中考英语阅读理解分类解读
中考英语阅读理解分类解读
——兼选编2０08年各地中考英语阅读理解试题
山东张贵福
文章来源：2０08年下半年度《试题与研究》
一、人物故事类
【命题趋势】
人物故事以记述人物生平故事为主。体裁一般是记叙文,包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。近年来，人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。
【应试对策】
人物故事类文章多为记叙文，为了支撑所要描述的人物,短语往往会出现大量细节，这些细节有时很直接,理解字面意思即可,有时则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。准确理解细节是做好这类题的关键。那么,怎样准确理解细节呢?
首先，从问题中找到关键词;然后以此为线索,运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节;找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别;最后,在正确理解细节的前提下,确定最佳答案。
【典型考题】
(１)
Whｅn wｅaskeｄｓtudents wｈat tｈeyｗant toｂe，tｈey ｏfｔｅｎta ｌｋaboｕｔunuｓuａl jobｓ,thｉngs like tｅachｅrs and doctors. Ｂｕｔｉf you tｈｉｎｋabｏut it,mａny peｏple don’t plaｎtｏdｏtｈｅir ｊobｓ. Ｔhey jｕsｔｓtaｒｔdoiｎg thｅm ｂy accident.We have talkeｄto twｏｐeople wiｔh unuｓuaｌjoｂs．
Emiｌy is a ｄentｉsｔbut shｅdoesn’ｔｗoｒk witｈｐeople. She workｓwith horsｅs.After universｉty ｓheｔooｋcａre ｏf aniｍａl’ｓhealth ｆor sevｅrａl years, buｔｓｈｅnoｔｉcｅｓthat ｔhere were few ｐeｏpleｗho coulｄｈｅlp horse s’ teeｔh. She deiｃiｄｅto go ｔo colｌege aｎd stｕdｙagain. Then sｈe ｈａd to ｂｕy specｉａl tｏｏls, buｔshe is neveｒout of worｋ. She’ｄalwａys verｙbｕsy tａking caｒe oｆhorｓes’teeth. “I couldn’t be a dｅntisｔfor ｐeopｌe noｗ,”Ｅmily said，“beｃauseＩreally eｎjｏy wｏｒｋingｗith horsｅs.”
Ａs soon ａs David ｃould read,he read books abouｔroboｔs，but tｈｅrｏboｔｓhｅbuild ｔodaｙdoｎ’t ｌｏok likｅｔｈｅsｔrange ｒobｏｔpeopｌe ｉnｈｉs bｏoｋｓ. He ｂuild ｒobots for induｓtｒy．Ｅａrly one hｅmａde up his ｍinｄto s ｔudｙmath，scｉencｅand coｍｐutｅｒs ｓo that he cｏｕld brｅａｋinto the woｒld ｏf roboｔengineerｉｎg. “Some of the ｍath is very difｆiｃult.”sａｙＤavｉd, “but youｍｕｓt stuｄy matｈto ｂe an enｇｉnｅer.”Foｒtunatelｙhe got tｏp ｍarks ｉn aｌｌｈｉs maｔh ｅxamｓ.
１. Emｉlｙdoｅsn’t wanｔｔo ｂｅ a deｎtｉｓｔbecause______＿_＿.
A.the paｙis low
B. shｅhas ｔｏｂｕy spｅcial toolｓ
C. she will bｅouｔｏｆｗorｋＤ．she ｌikeｓworkinｇwiｔh hoｒseｓ
２. Toｂecomｅ a robot eｎｇiｎeer,Dａｖｉd _____＿___.
A. need to wｏｒry
B. bougｈt a loｔof robots
C. ｈaｄｔo ｓtudy harｄＤ．dｉdｎ’t havｅｔo ｇｏto ｃｏllege
3. Dａvid got ｔｏp marｋｓin ａll hiｓmatｈｅxａms, ａlthouｇh ＿__＿＿＿_＿_.
A. math ｗａs not eａｓy to ｓtudy
B．ｈｅhas to study ｍath ｔo be ａn engｉｎｅer
Ｃ. ｈeｃoｕld break inｔo thｅworld of roｂoｔengｉnｅering
D. ｈe ｍａde ｕp ｈｉs ｍiｎｄtoｓｔudｙmaｔｈ, sｃiｅnce and cｏmｐuter ｓ
（200８年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷）
（２)
One daｙwhen Jaｃk ｗaｓwalｋinｇｉn thｅpａｒｋ, hｅsaw a ｗoman, wｈo lｉvｅd a few miles away, ｓｉtting on ａｂｅncｈwith a dｏg beｓide hｅr.The doｇｗａｓlookinｇup aｔthe wｏman.
Jacｋwalked ｕp tｏthｅｗｏman aｎd said,"Helｌｏ, Sｕe,hｏw are yｏu? MaｙI sit anｄtaｌｋwitｈｙou ｆoｒa while?" "Oｆcｏuｒse, pleａse siｔdown,"Sue saｉd．Ｊaｃｋsat down ｎｅxt to Sue oｎtｈe bencｈ，and they talked ｑuietｌy together．Ｔhe dog conｔinuｅd to look up at Sue, aｓｉf waitｉng to be fed．＂That's a niｃe ｄog, isn＇ｔｈe？" Ｊack saiｄ, ｐointｉng ａｔtｈe anｉmal.
"Yｅs, he is．He's handｓｏme. Hｅ's a bit of a mixture, ｂｕt ｔhat＇s ｎot ａbaｄｔhinｇ. Ｈｅ's ｓtｒong aｎd heaｌｔhy."
"Ａnd hｕngry，"Jａｃｋｓaｉｄ." He hasn't ｔａken ｈis eｙes off ｙｏu.He thinkｓyou'ｖe gｏｔｓｏme foｏd fｏr ｈim.＂
＂Tｈat's true, "Sue ｓａｉd．＂But Ｉｈaven't."
Ｔhey both ｌaugheｄand then Jack said，＂Ｄoes your dog bｉte？"
"Nｏ, "Suｅｓａid，"He'ｓnever bitｔｅｎａnｙone.He'ｓalways ｇentle and frieｎdlｙ."
Ｈeａｒiｎｇｔhis, Jacｋdｅｃideｄto holｄｏｕt ｈiｓhand aｎd toucheｄthe animａl＇ｓhead.Sｕｄdenｌy it juｍped upａｎd bit ｈim.
"Ｈey!" Jａｃｋshouted." Yoｕｓaid your dog dｉｄｎ'ｔbite.＂
Sue reｐlied ｉn surpｒise, "Yeaｈ，I ｄiｄ. Buｔtｈis is noｔmｙdog. Ｍy ｄog＇ｓaｔhomｅ．"
4.Thｅdoｇlookｅｄaｔtｈe womaｎbｅcａｕse _____＿_＿_.
A. the woman wanted to feed him
B．the wｏmanｗａｓfrｉendlｙ
C．ｈe ｗas sｔrong aｎd healthy
D. hｅｗaｓhuｎgry
5.Jack andＳｕｅwere ＿__＿__＿_＿.
A. frｉends
B. ｎext-doｏr nｅighbors
Ｃ. straｎgeｒs D．ｉn tｈｅsame ｆamｉly
6.Jaｃk touｃheｄthｅdoｇbecause heｂｅlieｖｅd___＿＿_＿__.
A.tｈｅdog was ｈandsｏmｅ
Ｂ. Sue'ｓdoｇwａs ｕnfriendly
C. theｄog belongｅｄto Suｅ
Ｄ. Sue's doｇwaｓaｔhome
７．Ｗe cａn ｉnfer foｒm the ｐassage tｈat ____＿___＿.
A．Suｅgaｖｅ a wｒong anｓwer
B. Jａck maｄe ａmistake
C. tｈe dog wasｎ't dangｅｒouｓ
D. both Jaｃk aｎd Sue ｌｉｋeｄｔhe doｇ
８. Which of the Following can be the best titlｅof thｅpａssage?
Ａ. ＡWｒong Qｕestion B．Sｕe's Doｇ
C．A pｌeａsａｎt Ｍeetｉng D．Ｓuｅ'ｓＦrieｎd
（２008年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试）
参考答案：1~5 DCA ＤA６~８CBA
二、社会文化类
【命题趋势】
语言是社会文化的重要载体。学习英语的目的之一就是“提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，增强对外国文化，特别是英语国家文化的了解”。因此，社会文化类试题出现在高考试卷中是必然的。社会文化类文章的命题有以下趋势:
1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点。如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。
2.一般一篇文章一个主题。以议论文、记叙文居多。
3．命题方面，既重主旨把握,又重特定细节,时有推断。
【应试对策】
对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程,在复习时要注意:
1.重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。
在复习过程加强对语言基础知识的掌握。对于普通中学毕业生来说,应具备2000－3５00的词汇量,并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。
2.扩展文化背景知识，认真研读历届高考题。
从近五年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系,阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此,要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。
同时,要认真研读近五年的高考篇目，增加语言经验,适应选材特点,熟悉题材和体裁。了解设问形式，感悟设问特点。
3．广泛涉猎,丰富消遣阅读。
【典型考题】
(１)
第一节：阅读短文，根据其内容，选择最佳选项完成下列各题。(1０分）
Beｉjiｎg Opera ｉｓalsｏcalled Peking Opera. Iｔcame inｔｏbeiｎg after 1790 ｗheｎｔhe famouｓｆour Ａnhｕi ｏpera tｒoｕpes(戏班) camｅto Ｂeijｉng. Its ｍusｉｃanｄｓinginｇ(唱腔)ｃomｅfｒｏm Xipi ａnd Eｒhuaｎgｉn Anhui aｎd Hubei.Ｉtｓcoｓtumes are all fasｃiｎaｔｉｎg and aｒtistｉc. Iｔis the highｅｓt expｒessｉｏｎof ｔhｅChineｓｅculｔuｒe．Ｉｔ’s full of fａmous sｔoｒies, ｂeautifｕｌfaｃiａl ｐaｉntings, ａnｄwondeｒfuｌgesｔures andｆighting.Ｔhiｓｋｉnｄof opeｒa ｉs ｖｅrｙｐopｕlar with Chinｅse peopｌe．
Therｅａrｅｆouｒmａin roleｓin Ｂeijiｎg Opeｒa: Shｅng, Ｄan, Jｉng andＣｈｏｕ. Sheng is the leadingｍale(男性)actｏr．Foｒeｘａmple, a Wuｓｈｅnｇｉs a solｄier or fighter.A Xiaｏsheng is a yｏung mａn. A Ｌaosｈeng is an ｏlｄmａn. Dan iｓｔhe femaｌe(女性) ｒole．Jｉｎｇ, ｍosｔly ｍale, is ｔhe ｆacｅ-ｐaiｎｔｅｄro ｌｅａnd Ｃhou is ｔhe cｏmeｄy ａctｏｒｏr clｏwn．
Stｏries in Beijing Opｅｒａａrｅｖery interesｔing. Somｅof them are froｍｔｈｅhisｔｏｒｙｂoｏk, ｂｕt ｍoｓt oｆｔhem aｒｅfｒom the ｌｉteraｔｕrｅ, esｐeｃｉ
aｌｌy famousｎoveｌｓ. The ｐeopｌe ｉn the sｔorｙｕsｕａlly haｖe ｓome disagreeｍents. Thｅy beｃomｅangry aｎd uｎhaｐpy.They ａre saｄａnd lonely. Sometｉmes they arｅnervoｕs and woｒriｅｄ. Ｔｈｅn tｈeｙfiｎd ａｗay to mａke peaｃe．Theｓtories uｓuaｌlｙend with ｈappineｓs ａnd ｌaｕghter andｐeopｌｅａreａｌｌhａppy in the ｅnd.
( )５６. Beiｊing Oｐeｒa’s sｉnｇiｎｇiｓfrｏm ___＿____＿.
A.Ａnhui and Ｈｕbei Ｂ. Beｉjing aｎｄAnhｕｉ
C. the hisｔorｙbookD．ｔhe liｔeｒaｔure and novels
( )57. Ｔhｅseconｄparagrａpｈ（段落）of the rｅading ｉsａｂｏｕt ｔhｅ＿____＿_＿_ of Beijing Opeｒａ.
Ａ．ｓｔｏriｅｓＢ. roｌes C．ｇestureｓD．paiｎtiｎｇs
( )58.Frｏｍtｈｅｒeaｄiｎｇ,we ｋnowｔhe role Chou most prｏbablｙhas a (n) ____＿_＿__ｆeaｔｕｒe．
Ａ. honestＢ. fｕnnyC. dull D.sｅrious
( ）５9. Whｉch of the ｆoｌlowiｎg iｓthe ｒｏle Shｅng?
Ａ. B. C. D.
( ) ６0. Wｈiｃh of the fｏｌlowinｇｓｔatementｓis TＲUE？
A. ＰekiｎｇOｐｅrａisｆuｌl ｏfｄifferenｔgesturｅs．
Ｂ. Ｔheｒe arｅonｌｙfouｒroles in Bｅｉjｉng Opｅra.
Ｃ. Beijing Oｐｅｒa is tｈe mosｔpｏpｕlａr ｉｎthe ｗorｌd.
Ｄ. The people in thｅsｔｏry uｓuaｌlｙarｅin agrｅement．第二节：阅读短文，根据其内容，选择最佳选项完成下列各题。(10分）
Ocｔober １6iｓWoｒｌd ＦooｄDaｙ. Ｔhis daｙis aｌsoｔhｅａnniverｓary（纪念日) ｏｆtｈe UnitｅｄＮatiｏｎs Fｏod anｄAgricuｌtuｒｅOrｇanizaｔioｎ（FAO)(联合国粮农组织).More ｔｈａｎ 10０cｏuntries ａre hｏlｄing sｐeciａｌｅventｓ. Aｌl of thｅse aim to celebrａｔe tｈe esｔabliｓｈment of the ＦAO ｉn 1945．Thｅtheｍe choｓen for ｔhｉs year’s World Food Dａｙis“Wａｔeｒ: Sourcｅ(资源)oｆFood Sｅcurｉtｙ”.
ＡUN reｐort sａysthat over ６mｉｌliｏｎpｅopｌeｈaｖe dｉed froｍｈunger ａnd relatedｄiｓeaseｓｓo ｆar thｉs yeaｒａlonｅ. Moｒe ｔhan850 ｍillion people,or about onｅｉｎｓeven, aroｕnｄthe ｗｏrld ｄｏｎot gｅｔenouｇh food，and ｔｈe need forｆood ｗilｌｉnｃrｅaｓe ａs thｅworld’s ｐｏpulaｔioｎgrowｓ. The UN alsｏreｐorts thatｂy yｅａｒ2030, the world ｍａy need60% more fｏod. Most ofｔhat iｎcrｅase wilｌhａve to cｏme from ａｇrｉｃulture su ｐporｔeｄbｙｗaｔeｒirriｇatｉon（灌溉）. Howｅｖeｒ, ｆｒesh water is alrｅad ｙiｎshｏrt suppｌy in maｎy couｎｔｒiｅs．
JａcquesＤiｏｕf, the diｒeｃｔor ｏf ｔhe ＦAO, saｙs ｔhat theｒe arｅ20co ｕnｔｒies ｔhａt do nｏｔｈave ｅｎｏｕｇh ｗater to prｏduce enouｇhｆood for ｔheｉr poｐｕlaｔｉons.Ten naｔions use morｅthaｎ40％ｏf tｈeｉr tｏtａｌｆrｅsｈwａteｒｆor ａgricuｌture．Hｅfeａrｓthat ｔhｅproblｅm will only becomｅworse ａs thｅｎｅed ｆor ｗａteｒby peｏple and byｉｎdusｔryｇrows. So water is oｎe of ｔｈe mｏｓt impｏrtaｎt tｈiｎgs ｉn the ｗｏｒld today．
（) 61. The unｄｅrlined(画线的）woｒd “esｔablishment” has the same ｍeaｎinｇas __＿______.
A．ｐｉckiｎg up B．ｍａkｉng up C.cutting uｐD. sｅtｔing up ( ）62. In ｔhe worｌｄ,ｍore thaｎ＿____＿___ people hａve died because of hungeｒthｉs year.
A. 6 million Ｂ.2million Ｃ. 8５0 millionD. １00 miｌlion
() 6３．Ｗhat Mr. Dioｕｆsａyｓshows tｈａt he most worrｉｅｓabout_＿_＿＿＿___.
A. ｔhe futｕre ｏf the FＡＯ
B. the sｈort of wateｒ
C．thｅｏvergrowｔh of ｐｏpulａtｉｏn D. ｔhe devｅlopment of the envir ｏnｍent
( ) 6４. Ｔhe readiｎg abｏｖe implｉｅs(暗示) tｈａt _________．
A．frｅｓｈwater for us is quite enoughB. thｅwｏｒlｄ’s poｐｕlａtiｏｎis
中考英语阅读理解专项讲解
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中考英语英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案) 一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷 1．阅读理解 Children love to play and laugh throughout their days at school or at home. Finding the time to laugh with your children may be the best thing you can do for the relationship. Encourage your children to develop a good humor by laughing at the jokes they make up on the spot. This will help them grow confident and build their self-esteem. If you do not get the joke, you can ask why they think the joke is funny. Honest feedback will help your children develop funnier jokes. You can take them to your local library and have them pick up a few joke books. Then you can head back home or out to the park and read it together for a good laugh. You can take turns reading jokes to each other from the book or make up a few yourselves. But if they make a joke at the expense of another person, you may want to discuss the difference between making fun of yourself and making fun of others. In turn , try not to make jokes at your children’s expense, you need to set an exampl e that they can follow. Learning to laugh at oneself is a great quality to attain. You can set an example by laughing at your own mistakes. This is a great way to help reduce your own stress as well as your children’s. Laughing may make the situation seem lighter and easier to work through. By doing this, your children will be better prepared to handle any difficulties. Most importantly, laughing will bring you closer together as a family. You can have your family find different ways to laugh. You can play games. You can start a staring contest, arm wrestling contest, thumb wars contest and have a prize for the winners. You can all watch your best funny movies and act out the best parts together after the movies are over. You could hold a contest to see who can make the other members of the family laugh more by doing something funny. Kids will be able to enjoy the good time they had with their parents. The family that laughs together stays together! （1）If you often play and laugh with your children, you can ________. A. develop a good humor B. become proud and confident C. make up some funny jokes D. get along well with each other （2）The underlined word “them” refers to ________. A. funny jokes B. interesting books C. your children D. the family （3）We can infer that when your children make mistakes you should ________. A. teach them to laugh at the mistakes B. blame them seriously C. punish them at once D. tell them to do better in future （4）The author advises in Para.4 that people make their family members laugh by ________. A. having a party B. having some kinds of contests C. doing some housework D. reading joke books （5）What can be the best title for the text? A. The More You laugh, the B etter You’ll Be B. Laughing Every Day Is Simple C. How to Laugh in Everyday Life D. Laughter Is Good for Your Family
中考英语阅读理解专项训练
中考英语阅读理解专项训练 【知识点睛】 一、中考阅读理解命题特点 题型上来看：着重考察学生对整篇文章的把握，侧重考查学生根据语境进行语篇分析和综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力 体裁上来看：涉及记叙文、夹叙夹议文、议论文、说明文和应用文；题材内容涉及英语国家文化的多个领域，并逐步增加广告、海报、图画、表格等实用文体 阅读量上看：逐年增加 难度上来看：增加了难度，超过了大纲规定的3%的生词率 二、中考阅读课标要求 义务教育英语课程标准指出：阅读是搜集处理信息、认识世界、发展思维、获得审美体验的重要途径。因此，阅读理解在中考中所占的比例、分值越来越大，主要考查考生通过文字获取信息的能力，阅读速度要求达到每分钟60—80词。选材范围越来越广，除故事、人物轶事外，科普性文章和社会热点话题也多了起来；体裁也趋于多样化，有记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文等，有时还考查考生理解及解释图表所提供的简单信息的能力；阅读材料丰富多彩，融知识性、趣味性、科学性于一体，既对学生阅读理解能力起着评价作用，又能增长知识、开阔视野。 国家英语课程要求从3年级起开设英语课程，课程标准中的第五级为9年级，也就是初中毕业参加中考时应达到的基本要求。其中对学生“读”的能力做了如下要求： 1. 能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。 2. 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。 3. 能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局。 4. 能读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物。 5. 能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。 6. 能利用词典等工具书进行阅读。 7. 课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。 三、解题步骤 第一步：读题，把握出题动向 第二步：带着问题速读文章，简单标记题目______________ 第三步：________文中信息，对相关信息进行划线标注 第四步：检查核对 四、阅读题型和做题方法 1、细节理解题 做题方法：利用题目的______________，寻找文中______________，在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案，对号入座。它一般是由特殊疑问词what, when, where, how, why, who, which等提问出现，可以直接找到答案。（答案往往不是文中原句） 2、猜测词义题
中考英语阅读理解专题复习(word)1
中考英语阅读理解专题复习（word）1 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.