初一年级英语阅读长篇文章教学探究

初一年级英语阅读长篇文章教学探究
初一年级英语阅读长篇文章教学探究

初中英语长篇文章教学探究

初中英语教程与小学英语教程的最大区分特征就是语篇明显见长。初一年级的学生刚从预初升上来每一页所接触的基本上是几个来回的对话或几句话的短文,但到了初一牛津英语教材就遇到了几页长的文章,如P11的屈原、P27的buses、P37和P50的文章就更长,如何在一节课内教完一篇长文章,让学生基本理解意思并能复述或背出来呢?以往这种长文章统编教材一个星期从开始教到结束都是先学生词,然后一段一段理解课文,教师写出短语,学生划下来,一句一句理解。在这种“老师讲授,学生听说”的被动式英语教学中,学生很少有语言实践和交流的机会,很难主动参与课堂活动。这种方法近乎单向的传道,授业,解惑。但如果按泛读课上,一篇文章上完,学生只知个大概,对像我们这种经过周边私立和转制学校层层挑选过的初级中学学生来说真可谓是蜻蜓点水,差生那就更是一无所知了。

如何在一节或一节多点的时间内学完这样一篇长文章,让学生基本理解大多数学生能复述或背出来呢?我主张采用整体教学的方法。

以往为了方便教学,大部分英语教师采用语法翻译法,翻译法提倡以教师为中心,把文章一段一段地教,第一节课上前几段,第二节课上后几段,一篇文章支离破碎,学生学的时候没有一个整体概念,前后脱节。学生在孤立的学习中思维受到限制,不利于发挥其创新能力。非语境化的知识教授,使得学生的学习自主性没有充分发挥,不能从根本上提高听说读写能力,这就是英语教学过程中普遍存在的“费时多、收效少”的原因所在。

如何在一节课时内有效的学完一篇长文章呢?

1、提高学生的学习主动性

学生学的主动,首先要教师精备课。“精备课”就是在把新的语言知识呈现给学生的同时,激起学生的学习兴趣,使其主动的将生词、语法、语言点和意义结合起来,促进学生对新知识的理解。如:我在教P37 “Information about fire”这一页是以火为题讲了火在过去和现在的用途,及火

的危害。我让学生双休日回去自己先根据课文制作幻灯片,没有电脑的同学回去画画,制作出或画出火的用途及害处。有的学生甚至更好还归纳出火的几点用途和危害。在学生对火有了基本了解的基础上,上课就比较轻松了。上课时我让学生根据我的提示,归纳出火的用途及害处,并划出课文中的短语及防火措施。列表如下:

1.to cook food

in the past 2.to protect families from wild animals

3.to give them light and keep them warm in

be useful winter

1.to cook food

nowadays 2.to melt metals

3.to make glass

4.to burn rubbish

1.People may seriously be injured

be harmful 2.Peoplelose lives and homes

3.Every year hillfires burn a lot of trees

4.Destroy everything.

学生通过双休日所作的课件或画画对“火”内容已有一定的了解,所以他们很快就归纳出来,并把表填满,而且基本上都是正确的。这就为复述课文做好了必要的准备。这样学生学的主动,印象深,最后在一节课时间内就学完了这篇280个单词的文章,学生根据上表也能复述课文。

2、提问要多提开放性问题

我们上公开课时往往能看到有的教师为了了解学生对课文内容是否熟悉,预设了十几个问题,然后指导学生“one by one”一个一个接龙似地回答问题,从表面上看参与的学生面比较广泛,教师把“问答”当对话的对象,教师设置的问题答案是Yes或No,或是提一些毫无启发性的问题,这实际正是用提问的方式在“灌”,这是教师在鼓励学生回顾事实因素或者预先阐述语言,这种封闭式问题为主的提问,很难激起学生交流思想的愿望而且还会限制学生的语言输出。封闭式提问教师期待的是特定的封闭的简要的答案。如果37页我这样提问:Is fire useful? 学生答:Yes,it is. Can fire cook food?Yes,it can.虽然学生都能答,但他们所能答的只是唯一的答案,限制了学生的语言输出。。这不仅忽视了语言交际能力的培养,也违背了学习者学习语言的心理本质。

如:我在教P37‘火’这一节时,我先这样提问:

What good things do fires do?

What bad things do fires do?

这两个问题是学生平时日常生活所接触,所看见的内容,学生很快就能回答

Fires can boil water and cook food.

Fires keep people warm.答案多种多样。学生思路清晰,回答踊跃,课堂气氛活跃,达到了语言交流的目的。这种开放式的提问,使学生在有语言意义的情景中去引导学生观察、分析和理解,促进语言在交际中的学习和运用,体现语言作为交际工具的特点。

3、朗读背诵在长篇课文教学中的重要地位

俗话说:“熟读唐诗三百首不会做诗也会吟”。我觉得学生学英语首先要敢开口。但开口要有“货”,就像造房子,没有水泥和沙子设计再好也无济于事。学英语首先要让学生说,说就要肚里有货。为了让学生能说出来,就要让学生背课文。语言学家Ellis认为,人的语言是靠“输入与互动假设”习得的。而背课文既是输入又是可以让学生互动的好方法。语言的足够量的输入有多种形式,可以是看课外书籍,英文报纸,而背诵也是其中的一个重要途径。只有在足够量的输入后才会有输出,才能有借鉴。在目前学生课业负担普遍较重的情况下大多数学生是不会背的,少数自觉的、基础好点的学生回家背也要花上很多时间。简单的逐字逐句的背诵既加重学生负担,又影响了

其他学科学习,课堂教学是有目的的讲实效的,引导学生在尽可能短的时间内获得尽可能多的知识和技能。所以我总是抽课堂时间引导学生背。例如:P50 What will happen if there is no water?为了让学生更好的掌握课文,我就根据小标题at home; in the countryside; in the city 引导学生背,让学生总结了在家at home 没有水会发生什么情况,有多少用途,这节共有多少句;in the countryside 没有水,动物、植物会怎么样,没有动物、植物、人又会怎么样,引导学生一段一段的背。这样中等以上的同学在课堂上就能背出来,然后两个同学互背,中下等学生结结巴巴能背出来,差的学生虽然背不出,但他们耳朵里已听熟,读也能读出来,有一定的语感。通过背课文学生就积累了语言材料,这样无论对写作还是交流都有一定的好处。在一次简单的调查中,惊喜地发现80%学生都已经意识到背诵对于自己学习英语的重要性,而且有利于不断增强自己的语感。这实际上也是一种知识的迁移,通过背课文学习语言结构和语言表达,进行仿写、仿说,学生把所学的语言融会贯通,用自己的话进行表达,使写作质量、深度都有了一定程度的提高。

实践证明,中学长篇英语文章教学在牛津教材中是一个难点,只有通过运用归纳、提问、复述、背诵的教学手段,改变长篇文章的枯燥性,引导学生由被动消极转变为自发的主动参与,这样学生才会有高效的学习,有效的培养学生的综合语言能力,使学生“乐在学中”。

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