【高考英语】情态动词和虚拟语气(讲解)
情态动词和虚拟语气（讲解）
语法专项情态动词
一．情态动词的含义：
情态动词只有情态意义，即表示说话人对动作的观点，如需要，可能，意愿或怀疑等。情态动词主要有：can(could), may(might), must, shall(should), will(would), need, dare(dared), have to(had to),ought to, had better，would rather, used to等。
二．情态动词的特征：
1．在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could, would, had to, might, should等几个过去式。其他如must, ought to等的过去式皆与现在式同形，且在各种人称后都用同样的形式。
2．在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义。如can可表示“能够”，“可能”，“允许”等。
3．在用法上。情态动词（除ought后接不定式外）与助动词一样，后接动词原形构成谓语动词。
三．情态动词的用法：
（一）can/could的用法：
1．表示能力：
①表示现在的能力用can；表示过去的一般能力用could，若表示过去经过努力而做成某事，则用was/were able to do sth. 或managed to do sth. 或succeeded in doing sth.
---Everyone here can speak English. (现在的能力)
---A fire broke out in the hotel last night, but everyone was able to escape. (经过努力做成某事)
②表示将来的能力常不用can,而用will be able to的将来时态：
---I’ll be able to speak French in another few months.
2．表示请求许可：
若表示请求别人允许自己做某事，can/could均可，could表示委婉语气。若表示自己允许别人做某事一般只用can：
---Could/Can I use your pen?
---Yes, of course you can. (此时一般不用could)
3．表示推测：
①can可用于肯定句中表推测，表示理论上的可能性，只有一种时态：can do sth，可翻译为“有时会”。
Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.
It can be very cold here in May.
②could在肯定句中表推测，译为“可能”，可以有对过去、现在和将来三个时态的推测，could比can的可能性小。对过去的推测在could后接动词的完成式，即“could have done”。
He could have gone home.（过去）
He could be doing his homework.（现在的动作）
He could be at home.（现在的状态）
It could rain tomorrow.（将来）
③can通常都用于否定句或疑问句，can’t和couldn’t一样，可以有对过去、现在和将来三个时态的推测，译为“不可能，一定不”，是对must的否定。
Can this be true?
It can’t/couldn’t rain tomorrow.（将来）
This book can’t/couldn’t belong to him. （现在的状态）
He can’t/couldn’t be playing football.（现在的动作）
He can’t/couldn’t have seen her there.（过去）
④could have done可以表示过去本能够发生却没发生的事情，意为“本能够”（虚拟），couldn’t have done译为“本不能够”。
We could have gone there on foot. A taxi wasn’t necessary at all.
If it had not been for her help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
4.一些惯用法。
①can not/never…too/enough/more表示“无论怎么……也不过分”，“越……越好”，如：
You cannot be too careful.
You cannot remember enough English words.
②cannot but do sth 表示“不得不，只好”
I could not but choose to go.
I cannot but admire his courage.
③can but do sth. 只好，不得不
We can but agree with him.
④cannot (couldn’t) help doing sth.= cannot help but do sth. 情不自禁做某事。如：
When I heard what the little girl said I couldn’t help laughing.
（二）may/might的用法：
1．表示许可：
若表示请求别人允许自己做某事，may/might均可，若表示自己允许别人做某事一般只用may：
---May/Might I sit here?
---Yes, you may. (此时一般不用might)
2．表示推测：
①表示说话人的猜测，认为某事或许，可能发生，在肯定句中同could的用法，译为“可能”，may比could的可能性小，might比may的可能性小; may一般不用于疑问句表推测，但可用于肯定句和否定句，在否定句中may not/might not译为“可能不”，是对could/may/might的否定
He may/might be sick.
He may/might have gone to have his hair cut.
She may/might not like this place.
②注意may not/might not和can’t/couldn’t区别：
may not/might not “可能不”---It may not be true. 这可能不是真的。
can not /could not “不可能”---It can not be true. 这不可能是真的。
③might have done可表示过去可能发生而实际上并未发生的事情，意为“本可能”（虚拟），might not have done译为“本不可能”
It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself. 那真是太危险了，我差点没命了。
3．表示祝愿：“May+主语+动词原形”= wish sb adj./n./to do sth
---May all your dreams come true! 愿你梦想成真！
---May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！
4．一些惯用法。
①may/might (just) as well do…不妨，最好…; might as well还可用于指过去的情况或比较不愉快的情况。
Since it’s a fine day, we may/might as well walk.
The holiday isn’t interesting. We might as well be back home.
②may well do sth 是一种常用结构，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于to be very likely to ,如：
He may well be proud of his son.
Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.
③may/might as well do sth as do sth. 与其……不如；最好……不要。如：
You might as well throw your money away as lend it to him.
（三）shall/should/ought to的用法：
1．shall的用法：★
第一人称的陈述句：相当于will
一三人称的疑问句：表示征求对方意见。
二三人称的陈述句：表示说话者的允诺，告诫，威胁，命令，规定，必然性等。主语是表示规章，法令，预言等，可译为“必须”
---Shall the boy come at once? (征求意见)
---You shall suffer for this. 你会为此吃苦头的。(威胁)
---Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺)
---Persons under 18 shall not be employed in night work. (规定)
---The law of Venice says that if anyone tries to kill or murder any citizen of Venice, everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.(法令) 2．should的用法：
①表示义务，责任，建议或劝告，译为“应该”
---We should learn from each other.
---You should give up smoking.
②表示推断：should表示推断时语气较肯定，常指非常有可能的事（有一定的事实依据或合乎常理），译为“按道理应该”
---When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
---They should be ready by 12:00. (1998年高考题)
③表示意外或惊讶，意为“竟然”，有时与why, who, how等疑问词连用，意为“怎么会”：
---It’s strange that he should come so late. 他竟然来这么迟真是奇怪。
---How should I know? 我怎么会知道？
④表示谦逊或委婉：常与like, love, think, say, imagine连用：
---I should like to know why. 我想知道这是为什么。
---I should imagine it will take about three hours. 我想得花大约三个小时。
⑤should have done还可表示过去本应该发生却未发生的事情，意为“本应该…”(虚拟)，shouldn’t have done译为“本不应该”
You should not have left so soon. 你本不该那么早走的。
3．ought to的用法：
①ought to可表示义务，责任，建议，劝告，推断等，此时可与should互换，语气比should强。
②ought to have done “本应该”（虚拟），oughtn’t to have done“本不应该”（同should和shouldn’t）
③否定句中用ought not或oughtn’t，在疑问句中将ought提到主语前：
He ought to go now, oughtn’t he?
Ought I to go?
④在美国英语中，ought to用于否定句和疑问句时可将to省略（肯定句to不宜省）；另外，在省略句中也可以省to：
Ought we (to) have done it? 我们本该做此事吗？
Ought I to go? Yes, you ought（to）. “我该去吗？”“对，你该去。”
（四）will/would/used to的用法：
1．will/would:
①表示意愿（一般情况下will表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿，但would也可用于表示现在的意愿，语气较委婉）
He wouldn’t help me yesterday.
I would go there with you.
If you will allow me, I will see you home. 如果你愿意，我可以送你回家。
②主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时并不表示过去，而表示委婉语气。
Won’t you take off your coat?
Would Sunday night suit you?
Will you/ Would you like…？表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some，而不是any.
Would you like some cake?
③would有时用于提出想法，通常与like, love, hate, prefer, be glad, be happy等连用，若用于第一人称有时也可将would换成should：
I should like/ love to have a look at it.
I would prefer not go out today.
④will可表示说话者临时做出的决定：
---Mike, the phone is ringing. Do you want me to go?
---No, sit still. I will get it.
⑤表示习惯和倾向性，比较客观的将来
Oil will float on water. 油总是浮在水面上。
The window won’t open. 这扇窗户经常打不开。
The wound would not heal. （当时）这伤口老不愈合。
Don’t get that ink on your skirt, for it won’t wash out.
2. would/used to: “过去常常”
①would 表示过去常常做某事，现在不知道做不做；used to 表示过去常常做某事，现在已经不做了。
Every evening he would tell a story to us.
There used to be an old temple here.
②若强调过去与现在的对比，只用used to:
He is not what he used to be. 他已经不是从前的他了。
I don’t smoke these days, but I used to.
③used to的否定式和疑问式：
I usedn’t/didn’t use to smoke.
Used you/Did you use to be very thin?
There used to be a lake in the park, usedn’t there/didn’t there?
（五）must/have to的用法：
1．must的用法：
①表示“必须”“一定要”（否定句中表示绝对禁止“不要”“一定不能”；表示“不必”用needn’t）
You must finish your homework today.
We mustn’t think only of ourselves. 我们不能只考虑自己。
---Must I come tonight?
---No, you needn’t.
②表示推测：只用于肯定句，可以有对过去和现在两个时态的推测，译为“一定”，否定或疑问句用can’t/couldn’t代替。
must do 表示对现在情况的推测
must be doing/have been doing 表示对正在发生的事情的推测
must have done表示在过去发生事情的肯定推测：
He must be wrong（现在的状态）
He must be writing a letter to his girlfriend.（现在的动作）
I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.（过去）
③表示不巧或固执，常指令人不愉快的事情，意为“偏偏”“非得”
Must you make so much noise? 你非得弄出这么大声音吗？
We were ready to leave, but the baby must catch cold. 我们刚准备好要走，可孩子偏偏得了感冒。
④（表示主张）意为：一定要，坚持要。
If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.
⑤有时可以作名词，意为“必须做，看，听等的事情或必须的东西”
Green’s new novel is a must for all lovers of crime fiction.
格林新出版的小说是爱好犯罪小说者所必看的一本书。
A good knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
2．must与have to 的区别：
①must: 侧重说话者的主观看法，认为有必要，有义务做某事
have to: 侧重客观需要，含有“不得不”“被迫”的意思
You must do what I tell you. (主观)
I am afraid you will have to do this; it’s a rule of the college. (客观)
②mustn’t：意为“不能”
don’t have to：意为“不必”= needn’t = don’t need to
You mustn’t tell him about it. 你一定不要告诉他这件事。
You don’t have to tell him about it. 你不必告诉他这件事。
（六）need的用法：
1．既可作实义动词又可作情态动词，意为“需要”。作情态动词时只用于否定句，疑问句以及if/whether之后，一般不用于肯定句。
You needn’t worry. = You don’t need/have to worry.
---Need he stay here?
---Yes, he must (have to). / No, he needn’t/don’t have to.
---Does he need to stay here?
---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
2．needn’t have done可表示过去本不必做某事而实际做了的情况，译为“本不必”（虚拟）
You needn’t have come in person. 你本不需要亲自来的。
3．There is no need (for sb) to do sth.
（七）dare的用法：
1．既可作实义动词又可作情态动词，意为“敢”。作情态动词时只用于否定句，疑问句以及if/whether之后，一般不用于肯定句，过去式为dared：
Dare you tell her the truth?
I don’t know whether he dare try.
2．用作实义动词时，可以用于各种句型，后接不定式to do
Do you dare to tell her the truth?
We don’t dare (to) say anything.
3．I dare say “很可能”“大概”
I dare say that you are right. 很可能你是对的。
（八）had better的用法：
①意为“最好”“应该”, had常缩略为’d ；有时还可用had best
You’d better go to bed early.
You had best get home before midnight.
②否定式：had better not；疑问式：had sb. better
You’d better not disturb.
What had we better do?
㈨would rather的用法
①would rather 意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式。例如：
I’d rather not say anything.
Would you rather work on farm?
---Wouldn’t you rather stay here?
--- No, I would not. I’d rather go there.
②由于would rather表选择，因而后可接than，表示与其…不如…
would rather do sth than do sth = would do sth rather than do sth. 例如：
I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
I would watch TV rather than go to see the film.
③would rather 后接从句，表示虚拟，有两种时态，对现在和将来的虚拟，从句中用一般过去时；对过去的虚拟，从句中用过去完成时。
I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to anyone.
I would rather you hadn’t done that.
四．情态动词的注意点
（一）情态动词+ have done
1．表示对过去情况的推测：must/could/may/might/can’t/couldn’t/may not/might not
2．表示对过去情况的虚拟：could/couldn’t /would/wouldn’t /might/might not /should/shouldn’t /ought to/oughtn’t to /needn’t
3．表未曾实现的句式：
was/ were to have done 过去本打算/本想
would/should like/love to have done 过去本想…而没…
= would/should have liked/loved to do.
= had intended to do
= intended to have done
had better have done当初最好…
would rather have done 当初真该…
My teacher was to have come here last night, but he had an important meeting to attend.
I would love to have gone to Beijing that day, but the tickets were sold out. We had better have bought the book.
My brother would rather have stayed at home than go to see the dull film. （二）情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法：
1．“肯定祈使句+附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would/ won’t you形式。Stand still, will/ would/ won’t you?
2．“否定祈使句+附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would you形式
Don’t watch TV, will/ would you?
3．Let’s …，shall we? Let us …，will you?
4．含有must句子的反意问句
1）must表示“必须”时，附加部分常用needn’t，也可用mustn’t.
He must go with you, needn’t/mustn’t he?
2）must表“一定、想必”推测意时，附加部分主要有下列几种形式：
①现在的状态He must be an engineer, isn’t he?
She must have a car/ live there, doesn’t she?
②现在的动作They must be writing now, aren’t they?
③过去He must have seen the film, hasn’t he? （句子无具体过去时间状语。）He must have seen the film last week, didn’t he?（句子有具体过去时间状语）Mother must have been shopping then, wasn’t she?（句子的时间状语是then）
专项虚拟语气
一．语气的分类：
二．虚拟语气的用法：
（一）在if条件句中虚拟语气的用法：
1. 构成：
---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反)
---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反)
---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反)
2．特殊用法：
①错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。
---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now.
②if条件句虚拟倒装：可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if构成倒装。
---Were I you, I would give it up.
---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake.
---Should she come, I could ask her for help.
③含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示，甚至省略条件状语。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。
---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded.
---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后为真实情况）
---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前为真实情况）
情态动词用于表示对过去情况的虚拟：
should/ought to have done：本应该做某事(shouldn’t/ought not to have done “本不应该做某事”)
might have done：本可能做某事(might not have done “本不可能做某事”)
could have done：本能够做某事(couldn’t have done “本不能做某事”)
needn’t have done “本不需要做某事”
---You shouldn’t have told him the bad news, which made things even worse.
---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ---Oh, did you? You could have stayed with Tom.
---You needn’t have told him the news; he knew it already.
---The car nearly hit me; I might have been killed.
④特殊的if句虚拟：If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…”
---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life.
---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed.
（二）表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”的词出现在句中时，名词从句用虚拟语气，表现为(should) do。
这一类词有：（建议）advise, suggest, recommend, propose
（要求）require, request, demand, insist, ask
（命令）order, command
---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句)
---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句)
---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句)
---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句)
---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句) ★suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。
---His pale face suggested that he was ill.
---The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.
（三）It is +形容词/名词+that从句中的虚拟
常见的有：(形容词) natural, important, necessary，essential, strange, surprising, funny
(名词) a pity, a shame, no wonder
---It is important that we (should) keep the balance of nature.
---It is a pity that he (should) go to Beijing alone. (此时should翻译为“竟然”，强调惊讶的语气，若没有惊讶的语气，则不用虚拟)
（四）wish与if only的虚拟语气用法：
---I wish I were rich. = If only I were rich. （现在）
---I wished he had visited us last night. = If only he had visited us last night. （过去）
---I wish I could go to the moon one day. = If only I could go to the moon one day. （将来）
（五）would rather的虚拟语气用法：
---I would rather he stayed at home now/tomorrow. （现在或将来）
---I would rather he had stayed at home yesterday. (过去)
（六）as if/as though的虚拟语气用法：（as if/though与if用法相同，如果描述的内容与事实相符不用虚拟，若不相符则用虚拟）
---It looks as if (though) someone were running after her now. （现在）
---He behaved as if (though) nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子。（过去）
---It looks as if (though) she would live another 100 years. （将来）
（七）表示过去未曾实现的想法，意图，诺言，希望等，能这样用的动词有：want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose等，表达方式有两种：“had+过去分词+to do…”或“过去式+to have done”
---I had meant to come, but something happened.
= I meant to have come, but something happened.
（八）It is (high/about) time that sb. did sth.
should do sth.“该是…时候了”
---It is time (that) we went home.
= It is time (that) we should go home.
情态动词和虚拟语气在高考大纲中的要求是学习资料
情态动词与虚拟语气 (1)情态动词的基本用法：①can与be able to的区别；②must与have to的区别；③shall的用法；④should的用法；⑤used to与would的用法；⑥may与might 的用法；⑦need与dare的用法； (2)情态动词表推测：①对现在和将来情况的推测；②对过去情况的推测； (3)虚拟语气的用法：①条件从句及含蓄条件引出的虚拟语气(but for, without, otherwise等)；②wish后跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气；③if only, as if/though, would rather, It's high time后跟从句中的虚拟语气；④表示“建议，要求，命令，坚持”等词后跟从句中的虚拟语气。 注意几个考点： must“非得，偏要”, 用于疑问句或条件从句中； shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等； should“竟然” cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好” May you succeed！祝你成功！ may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如” must强调主观方面的必须否定形式是needn't/don't have to have to表示“不得不，必须”，强调客观因素所迫而必须去做的事情 would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义 ※shall的用法 (1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 Shall I go out for a walk after supper? 晚饭后我可以散散步吗？ (2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁，或用于正式法律、条规中。 —Will you read me a story, Mummy? —OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.[摘自2011·陕西高考] ——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？ ——好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。 ※should的用法 (1)表示一种“义务或职责”，通常理解为“应该”。 You should take the medicine with a full glass of water. 你应该用满满一杯水来服这种药。 (2)表示惊奇、赞叹、不满等情绪。 It never occurred to me that she should lie to me again. 我从来没有想到她竟然又骗我。
高考英语情态动词专题复习
情态动词精品学案 情态动词解读: ①本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词。 ②不能单独作谓语。 ③和其他动词原形构成谓语。 ④谓语动词之前。 ⑤无人称和数的变化。 ⑥否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。 ⑦个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或 将来。 经典例句： We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？ Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？ How dare you treat us like that! 你怎么敢那样对待我们! We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 情态动词考点： 1.情态动词表示推测。 2.情态动词的基本用法。 3.情态动词的答语。 1 / 17
常见情态动词： 情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词的基本用法： 一、can, could 1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）时，等于be able to 。 a)Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） b)Are you able to lift this heavy box? c)Mary can speak three languages.（知识） d)Is Mary able to speak three languages? e)Can you skate?（技能） 此时可用be able to代替。 2) can表示请求和允许。 -----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。（特别注明：这是在表示请求和允许的时候。） ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not. ) can't在否定句中可以表示命令，不允许，但是语气比mustn't弱，具有劝慰的意思. 3)can表示“有时会”： A kind person can lose temper sometimes. 4）表示与五种感官和知觉的动词连用。 I can hear/ see you clearly from here. You can imagine how annoyed she was ! 2 / 17
情态动词与虚拟语气
情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义，可以表达某种感情和说话的语气，但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法，特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理，更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理，编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有：shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度，不能单独作谓语，与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征：可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 （1）表示现在的能力，用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can，表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 （2）表示过去的能力，用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 （3）表示将来的能力，用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 （1）can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性，而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如：Accidents can happy on such rainy days. （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词，其表示可能性的层次如下表： 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗？ would 可能性较will 小不会、不该（较won’t 弱）会,,吗？（较will 弱） should 应该会、理应（表示合乎理想的情况或结果） ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能（否定推测）有可能吗？ could 可疑的可能不可能（与can’t 同义）有可能吗？（较can 弱）may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能（较may 弱）可能不（较may not 弱） 注意→（1）may，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 （2）can 常用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。
高考情态动词与虚拟语气考点
情态动词与虚拟语气 常考考点一情态动词+have done 情态动词+have done 表示对过去的虚拟
1.I have watched that movie it’ll give me horrible dreams. A.Shouldn’t ’t ’t ’t 2.Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. ’t ’t ’t ’t , Professor Smith. I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday. -----Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline. 、 ’t ’t
have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. 5. He didn’t regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. express B. would express have expressed have expressed 6. -----I’m sorry. I at you the other day. ------Forget it, I was a bit out of control myself. ’t shout ’t have shouted is my dictionary I remember I put it here yesterday. # -------You it in the wrong place. A.must put B. should have put put have put 8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. have taken have taken ’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken 9. As you worked late yesterday, you have come this morning. ’t ’t ’t ’t did you do on the driving test ---------Not so well. I much better, but I was too nervous. do have done ’t have done D. should do
高考英语情态动词讲解
（一） 情态动词常考点 （一） 表能力 can be able to will be able to could was/ were able to could have + ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?表示现在的能力 ：表示将来的能力 表示过去的能力 过去分词：表示过去有能力做但未做 如：I am starving to death 。I can eat two bowls of rice now 。 （现在的能力）我快饿死了，现在我能吃两碗米饭。 If you have a good sleep ，you will be able to work out this problem 。 （将来的能力）如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out 。 （过去有能力做并且成功的做了某事）尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都能够逃出 去。 I could have worked out the problem ，but I didn ’t 。 （过去有能力做但未做）我本来可以解决这个问题，但没有解决。 （二） 表推测（可能性） 1. 可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can 可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can 一般不用于肯定句。如： Accident can happen on such rainy days 。 这样的多雨天气有可能会发生事故。（客观的可能性） Peter may come with us tonight ，but he isn ’t sure yet 。 彼得今晚可能和我们来，但他还没确定。（实际可能性，不用can ） 2. 表示具体事情实际发生的可能性： （1）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次比较 （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may ，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句（may not 表示“可能不”）；can 常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。如： This can ’t/ couldn ’t be done by him 。（表不相信） 这不可能是他做的。 This may not be done by him 。（表不确定） 这可能不是他做的。 He could be on his way home now 。（could 不如may/ might 常用） 他现在可能在回家的路上。 Can this be done by him ？（表示疑惑、惊讶） 这可能是他做的吗？ Mr. Bush is on time for everything 。How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony ？（表示疑惑、惊讶） 布什先生做每件事都很按时。他怎么可能在开幕仪式上迟到呢？ I didn ’t hear the phone 。I must have been asleep 。（表肯定） 我没听到电话。我肯定已经睡着了。 3. would ，could ，might 并不一定与过去时间有关，而是表示可能性弱于他们相应的现在时形式。另外should 也不一定与过去时间有关。如： This may/ might be done by him 。（后者比前者语气弱）
2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 含答案
专题六情态动词和虚拟语气 1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢.结合句意，故选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境. 2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D. 【考点定位】虚拟语气 【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气. 3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.d idn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句
历年全国高考英语情态动词试题汇总及答案
历年全国高考英语情态动词试题汇总及答案 一、单项选择情态动词 1．The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed. A．shouldn’t B．couldn’t C．wouldn’t D．mightn’t 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词。句意：无论她怎么使劲推，门就是打不开。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. couldn’t 不能够；C. wouldn’t不愿意；D. mightn’t可能不。will及其过去式would均可表示一种倾向性、习惯。故选C。 2．He is a bad-tempered fellow, but he ________ be quite charming when he wishes. A．shall B．should C．can D．must 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词辨析。句意：他是个脾气不好的家伙，但当他希望自己有魅力的时候，他可以变得相当可爱。此处表示“能、可以”，故C项正确。 3．— Mum, little Ray broke his toys again! —It doesn't matter. You see, accidents _____happen. A．shall B．should C．must D．will 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词辨析。句意：——妈妈，小雷又弄坏了他的玩具。——没事的，你看，意外总会发生。A. shall将要，会；B. should应当；C. must必须；D. will总是。Will可以表示习惯，意思为“惯于，总是”。故D选项正确。 【点睛】 will/would是情态动词，其表达的意思如下。 (1)表示意志或意愿：决心，愿意，……好吗? We will do our best to save the child. 我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。 I told her to stop crying, but she just wouldn’t listen. 我叫她别哭，可她就是不愿听。 注：表示请求、建议或征求对方意见时，用Would you…? 比用Will you…?更婉转。如：Will/Would you please keep the door open? 请让门开着好吗? Will/Would you go with me? 你愿意和我一起去吗? (2)表示真理或习惯：惯于，总是。如：
情态动词与虚拟语气
一．情态动词 1.---Could I borrow your dictionary? ----Yes,of course you_____. A.might B. will C. can D. should 2.---Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which _____do yourself? A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 3.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___be here at any moment. A. must B need C should D can 4.A computer __think for itself ,it must be told what to do. A. can’t B couldn’t C may not D might 5. Johnny,you ___play with the knife.You ___hurt yourself. A.won’t ;can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 6.—Shall I tell John about it? -----No,you _____.I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B.wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 7.---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ----______. A.I don’t B.I won’t C.I can’t D.I haven’t 8.He ____you more help,even though he was busy. A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 9.----There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ___a comfortbable journey. A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been 10.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I ___for her. A.had to write it out B.must to have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 11.---When can I come for photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They ___be ready by 12:00. A.can B. should C might D need 12.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh,did you?You ____with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 13.-----Alice, you feed the bird today.____? -----But I fed it yesterday. A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you 14.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could
情态动词虚拟语气练习及答案
@ 情态动词和虚拟语气 1. Jack descried his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-wiled man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been ） 2. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can recommend parents _______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ~ A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 4. You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 5. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You________ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_w w. k#s 6. I have told you the truth I keep repeating it A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will ~ 7. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 8. Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 9. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________ see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 10. I _______ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t < 11. –May I take this book out of the reading room –No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 12. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. — Oh, you _________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 13. — _______ I take the book out —I'm afraid not. *
【11年高考】2004-2014年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编：情态动词、虚拟语气 (含详细解析)
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