joint detection is according to Figure 12 and table 6.

图12 角接接头Fig 12 Corner joint

13 评定Assessing

13.1 缺陷定量检测Quantitative detection of defects

13.1.1 灵敏度应调到定量线灵敏度。

13.1.1 The sensitivity should be transferred to the quantitative line sensitivity.

13.1.2对所有反射波幅超过定量线的缺陷，均应确定其位置、最大反射波幅和缺陷当量；缺陷定量应根据缺陷最大反射波幅确定缺陷当量直径Ф或缺陷指示长度ΔL。

13.1.2 All the defects that echo amplitude over the quantitative line, should be determined location, maximum echo amplitude and equivalent defect; quantitative defect should be based on the maximum echo amplitude determined equivalent diameter Φ or indicated length ΔL of defects.

⑴缺陷当量直径Ф，用当量平底孔直径表示，主要用于直探头检测，可采用公式计算，距离一幅曲线和试块对比来确定缺陷当量尺寸。

⑴The equivalent diameter Φ of defect, denoted of equivalent hole diameter, is mainly used in straight probe detection, can calculate with formula, or determine by DAC curve contrast to test block.

⑵缺陷指示长度ΔL的测定、：

⑵ The indicated length ΔL meterage of defects:

①缺陷回波位于Ⅰ区：

① Defect echo is in region Ⅰ:

当只有一个峰幅时，以峰幅降到评定线的绝对灵敏度法测其指示长度。

When there have only one peak amplitude, measured the indicating length by the absolute sensitivity method that dropping peak amplitude to evaluating line.

当有多个峰幅时，以端点峰幅降到评定线的绝对灵敏度法测其指示长度。

When there have many peak amplitudes, measured the indicating length by the absolute sensitivity method that dropping extremity peak amplitude to evaluating line.

②缺陷回波高于Ⅱ区：

② Defect echo is in region Ⅱ:

当只有一个峰幅时，以峰幅降低6dB的相对灵敏度法测其指示长度。

When there have only one peak amplitude, measured the indicating length by the relative sensitivity method that dropping low 6dB of peak amplitude.

当有多个峰幅时，以端点峰幅低6dB的相对灵敏度法测其指示长度。

When there have many peak amplitudes, measured the indicating length by the relative sensitivity method that dropping low 6dB of extremity peak amplitude.

13.2缺陷评定Defect evaluation

13.2.1超过评定线的信号应注意其是否具有裂纹等危害性缺陷特征，如有怀疑时，应采取改变探头K值、增加检测面、观察静、动态波型并结合结构形式和焊接工艺等要素作判断，如对波型不能判断时，应辅以其它检测方法作综合判定。

13.2.1 Defect signal over the evaluating line signal should be paid attention to whether it has character of harmfulness flaw like crack. In case of doubt, should change K value probe, increase detection surface, observe static and dynamic wave from and combined with structure and welding technics to judge. If the wave shape can not be judged, should be supplemented by other detection methods for comprehensive judgement.

13.2.2缺陷指示长度小于8mm时按4mm计。

13.2.2 When the indicated length of defect less than 8mm counted with 4mm.

13.2.3相临两缺陷在一直线上，其间距小于其中较小的缺陷长度时，应作为一条缺陷处理，以两缺陷长度之和作为其指示长度（间距不计入缺陷长度）。

13.2.3 When two near defects on a straight line, the span less than the smaller defect length, should be as one defect, the sum of two defect lengths as the instruction length (the span without defect length).

13.3 缺陷等级评定Defects classification

13.3.1不允许存在下列缺陷：

13.3.1 The following defects are not allowed:

⑴反射波幅位于判废线及Ⅲ区的缺陷；

⑴ Defects that its reflex amplitude in the sentence line and III area.

⑵检测人员判定为裂纹等危害性的缺陷；

⑵ Defects that judged to harmfulness flaw like crack by detection personnel.

13.3.2最大反射波幅位于Ⅰ区的非裂纹类缺陷，均评为Ⅰ级。

13.3.2 Non crack defect that its maximum reflection amplitude is in regionⅠ, rated as gradeⅠ.

13.3.3最大反射波幅位于Ⅱ区的缺陷，应根据其指示长度按表7的规定予以评级。

13.3.3 The defect that its maximum reflection amplitude is in region Ⅱ, should be rated according to the instruction length based on rules in Table 7.

表7Ⅱ区缺陷的等级评定Table 7 Evaluation of defect in the region Ⅱ

注：⑴板厚不等的焊缝，以薄板为准。

Note:⑴ When the thickness of base materials are difference, take the thinness.

⑵最小—指T小于某一厚度时的允许值；如Ⅰ级焊缝，当T≤24mm时，允许单个缺陷指示长度为8mm。

⑵ Minimum - Allowed values that T is less than a certain thickness; such as for grade I weld, when T≤24mm, allows a single defect indication length is 8mm.

⑶最大--指T大于某一厚度时的允许值；如Ⅰ级焊缝，当T≥24mm时，允许单个缺陷指示长度不得大于24mm。

⑶ Maximum - Allowed values that T is more than a certain thickness; such as for grade I weld, when T≥24mm, allows a single indicated defect length should not more than 24mm.

⑷当焊缝长度不足6T或150mm时（二者取较小）时，可按比例折算，折算后允许的累计长度小于单个缺陷的允许长度时，以单个缺陷的允许长度作为限值。

⑷ When weld length less than 6T or 150mm (take the smaller), can converted according to proportion, when the converted permit cumulative length less than the permit length of single defect, take the permit length of single defect limit value.

⑸两个缺陷在任意6T或150mm时（二者取较小）焊缝长度内都能取到一部分，则应将这两个缺陷全部指示长度计入总长评定。

⑸ When two defects in any 6T or 150mm (take the smaller) of weld length can be taken parts, all the instruction length of two defects should be included in the total length for evaluation.

13.3.4不合格的缺陷应予以返修。返修部位及热影响区仍按原检测工艺进行检测。

13.3.4 Unqualified defect should be repaired. Repair position and heat affected zone still be tested according to the original detection technology.

13.3.5抽检部位的一端或者两端出现超标缺陷时，应在其延伸方向追加检测，并不应少于原抽检量，若追加的检测部位仍发现超标缺陷，则应对整条焊缝进行检测。

13.3.5 When unqualified defect appear in sampling site at one end or two ends, should be additional tested in the extending direction, and should not less than the original sample amount, if additional testing site is still found unqualified defect, the entire weld should be checked.

14 记录 Records

14.1《超声检测申请单》

14.1 "ultrasonic testing application form"

14.2《超声波检测记录》

14.2 " ultrasonic testing record"

15 报告Report

15.1《超声波检测报告》

15.1 "ultrasonic testing report"

附录Appendix