中西方时间观念差异 英文

中西方时间观念差异 英文

The concept of time(时间观念)

①In china,words and phrases about time are very general. For example,if you date with someone, most of Chinese used to answer: in the afternoon /at night/after a while and so on.

But in western, people have a very strong concept of time. If you date with a foreigner, they will ask you the Specific time, such as: what time should we meet?

②In Chinese dating, people would like to come in advance and they think its represent respect and politeness.

Westerners like come to the dating place on time or a few minutes late, which can give each other fully time to prepare and the enough private space. They think that arriving on time shows people have good education. Otherwise he will be regarded as unreliable or is not responsible for the other people.

论中西方时间观念差异对日常生活的影响

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从时间观看中西方文化差异

龙源期刊网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/e36903145.html, 从时间观看中西方文化差异 作者:孟静 来源:《价值工程》2012年第09期 摘要:东西方文化传统的不同,导致人们的时间观念存在差异。笔者从中英对线性和循环性时间观的倾向、中英对一元和多元时间模式的取向、中英对“过去、现在、未来”的时间态度3方面着手,分析了时间观念对时间隐喻的影响,进而期望有助于人们的跨文化交际能力。 Abstract: Eastern and Western cultural traditions are different, so the people''s sense of time is different. The author analyses the effect of time view on time metaphor from three aspects, including, tendency for linear and cyclical time view between English and Chinese, tendency for single and multiple time mode between English and Chinese, and the attitude to "past, present, future" for English and Chinese, in hope of helping to improve the cross-cultural communicative competence of people. 关键词:时间观念;线性和循环性时间观;一元和多元时间模式 Key words: time view;linear and cyclical time view;single and multiple time mode 中图分类号:G249 文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-4311(2012)09-0315-01 0引言 人类的所有活动都离不开时间,而他们的时间观一旦形成后,言行就不知不觉地接受其制约和支配。由于东西方文化的不同,人们在社会实践、思维方式和安排时间等方面的不同,各自形成的时间观念产生了差异。正如美国人类学家Hall所说,各个文化就像拥有自己的语言 一样,拥有自己的“时间语言”。因此,当来自不同文化的人们在交流时,对时间意义的理解不同就会对人们的交际产生影响,从而影响正常的沟通。 1中英对线性和循环性时间观的倾向 中国传统的哲学时间观普遍认为,时间既是线性的,又是循环性的。从时间进程的线性特征而言,时间具有流动性和延绵性,时间是川流不止,生生不息的。“子在川上日:逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜”(《沦语·子罕》)就凸显了儒家始祖孔子对待时间之流的态度,肯定它但从容不迫,泰然处之,无惊恐之感。从时间的循环性特征而言,时间则是阴阳交替、周而复始的。早在春秋战国时期,老子就创建了“道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物”的宇宙发生论的时间观。从《易经》、《老子》等等经典中,不难看到人生经历的时同流程中穷通、逆顺、吉凶、祸福的互相转换。而历史文人经常提到的“三十年河东,三十年河西;分久必合,合久必分”等等又充分体现了时间之流当中的循环性时间进程。因此,在中国人的心目中,时间流程的线性和循环性是融会贯通的。在线性时间的绵延流动性中含有周而复始性;在循环性时间的流程

中西方时间观念差异英文

中西方时间观念差异英 文 Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】

Compared with America being slaves to nothing but the clock .Chinese care a little about time going by . The concept of time(时间观念) ①In china,words and phrases about time are very general. For example,if you date with someone, most of Chinese used to answer: in the afternoon /at night/after a while and so on. But in western, people have a very strong concept of time. If you date with a foreigner, they will ask you the Specific time, such as: what time should we meet ②In Chinese dating, people would like to come in advance and they think its represent respect and politeness. Westerners like come to the dating place on time or a few minutes late, which can give each other fully time to prepare and the enough private space. They think that arriving on time shows people have good education. Otherwise he will be regarded as unreliable or is not responsible for the other people. Most Americans place a strong emphasis on being on time.?They tend to organize time by means of schedules. Time is highly valued and treated as something real in American culture because it conveys different meanings to American people. In their eyes, “Time and tide wait for no man”and “Time lost is never regained”. As a result, they want every minute to be important and meaningful, and they firmly believe that no time should be wasted. Not surprisingly, the new comers to America find the Americans seem always in a hurry and do everything at a running what makes the new comers embarrassed is to have no opportunity to smile, converse or have a short exchange with strangers because the Americans regard such practices as a waste of time. Keeping Appointments and Dates It is considered impolite and inconsiderate to fail to keep an appointment or date without giving prior notice to the other person.?If you do not plan to meet the person, then you should decline the invitation.

中西方时间观念对比研究

中西方时间观念对比研究 comparison between the Chinese concept of time and western concept of time 0ginates from agriculture civilization and industrial civilization which affect l people’s behavior,awareness Of concepts,industrial relationship,interpersonal relationship and value orientation.Different cultures breed different time conceptions and time behaviors. Today will talk about the aspects of their differences. When different time views meet with each other —cultural communication,conflicts and obstacles Of interpersonal communication may arise. 1.Introduction Because of the social practice,ways of thinking and understanding and time of people from different cultures are different..That is to say, time ,as an objective existence,has different forms of reflection in different cultures.Time view is seen as a part of cultural deed structure,which affects people‘s perception of the world,controls their judgment and determines the ways of behaviors.The vagueness and exactness Of Chinese and western cu1ture usually lead to conflicts and misunderstanding when peop1e interact with each Other.The Chinese use time Very casually and tangibly(明确的).The Chinese prefer to say some uncertain words 1ike “at Once",”sometimes”,“a short while",which a1ways contrary to the westerners.Chinese students who are studying English tend to misuse the tense when communicating with the foreigners.The reason may be that there is no clear differentiation of the concept Of time in Chinese.When a Chinese and a westerner parted from a party,the westerner said,“I shall invite you to have a lunch one day”.And the Chinese took his words seriously and had been waiting f0r his invitation,but in Vain.So he thought the westerner was dishonest and he did not carry out his promise.In fact,such“promises”,as“we will keep in touch”and‘‘I will see you 0ne day",do not specify the time and place of the invitation and are only greetings.Because we are accustomed to such vague expressing way Of time,we tend to take them seriously. Conversely,a certain behavior also reflects certain concept of time and transmits some message about it.As a way 0f non-verbal exchange,time has its own special communicative function.Just as American cultural anthropologist ([??nθr??p?l?d??st] 人类学家)E.T.Hall has pointed out that it has its own language,every culture owns its “time language"(Hall,l 959,p.2O).We all have such experience that when people shake hands with each other on social occasions,we can know something about their identities,relationship and status from the order of who stretches his hand first and how long the shaking has lasted.Similarly,if two sides have made an appointment to negotiate a contract at 9:00,while

中西方时间观念的不同

中西方时间观念的不同 文化背景不同所形成的时间观也不同。时间观制约着人们的行为模式,常常给跨文化交际带来困难和障碍。 时间是人和周围世界存在的一种形式。时间观是人们在认识和改造客观世界的过程中逐渐形成的,人们的时间观一旦形成后,其言行就不知不觉地接受它的制约与支配。相反一定的言行又反映一定的时间观,传递关于时间的某种信息。美国人类学家爱德华·T·霍尔说过:“时间会说话。它比有声语言更坦率,它传达的信息更响亮而清晰。”时间观念是各种文化中重要的文化因素,不同的文化形成其特定的对时间的看法,它对人们的语言、行为习惯、思维习惯等会产生很大的影响。深入了解不同文化的时间观有利于我们跨文化交际, 提高语言应用能力。 中国人约会提前到,西方人约会迟到三五分钟。中国人视年龄大为尊,西方人视年龄大为忌。 不同文化背景的人看待时间也有所不同,这就从一定程度上构成了他们不同的思维方式和生活方式。在跨文化交际中,一些障碍可能仅仅由于对时间及其运用理解上的差异而产生。例如,一位美国学者即将离开中国,他的一个中国朋友邀请他吃饭为他送行,可意想不到的是那个美国人说:“我很乐意去。但万分抱歉,因为我已经安排好了明天的事情。”这位

中国朋友听后感到非常沮丧,甚至在他的眼中美国人对他的友好都是一种过度的冷漠。不久他才发现是他不合时宜的邀请而导致拒绝。 为了尽量减少因时间观念的不同带来的跨文化语用失误,交际双方应尝试了解对方的时间观念。时间观念是一种深层文化,它看不见摸不着,时时刻刻影响着人们的思想行为。在全球一体化各国文化交流频繁的新世纪,对其他文化的时间观念不够尊重和了解,误解就有可能发生,跨文化交际就有可能失败。我认为可以做到以下几点:(1)提高中美时间观念差异的意识。当彼此时间观念不同时,不宜做好坏评价,宜作客观描述。(2)变通和协商。跨文化交际的过程是对异国文化的认知了解的过程,单靠一方的努力不容易加速彼此的理解,需要交际的双方互动并将自己的时间观念向对方解释,作出调整。如:被安排在星期天上课的外籍教师完全可向中国同行说明,在他们国家星期天是不工作的。 时间观念的不同影响着跨文化交际的顺利进行,人们对时间的不同态度及其相应的不同社会行为习惯往往会阻碍有效的交际。从某种程度上来说,时间反映了人们的心理倾向,如何努力调整自己的心态,实现有效的交际非常重要。

浅谈中西方的时间观念

浅谈中西方的时间观念 美国文化人类学家Hall曾经说过:“时间会说话。它比有声语言更坦率,它传达的信息响亮而清晰……”,人们对时间的态度往往传达了一种世界观和思维模式。由此得知,在学习外语中,进行相关文化的输入,除了介绍一般文化现象与语言之间的关系,还要深入理解其文化的根源,这些对于接触一门语言,了解一门语言,甚至掌握一门语言,起着至关重要的作用。 1、有始有终与循环往复 在西方文明中,时间是有起点的,它是在行进的,在流逝的,即珍贵又固执,一旦消逝了便无法挽回。圣?奥古斯丁曾经说过:“上帝在超时间的意义上来说是永恒的。在上帝那里,没有所谓以前和以后,只有永远的现在,时间自创世始,又随末日审判而终,进入无时间状态。”所以,我们发现,在西方的文明中,时间是有始有终的,是会有消亡的那天,而非是永远消耗不完的。 可是,在我们的中国文明中,时间的变化是与自然节律相协调的,是一种始终沿着自身做永远螺旋式运动的,如昼夜交替,季节的往复,植物周期生长,农时劳作更替,都有圆周式的去而复始的自身复归的周期性循环活动(贾玉新,1997:71)。于是,一切都处于循环往复之中,时间更是一样。于是,我们就相信,今天没了,还有明天,还有无数个明天和明天,是源远流长的。 2、珍惜时间与挥霍时间 美国人有句座右铭:“Time is money.”把时间和金钱视为等价交换的实体,时间可以让他们创造金钱。由此,他们做事讲究计划,要求严格依照时间表办事,并且凡事做到准时不误。预约是西方人普遍的社会习惯,并且越是重要的活动越是要提早约定计划好。与英美人交往时尤其如此,即使到最好的老外家串门也要事先打招呼,否则便会打扰他们的私生活,使自己成为不受欢迎的人。 例如,刘凤霞编著的《跨文化交际教程》中关于西方人对待时间的态度是这样描述的:“Americans in the Western world look upon time as a present , tangible commodity , something to be used , something to be held accountable for.……The American divides up the day very precisely and communicates only during certain hours .……For many situations Americans would consider tardiness of five minutes to be relatively serious and improper.”由此可见,在时间这一概念上西方人是十分注重的,且作为生活交际上不可或缺的标准之一。 记得德国哲学家康德老人在写给老朋友威廉·彼特斯的信中,有这样一句话让我刻骨铭心:“在我看来,在一定意义上可以说,无论是对老朋友,还是对陌生人,守时就是最大的礼貌。”(康德,1779年3月)在实际生活中,他一直都是这么做的,甚至愿意为了守时,不惜付出很大的代价,只为了履行自己的承诺。借用戴尔·卡耐基的一句话:“如果你想要结交朋友和有影响力的人就要准时。任何人都喜欢和一个时间观念强、守时的人做朋友,因为这样的人必定是一个诚信的人。”西方人就是如是告诫自己和他人的。 此外,西方人最忍受不了的就是无所事事了。Jesse Crispin曾在他的著作中这样写道:“In fact ,if we had more free time ,surveys suggest that the majority of us would fill it with more work .We have a very difficult time unplugging, and many of our technological advances have ensured that we don’t have to .”(李湘廷,《Time is everything》,2010.2:18)也就是有了这样的时间观念,在西方,孕育出了许许多多的成功人士和资历雄厚的智者。

中西方时间观的差异对比

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中西方谚语中时间观念之对比分析

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