网页制作外文翻译

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毕业论文外文资料翻译

学院：物理科学与电子技术学院

专业：物理学（光电技术）

姓名：陈金

学号：11223112

外文出处：

Website Design and Construction

附件：1、外文资料翻译译文；2、外文原文。

指导教师评语：

陈金同学查阅的英文文献与论文课题相近，符合论文外文资料翻译要求，工作态度端正，英文翻译较流畅，基本完成了翻译任务。

签名：

2015 年 4 月16 日

附件1：外文资料翻译译文

网页设计与制作

摘要

论文将对个人网页设计与制作的方法、工具等展开研究和探讨。在介绍网页设计与制作语言的基础上，着重使用JavaScript作为工具语言进行网页设计与制作的实际操作，分别对基于对象的JavaScript语言、内部对象系统的使用及WEB页面信息交互——窗口和框架进行详细描述，并利用具体的实例进行验证。

1.前言

随着21世纪的到来，人们更深切地感受到计算机在生活和工作中的作用越来越重要，越来越来的职业需要具有计算机的应用技能。掌握计算机是职业的需要，更是事业发展的需要。网页设计与制作是计算机能力的具体表现，本章主要介绍网页设计的相关知识。

1.1 网页设计概述

网站是企业向用户和网民提供信息(包括产品和服务)的一种方式,是企业开展电子商务的基础设施和信息平台，离开网站（或者只是利用第三方网站）去谈电子商务是不可能的。企业的网址被称为“网络商标”，也是企业无形资产的组成部分，而网站是INTERNET 上宣传和反映企业形象和文化的重要窗口。

1.2 网页设计的要素

网页设计的两大要素是：整体风格和色彩搭配。一、确定网站的整体风格

第二章 HTML网页设计技术的应用

2.1 HTML语言介绍

HTML（HyperText Mark-up Language）即超文本标记语言或超文本链接标示语言，是目前网络上应用最为广泛的语言，也是构成网页文档的主要语言。

HTML文本是由HTML命令组成的描述性文本，HTML命令可以说明文字、图形、动画、声音、表格、链接等。HTML的结构包括头部（Head）、主体（Body）两大部分，其中头部描述浏览器所需的信息，而主体则包含所要说明的具体内容。

2.1.1 HTML语言的特点

HTML文档制作不是很复杂，且功能强大，支持不同数据格式的文件镶入，这也是WWW盛行的原因之一，HTML语言的特点如下：

1、简易性，HTML版本升级采用超集方式，从而更加灵活方便。

2、可扩展性，HTML语言的广泛应用带来了加强功能，增加标识符等要求，HTML采取子类元素的方式，为系统扩展带来保证。

3、平台无关性。虽然PC机大行其道，但使用MAC等其他机器的大有人在，HTML可以使用在广泛的平台上，这也是WWW盛行的另一个原因。

2.1.2 HTML语言的编辑软件

HTML的本质是文本，需要浏览器的解释，HTML的编辑器大体可以分为三种： 1、基本编辑软件，使用WINDOWS自带的记事本或写字版都可以编写，当然，如果你用WPS来编写，也可以。不过存盘时请使用.htm或.html作为扩展名，这样浏览器就可以解释执行了。

2、半所见即所得软件，这种软件能大大提高开发效率，它可以使你在很短的时间内做出Homepage，且可以学习HTML，这种类型的软件主要有HOTDOG，还有国产的软件网页作坊。

3、所见即所得软件，使用最广泛的编辑器，完全可以一点不懂HTML的知识就可以做出网页。

第二章 HTML网页设计技术的应用

2.2.3 JavaScript技术在网页设计中应用

一、JavaScript概述

JavaScript是一种基于对象(Object)和事件驱动(Event Driven)并具有安全性能的脚本语言。使用它的目的是与HTML超文本标记语言、Java 脚本语言（Java小程序）一起实现在一个Web页面中链接多个对象，与Web客户交互作用。从而可以开发客户端的应用程序等。它是通过嵌入或调入在标准的HTML语言中实现的。它的出现弥补了HTML语言的缺陷，它是Java与HTML折衷的选择，具有以下几个基本特点：

1、是一种脚本编写语言

JavaScript是一种脚本语言，它采用小程序段的方式实现编程。像其它脚本语言一样,JavaScript同样已是一种解释性语言,它提供了一个易的开发过程。

它的基本结构形式与C、C++、VB、Delphi十分类似。但它不像这些语言一样，需要先编译，而是在程序运行过程中被逐行地解释。它与HTML标识结合在一起，从而方便用户的使用操作。

2、基于对象的语言。

JavaScript是一种基于对象的语言，同时以可以看作一种面向对象的。这意味着它能运用自己已经创建的对象。因此，许多功能可以来自于脚本环境中对象的方法与脚本的相互作用。

3、简单性

JavaScript的简单性主要体现在：首先它是一种基于Java基本语句和控制流之上的简单而紧凑的设计, 从而对于学习Java是一种非常好的过渡。其次它的变量类型是采用弱类型，并未使用严格的数据类型。

4、安全性

JavaScript是一种安全性语言，它不允许访问本地的硬盘，并不能将数据存入到服务器上，不允许对网络文档进行修改和删除，只能通过浏览器实现信息浏览或动态交互。从而有效地防止数据的丢失。

5、动态性的

JavaScript是动态的，它可以直接对用户或客户输入做出响应，无须经过Web服务程序。它对用户的反映响应，是采用以事件驱动的方式进行的。所谓事件驱动，就是指在主页(Home Page)中执行了某种操作所产生的动作，就称为“事件”(Event)。比如按下鼠标、移动窗口、选择菜单等都可以视为事件。当事件发生后，可能会引起相应的事件响应。6、跨平台性

JavaScript是依赖于浏览器本身，与操作环境无关，只要能运行浏览器的计算机，并支持JavaScript的浏览器就可正确执行。从而实现了“编写一次,走遍天下”的梦想。

实际上JavaScript最杰出之处在于可以用很小的程序做大量的事。无须有高性能的电脑，软件仅需一个字处理软件及一浏览器，无须WEB服务器通道，通过自己的电脑即可完成所有的事情。

总之，JavaScript 是一种新的描述语言，它可以被箝入到 HTML 的文件之中。 JavaScript语言可以做到回应使用者的需求事件 (如：form的输入) ，而不用任何的网路来回传输资料，所以当一位使用者输入一项资料时，它不用经过传给伺服端 (server)处理，再传回来的过程，而直接可以被客户端 (client) 的应用程式所处理。

第三章 WEB页面信息的交互——窗体与框架

要实现网页的动态交互，必须掌握有关窗体对象（Form）和框架对象（Frames）更为复杂的知识。

3.1窗体基础知识

窗体对象可以使设计人员能用窗体中不同的元素与客户机用户相交互，而用不着在之前首先进行数据输入，就可以实现动态改变Web文档的行为。

3.1.1窗体对象

窗体（Form）：它构成了Web页面的基本元素。通常一个Web页面有一个窗体或几个窗体，使用Forms[]数组来实现不同窗体的访问。

3.1.2 窗体对象的方法

窗体对象的方法只有一个--submit()方法，该方法主要功用就是实现窗体信息的提交。

3.1.3 窗体对象的属性

窗体对象中的属性主要包括以下：elements name action target encoding method。除Elements外，其它几个均反映了窗体中标识中相应属性的状态，这通常是单个窗体标识；而elements常常是多个窗体元素值的数组。

3.1.4 访问窗体对象

在JavaScript中访问窗体对象可由两种方法实现：（1）通过访问窗体

在窗体对象的属性中首先必须指定其窗体名，而后就可以通过下列标识访问窗体如：document.Mytable()。

（2）通过数组来访问窗体

除了使用窗体名来访问窗体外，还可以使用窗体对象数组来访问窗体对象。但需要注意一点，因窗体对象是由浏览器环境的提供的，而浏览器环境所提供的数组下标是由0到n。

3.1.5 引用窗体的先决条件

在JavaScript中要对窗体引用的条件是：必须先在页面中用标识创建窗体，并将定义窗体部分放在引用之前。

3.2 窗体中的基本元素

窗体中的基本元素由按钮、单选按钮、复选按钮、提交按钮、重置按钮、文本框等组成。在JavaScript中要访问这些基本元素，必须通过对应特定的窗体元素的数组下标或窗体元素名来实现。每一个元素主要是通过该元素的属性或方法来引用。

3.3框架

框架Frames最主要功用是"分割"视窗，使每个"小视窗"能显示不同的HTM L文件，不同框架之间可以互动(interact)，这就是说不同框架之间可以交换讯息与资料。例如:假设您开了两个frames，第一个frame可显示书的目录，第二个frame则显示章节的具体内容。

框架可以将屏幕分割成不同的区域，每个区域有自己的URL，通过Frames[]数组对象来实现不同框架的访问。实际上框架对象本身也一类窗口，它继承了窗口对象的所有特征，并拥有所有的属性和方法。利用框架的例子具体说明

3.4 框架的访问

在前面我们介绍过使用document.forms[]实现单一窗体中不同元素的访问。而要实现框架中多窗体的不同元素的访问，则必须使用window对象中的Frames属性。Frames属性同样也是一个数组，他在父框架集中为每一个子框架设有一项。

3.5 本章小结

本章主要介绍框架中的基本元素的主要功能和使用，利用JavaScript脚本可以非常方便、灵活地实现Web页面更为复杂的信息交互，这是HTML标识语言所不能具备的。从中可以了解到JavaScript是Web涉及人员的良好工具。

Web design and production

Summary

Papers will expand the personal web design and production methods, tools and other research and discussion. Based on the introduction of web design and production of language, the emphasis on using the JavaScript language as a tool for the actual operation of web design and production of, respectively, based on the object of the JavaScript language, the use of internal object system and WEB pages of information exchange - windows and frameworks Detailed description of the use of specific examples and verified.

1. Introduction

With the advent of the 21st century, people are more and more important to feel the life and work of the computer's role in the increasingly professional needs to have a computer application skills deeply. Is required to master the computer profession, but also career development needs. Web design and production is a concrete manifestation of the ability of a computer, this chapter introduces the relevant knowledge of web design.

1.1 Web Design Overview

Website is a way businesses and users to provide information (including products and services) to the user, is the enterprise e-commerce infrastructure and information platform, leave the site (or just use a third-party site) is not possible to talk about e-commerce . Corporate web site called "network brand", also part of intangible assets, and the site is an important window of publicity and reflect the corporate image and culture on the INTERNET.

Web Design Elements 1.2

Two elements of web design are: overall style and color matching. First, determine the overall style of the site

Application chapter HTML web design technology

2.1 HTML language description

HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language) ie, HTML, or Hypertext Markup Language, is currently the most widely used language network, but also constitute the primary language of the document pages.

HTML text is composed by HTML commands descriptive text, HTML commands can explain text, graphics, animation, sound, tables, links, and so on. HTML structure includes a head (Head), the specific content of the body (Body) into two parts, of which the head of the description of the browser you want, and the body contains the desired note.

Features 2.1.1 HTML language

HTML document production is not very complex and powerful, supporting different data file formats insert, which is one of the reasons for the prevalence of WWW, HTML language characteristics are as follows:

1, simplicity, HTML version upgrade using a superset of the way, which is more flexible and convenient.

2, scalability, widely used in HTML language brings to strengthen capabilities and increase identifiers and other requirements, HTML elements take the form of a subclass, bring assurance system expansion.

3, platform independence. While the PC is popular, but the use of MAC and other machines out there, HTML can be used on a wide range of platforms, and this is another reason for the prevalence of WWW.

2.1.2 HTML language editing software

HTML is the essence of the text, you need to explain your browser, HTML editor can be roughly divided into three types: 1, the basic editing software, using WINDOWS notepad or write version can be written, of course, if you use WPS to write, you can. However, please use .htm or .html as the extension, so the browser can interpret save when executed.

2, semi-WYSIWYG software, which can greatly improve development efficiency, it can

make you make a Homepage in a very short period of time, and you can learn HTML, this type of software has HOTDOG, as well as domestic Software web workshop.

3, WYSIWYG software, the most widely used editor, can understand a little HTML knowledge can make pages.

Application chapter HTML web design technology

2.2.3 JavaScript technology in web design

One, JavaScript Overview

JavaScript is an object-based (Object) and event-driven (Event Driven) and safety performance have scripting language. Its purpose is to use HTML and HTML, Java scripting language (Java applet) link together to achieve multiple objects in a Web page, the Web client interactions. Which can develop client applications. It is by embedding or transferred in standard HTML language implemented. It appears to make up for the shortcomings of HTML language, which is a compromise choice for Java and HTML, has the following basic characteristics:

1, is a scripting language

JavaScript is a scripting language, which uses a small way to block implementation of programming. Like other scripting languages, JavaScript is an interpreted language is also, it provides an easy development process.

Its basic structure with C, C ++, VB, Delphi is very similar. But it is not like these languages, you need to compile, but is interpreted line by line in the program is running. It is combined with HTML markup, so as to facilitate the user's operation.

2, object-based language.

JavaScript is an object-based language, but to be seen as an object-oriented. This means that it can use objects that they have created. Therefore, many functions can be derived from the interaction of methods and scripts scripting environment object.

3. Simplicity

Simplicity is mainly reflected in JavaScript: First, it is a Java basic statements and

control flow above the simple and compact design based on order for Java is a very good transition study. Secondly, it is the use of weakly typed variable type, did not use strict data types.

4, security

JavaScript is a safe language, it does not allow access to the local hard disk, data can not be stored on the server, the network is not allowed to modify and delete documents, can only be achieved through a dynamic interactive information browsing or browser. Thus effectively prevent the loss of data.

5, the dynamic nature of

JavaScript is dynamic, it can respond directly to the user or customer input, without going through the Web service program. It reflects the user's response, is the use of event-driven manner. The so-called event-driven, meaning the implementation of certain actions arising from the action on the home page (Home Page), and is called the "event" (Event). For example, pressing the mouse button, move the window, select the menu and so can be considered an event. When the event occurs, it may cause the appropriate incident response.

6, cross-platform

JavaScript is dependent on the browser itself, regardless of the operating environment, as long as the computer running the browser, and the browser supports JavaScript can be executed correctly. In order to achieve the "write once, everywhere" dream.

In fact the most prominent place JavaScript program that can be used to do a lot of little things. No need to have a high-performance computers, software is only a word processing software and a browser without WEB server channels through their computer to complete everything.

In short, JavaScript is a new description language, it can be among the clamp into the HTML file. JavaScript language can be done to respond to the needs of the user event (such as: form input) without any network transfer data back and forth, so that when a user enters a material, it does not pass through the servo end (server ) processing, and

transmits it back to the process, and can be directly handled by the client (client) apps.

Chapter III WEB page interaction information - Forms and Framework

To achieve a dynamic interactive web pages, you must master the form object (Form) and the frame object (Frames) more complex knowledge.

3.1 Form Basics

Form object allows designers can form different elements interact with client users, and do not need to carry out before the first data entry, you can dynamically change the behavior of Web documents.

3.1.1 Form object

Form (Form): It constitutes the basic element of a Web page. Usually a Web page has a form or several forms, using Forms [] array to achieve different forms of access. Methods 3.1.2 Form object

The method of the form object is only one --submit () method, which main function is to achieve a form of information submitted.

3.1.3 Form object properties

Form object properties include the following: elements name action target encoding method. In addition Elements addition, several other forms of state are reflected in the corresponding attribute identifier, which is usually a form of individual identification; and the array elements are often more than one form element values.

3.1.4 Access form object

Access form object in JavaScript by two methods: (1) the form by visiting

First, you must specify the name of the form in the property of a form object, and after you can access the form by following identifies as: document.Mytable ().

(2) to access the form by the array

In addition to using the form name to access the form, you can also use the form to access the form object array of objects. But note that, due to the form object is to provide a browser environment, and the array subscript browser environment provided

is from 0 to n.

3.1.5 references prerequisite form

Conditions in JavaScript want to form reference is: you must first create a form on the page to identify with, and forms part of the place before the reference definition.

3.2 The basic elements of the form

Form the basic elements of the buttons, radio buttons, check buttons, submit buttons, reset buttons, text boxes and other components.

In JavaScript you want to access these basic elements must be achieved through a specific form elements corresponding array subscript or form element names. Each element is referenced by major property or method of the element.

3.3 Framework

Frame Frames main function is to "split" the window, so that each "small window" can show different HTM L files, interaction between different frameworks (interact), which means you can exchange messages and data between different frameworks. For example: Suppose you opened two frames, the first frame of the book catalog can be displayed, and the second frame displays specific content sections.

Framework can be divided into different areas of the screen, each region has its own URL, through Frames [] array of objects to achieve access to different frameworks. Frame object itself is actually a class of window, it inherits all the characteristics of a window object, and has all the attributes and methods. Specific examples illustrate the use of the framework

Access Framework 3.4

In front of us had to use document.forms [] to access the different elements to achieve a single form. In order to achieve access to the different elements of the framework of multi-form, you must use the window object Frames property. Frames property is also an array, he focused on the parent frame for each sub-frame is provided with one.

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