国际商务英语复习要点
国际商务英语学科考试复习要点
Lesson 1 International Business
商务术语：
FDI GDP BOT patent copyright value chain franchising (紫色书10-11页)
考点：
国际商务贸易的主要类型（major types of international business）
A．Trade（贸易）：a. commodity trade (商品贸易,也叫有形贸易visible trade )
b. service trade (服务贸易, 也叫无形贸易invisible trade)
B. Investment (投资): a. foreign direct investment (FDI 外国直接投资)
b. portfolio investment (证券投资)
C. Other types (其他类型): a. licensing and franchising (国际许可与特许经营)
b. management contract and contract manufacturing (管理合同和承包生产)
翻译练习:
1. 随着经济全球化的发展,无形贸易即使在发展中国家的国际贸易中所占的比例也逐渐增大
With the development of economic globalization, invisible trade accounts for an increasing proportion of the world trade even in the developing countries
2. BOT是“交钥匙”工程的一种流行的变通形式
BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project
Lesson 2 Income Level and the World Market
商务术语:
GNP PPP ( purchasing power parity 购买力平价) Staple goods (大路货)
creditor country ( 债权国) (紫色书25页)
考点:
国民生产总值和国内生产总值(GNP 和GDP)
GNP: refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy
GDP: refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.
Per capita income (人均收入): It is calculated by dividing its national income by its population
Triad and Quad (三方组合和四方组合): A. United States
B. Western Europe
C. Japan
D. Canada
翻译练习:
1. 国民生产总值和国内生产总值体现了一个国家的全部收入,在衡量国民收入方面可以互换使用。
GNP and G DP indicate a country’s total income. They can be used interchangeably to measure the level of its national income.
2. 欧盟作为三方组合的一个分支，在使我们的市场多元化方面起着相当重要的作用EU, as one leg of Triad, plays an important role in the respect of diversifying our market
Lesson 3 Regional Economic Integration
商务术语:
tariff rates(关税率) settlement (协议) cartel (卡特尔) free trade area
NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement北美自由贸易协定) 紫色书41页
考点:
1. 地区一体化的主要目标(Major objectives of regional integration)
To better enjoy the benefit of free flow of goods, services, capital, labor and other resources, at the same time possibly put up barriers to economic activities with non-members
2. 地区经济一体化的四个层次( Four levels of regional economic integration)
A. Free trade area (自由贸易区)----经济一体化程度低,内部团结,但各成员对外采用各自的贸易政策
B. Customs Union (关税同盟)---所有成员对外都实行相同的贸易政策
C. Common market (共同市场)---共同的对外政策,生产要素也在各成员国间流动
D. Economic union( 经济联盟)----经济一体化程度最高, 共同的对外政策,生产要素也. 在各成员国间流动, 统一协调各国在经济金融领域的
国内政策,统一货币
3. 掌握EU (欧洲联盟) , APEC(亚太经济合作组织). OPEC (石油输出国组织)
翻译练习:
1. 共同市场具有使商品, 服务,劳动力甚至资本,技术在各成员国之间自由流通的特点.
The common market is characterized by the free flow of capital and technology besides goods, services and labor.
2. 欧盟是一个机构齐全的实体,其历史可以追溯到1952年.
The European Union is a full-fledged entity, whose history dates back to 1952.
Lesson 4 Economic Globalization
商务术语:
Shareholders（股东），board of directors（董事会），parent company（母公司），affiliate （子公司），day-to-day running（日常管理），multinational corporation（跨国公司），home country（母公司所在国），host country（东道国）紫色书63-64页
考点：
1．经济全球化的基本特征和优劣势：
A．Basic feature：a. free flow of commodity，capital，technology，service and information
b. optimized allocation of resources（资源优化配置）
B. Advantages and negative impacts:
Advantages: a. new impetus and opportunities to world economic development
b. mutual benefits from economic booms
Negative impacts: a. make countries more vulnerable to the adverse events across the global
b. not balanced benefits
3. 跨国公司(multinational corporations)
A. organization---parent and affiliates (组织----母公司与子公司)
B. features: a. enormous size b. wide geographical spread (广阔的地域分布)
c. needs ,goals and roles (需要, 目标和作用): profits, security
C. four types: a. multi-domestic corporation
b. global corporation
c. transnational corporation
d. world company
4. 翻译:
a. 经济全球化使得各国经济更容易受到全球各地不利事件的伤害。
Economic globalization is making the various economies more vulnerable to the adverse events across the globe.
b. 安全对任何一个跨国企业而言都极为重要,因为没有安全,跨国企业组织的生存便无法保证。
Security is extremely important to any MNE because without it, an MNE’s survival can never be
assured.
Lesson 5-6 International Trade (1) (2)
商务术语:
services(劳务), primary commodities(初级产品), absolute advantage(绝对利益), comparative advantage(比较利益), quota(配额), customs union(关税同盟), ad valorem duty(从价税), specific duties(从量税), drawback(退税), MFN(最惠国待遇), non-tariff barrier(非关税壁垒).紫色书: 90页110页
考点:
1. 国际贸易的定义(definition):
It refers to the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another
2. 国际贸易的两个缘由( Two reasons for international trade)
a. the uneven distribution of natural resources among countries
b. international specialization(国际专业化)
3. 国际专门化的两个理论(Two theories for international specialization)
a. The theory of absolute advantage(绝对利益理论):
a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land, and labour)
b. The theory of comparative advantage(相对对利益理论):
Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of producing both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.
4. 关税壁垒和非关税壁垒( tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers)
a. tariff barriers: export duty(进口税), import duty(出口税), ----specific duties 从量税
ad valorem duty. 从价税
Compound duty 混合税
b. non-tariff barriers: quotas----the most common form of non-tariff barriers
5. 翻译练习
a. 比较优势理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石
Comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade
b．关税壁垒是限制贸易最常见的形式
Tariff barriers are the most common forms of trade restriction.
Lesson 7 Incoterms 2000
商务术语：
EDI (电子数据交换)，customers clearance (结关)，dispatch (发运)，ICC（国际商会）
Roll-on-roll-off(滚装滚卸), incoterms (国际贸易通则)，FOB(起运港船上交货价)，CFR (成本加运费价)，CIF (成本加运费加保险费价) 紫色书132-133页
考点:
1.《国际贸易术语解释通则》的必要性和目的The necessity and purpose of having Incoterms
The purpose of INCOTERMS is to provide a set of international rules for the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade and avoid uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries.
3. 三个最常用术语(The three most commonly used terms)
FOB: Free on Board 装运港船上交货
CFR: Cost and Freight 成本加运费
CIR: Cost, Insurance and Freight 成本,保险费,加运费
翻译练习:
a. 折扣是指卖方按照商品的原价给买方以一定比率的价格减让
Discount means that sellers offer to buyers a certain percentage of reduction on the original price.
b. 买卖双方在制定合同时,如果有理解一致的具体规则可供参照,他们就肯定能简单可靠地确定各自的责任
If, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have some commonly understood rules to specifically refer to, they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely.
Lesson 8 Business Contract
商务术语:
Inquiry(询盘,询价), quotation(报价单), validity period(有效期), offer(发盘), counter-offer(还盘), offeree(收盘人), sales confirmation(销售确认书), Consignment(寄售), fore majeure(不可抗力), business line(业务范围), contract proper(合同正文), article number(货号).紫书150-151页
考点:
1.合同的定义(definition)
A contract is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties
2.谈判过程及签定合同(the process of negotiation and the conclusion of the contract)
inquiry--àquotation---> offer and acceptance-àcounter-offer
3.合同的种类(The types of contracts)
a. sales contract
b.purchase contract
c.sales confirmation
4. 合同的构成(the setting up of a contract)
a. the title (合同名称)
b. the contract proper(合同正文)
c. The signature of the contracting parties(缔约双方签字)
d. The stipulations on the back of the contract(合同背面的规定)
翻译练习:
a. 在实盘情况下,我们通常保留有效期三天
In case of firm offers, we usually keep our offers open for three days
Lesson 9 Modes of Trade
商务术语:
Counter trade(对销贸易), hyperinflation(极度通货膨胀), Reichstock（德国国家银行），protectionism（贸易保护主义），Clearing system(票据交换制度), net positions(净头寸), compensation trade(补偿贸易), barter(易货贸易), counter purchase(互购贸易)
Buyback(回购贸易), centrally planned economies(中央计划经济国家), processing trade(加工贸易), consignment(寄售贸易), leasing trade(租赁贸易)，aution(竞卖／拍卖), agency(代理) 174-175页
考点：
1.对销贸易的主要优点(major advantages of counter trade)
a. helping to deal with foreign exchange shortages
b. promoting exports
c, reducing uncertainty regarding export receipts
d.bypassing international price agreement
e. helping countries with debt problems to import goods
3. 对销贸易的缺点(the drawbacks of counter trade)
a. very risky business (conceal the real prices and costs of transactions)
b. Companies may suffer losses because they could not get rid of products of poor quality
c. a form of proctectionism
翻译练习
a. “互相捆绑”是易货贸易,回购贸易和互惠贸易的共同特征
“Bundling” is the feature common to barter, counter purchase and buyback.
b. 作为一种捆绑贸易,对销贸易一般是在成熟市场经济国家和市场机制不完善的国家间发生的贸易
As a type of bundled trade, counter trade generally takes place between mature market economies and economies with imperfect market institution..
Lesson10 International Payment
商务词汇:
debtor(债务人), debit(收方/借方), financial standing(财务状况), credit worthiness(信誉), periodic payment(分期付款), cash in advance(预付现金),usance draft(远期汇票), documentary draft(跟单汇票), clean draft(光票), documentary collection(跟单托收), D/P(付款交单), D/A(承兑交单).194-195页
考点:
1. 国际贸易支付的复杂性(the complexity of payment in international trade):
Mutual trust is hard to build. Both the exporter and the importer face various political risks, commercial risks etc.
2. 在一定条件下的两种支付方法:
a. cash in advance or partial cash in advance (预付现金和部分预付现金)
b.open account(记账交易)
3. 汇票(the draft/ bill of exchange)
a. definition: an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future
b. sign draft and usance draft (即期汇票和远期汇票)
c. clean draft (光票:汇票不附单据) and documentary draft (跟单汇票:随同汇票一起的有相关的单据,如提单,发票,保险单)
4. 跟单拖收(documentary collection)
a. D/P: 付款交单: documents will not be released to the importer until payment is effected
b. D/A: 承兑交单: documents handed over to the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter
翻译练习:
a. 许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的,汇票是对银行或顾客的支付命令
A lot of international transactions are paid for by means of the draft that is an order to a bank or a customer to pay
b. 即期汇票要求受票人见到汇票后立即付款
A sight draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.
Lesson11-12 Credit (1),(2)
商务术语:
Applicant (申请人), opening bank(开证行), corresponding bank(关系行), advising bank(通知行), confirming bank(保兑行). Reimburse(付款), unit price(单价), partial shipment(分批装运). Clean credit(光票信用证), revocable credit(可撤消信用证), irrevocable credit(不可撤消信用证). Maturity(到期日,偿还日), capital turnover(资金周转率), face value(面值), discount(贴现), deferred payment(延期付款), revolving credit(循环信用证). 紫色书220页345页
考点:
1.信用证独特的具有代表性的特征
The bilateral security—双边保证
2.信用证的相关当事人及其在信用证业务中的作用---联系淘宝的例子
A. the applicant (开证)
B. the opening bank(开证行)
C. the advising bank(通知行)
D. the negotiating bank(议付行)
E. the confirming bank(保兑行)
4. 信用证的局限性(limitation)
a. inability to provide absolute security
b. being more expensive than other forms of payment
翻译练习
1. 信用证的目的是通过银行信誉为国际支付提供便利
The objective of an L/C is to facilitate international payment by means of the creditworthness of the bank.
2. 信用证极大地方便并促进了国际贸易,然而它并不能给缔约双方提供绝对安全
The letter of credit has greatly facilitated and promoted international trade. However, it can not provide absolute security for the contracting parties.
Lesson13 Major Documents Required in World Trade
商务术语:
Documents(单据), take delivery of (提货), bill of lading(提单). Consignee(收获人), air bill(空运提单), cargo receipt(铁路运单), commercial invoice(商业发票), certificate of quality(品质证书). Insurance policy(保险单) 紫色书上269页
考点:
1,主要单据(major types of documents)
a. commercial invoice 商业发票
b. packing list 装相单
c. the bill of lading 提单
d.insurance policy and insurance certificate 保险单和保险证书
e.various certificate 其它各种证书
翻译练习:
1. 提单的签发日期绝不能晚于信用证所规定的时间
The date when the bill of lading is issued can by no means be later than that stipulated in the credit
2. 货物一装上船,请即电告收发人
You are requested to notify the consignee by cable as soon as the goods are shipped.
Lesson14 International Transportation
商务术语:
Finished products (制成品), deregulation(撤消管制规定), productivity(生产率), cost economies(成本节约), intermediate products(中间产品), natural product provinces(产品自然领域), Inventory(存货,库存), freight transportation(货物运输) 紫色书292页
考点:
1.五种主要运输方式The five major modes of transportation
Water ,rail, truck, pipeline, and air
2.改变运输业的四大因素The four factors that are substantially changing transportation
a. transportation deregulation
b. just-in-time inventory systems
c. competition based on high level of customer service
d. globalization of business
翻译练习:
a.在当前市场竞争十分激烈的情况下,出口商必须加快货运,以快取胜
At a time when competition is fierce, exporters can beat their competitors by speeding up shipment.
b.运输对工业社会的发展和运行起着至关重要的作用
Transportation is fundamental to the development and operation of an industrial society.
Lesson15-16 Insurance (1), (2)
商务术语:
Insured(保户), Insurer(承保人), margin(保险金), underwriter(保险商), pool(共同款项), cargo insurance(运输保险), marine insurance(海上保险), indemnity(赔偿), ruin(损失), insurable interests(可保险权), principle of utmost faith(最大诚信原则), forwarding charge(远期费用) 紫色书307,322页
考点:
1.保险的定义(definition)’
It can be defined as a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk
2.保险的三个主要原则(Three main principles of insurance)
a. insurable interest
b. utmost good faith
c. indemnity
两个辅助原则(two sub-principle of insurance)
a. contribution
b. suborgation
翻译练习:
a. 货物保险通常有火险, 海上保险和意外事故保险
Cargo insurance includes fire, marine and accident insurance.
b. 没有可保利益的保险合同是无效的。而任何根据这类合同提出的所赔都不会受理
An insurance contract without an insurable interest to support it is invalid and any claim made upon it will not be entertained
Lesson 17 The International Monetary System and Exchange Rate
商务术语：
Change of rate（汇率），gold standard（金本位），reserve currency（储备货币），clean float （自由浮动），dirty float（有干预浮动），discount（贴现），medial rate（中间价）
考点：
1汇率（exchange rate）
A．fixed exchange rate
B．flexible exchange rate
C．major factors influencing exchange rate：a international balance of payment
b.inflation
c.interest rate
D. Common measures for intervention in exchange rate
a. buying or selling foreign currency
b. raising or lowering discount rate
c. foreign exchange control
翻译练习:
尽管国际收支账面平衡,但在有错误与遗漏项目时,差额是非常庞大的,每一项都会有盈余或赤字,如果在3年或5年期间盈余抵消了亏损.则仍然认为国际收支是平衡的。
While the balance of payment is always in accounting balance，the odds are astronomical that it would be so without the statistical discrepancy item. There would be a surplus or a deficit in almost every case, but the balance of payment would nevertheless be considered in equilibrium if over three-to-five year period the surpluses more or less canceled out the deficits.
从18-20课,商务术语请参照紫色书上每课后面的商务词汇复习,记一些常见的
Lesson 18 International Financial Organization
重点:
1.The world bank group(世界银行集团)
a.组成: IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMF.MIGA
b.目标: to help raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them from developed countries
2.IBRD(国际复兴开发银行)
a. source of capital: member countries
b.financing of its lending operation: from the world capital markets
c.target countries: developing countries at more advanced level
d,basic rules governing its operation: for productive purpose/ repayment
3. IDA(国家开发协会): targets: the poorer developing countries,
basic rules governing its operation: no interests
4. IFC(国际金融公司):
Function: to assist the economic development of less-developed countries
5. MIGA(多边投资担保机构):
Mandate：to encourage equity investment and other direct investment flows to developing countries
6．IMF（国际货币基金组织）
a．the importance of the quota
b．function：providing temporary financing for countries suffering cyclical，seasoned or random
shocks that would weaken its currency.
翻译练习:
不同于世界银行,国际开发协会无法从竞争的资本市场上筹集资金,取而代之的是它靠发达国家和一些欠发达国家捐赠的资金。
Unlike the world bank, the IDA cannot raise capital in competitive capital markets and depends instead on subscription donated by the developed countries and some undeveloped countries.
Lesson19-22(刚上课不久, 简概)
1.对外直接投资的主要因素major factors for undertaking FDI 紫书379
2.对外直接投资的形式forms of FDI 紫书382
3. 政券交易所的作用the role of stock exchange 紫书401
国内普通股市包括的三个市场Three areas for the Domestic Equity Market紫书402-403
4. WTO与GATT 的区别紫书422
5, WTO与China( achievements and challenges) 紫书424-426
6贸发会的目标objectives of UNCTAD 紫书453
自考国际商务英语
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电汇TT telegraphic transfer 订购place an order 不同付款方式propose a different payment 订好货位book the freight space 电传telex 付全款remit the full amount 打包装船packed and shipped 尚有存货in stock 提货单一式两份bill of lading in duplicate 发票面值120%的保险单the insurance policy for 120% of invoice value 部分装运partial shipment 直航direct sailing 库存货品the goods in stock 请参看we refer to\
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International Business English Lesson 1 International Business/国际商务 Business Knowledge: The major differences between international business and domestic business A.Differences in legal systems 法律体系 B.Differences in currencies 货币 C? Differences in cultural background D? Different in natural and economic conditions The major types of international business A.Trade https://www.360docs.net/doc/e517076404.html,modity trade 商品贸易 b? Service trade B.In vestment a.Foreign direct investment b.Portfolio investment 证券投资 C.Other types a. Licensing and franchising许可经营和特许经营 b? Management contract and contract manufacturing 管理合同和承包生产 c.Turnkey project and BOT Trade Terms: 1.Customs iirea 关税区： 2.Conversion货币兑换 3.Visible trade 有形贸易：The form of commodity trade, i.c. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for con sumption or resale in another, (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade) 4.Invisible trade 无形贸易：The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.
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商务英语单词 economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 经济 mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的 initial capital 创办资本 frozen capital 冻结资金 frozen assets 冻结资产 fixed assets 固定资产 real estate 不动产,房地产
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新编国际商务英语阅读教程译文
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国际商务英语单词
Unit1 customs area visible trade invisible trade gross domestic product （GDP） portfolio investment stocks bonds certificate of deposit licensing franchising trademark patent royalty copyright licensor licensee franchiser franchisee management contract value chain contract manufacturing turnkey project BOT （Build Operate Transfer）intellectual property Unit2 national income GNP(Gross National Product） per capita income PPP(purchasing power parity) consumerism income distribution Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development infrastructure Commonwealth of Independent States staple goods creditor country ASEAN factors of production 关税区 有形贸易 无形贸易 国内生产总值证券投资 股票 债券 大额存单 许可经营 特许经营 商标 专利 专利使用费，许可使用费，版税版权 给予许可的人 接受许可的人 给予特许的人 接受特许的人 管理合同 价值链 承包生产 “交钥匙”工程 建设、经营、移交 知识产权 国民收入 国民生产总值 人均收入 购买力平价 消费，消费主义 收入分布 经济合作与发展组织 基础设施 独立国家联合体（独联体） 大路货 债权国 东南亚国家联盟 生产要素 economic integration put up barriers free trade area tariff rates quota restrictions North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) customs union common market sovereign state political entity
国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)-期末复习
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activity n. 业务类型 actual adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的adapt v. 修改，适应 adjust v. 整理，使适应 administration n. 实施，经营，行政administer v. 管理，实施 adopt v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v. 公布，做广告 ad n. 做广告，登广告 advertisement n. 出公告，做广告advertising n. 广告业 after-sales service n. 售后服务agenda n. 议事日程 agent n. 代理人，经纪人 allocate v. 分配，配给 amalgamation n. 合并，重组 ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心 *amortise v. 摊还 analyse v 分析，研究 analysis n. 分析，分析结果的报告analyst n. 分析家，化验员 annual adj. 每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting (AGM) 股东年会anticipate v. 期望
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自考05844国际商务英语词汇部分
Unit 1: P7 Transaction 交易customs area 关税区in compliance with 遵从；遵照conversion 货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale 转售 gross domestic product国内生产总值invisible trade 无形贸易for short 缩写为 account for 占…比例headquarters 总部trap 陷阱，圈套 portfolio investment 证券投资stocks 股票bonds 债券 maturity （票据等）到期，到期日certificate of deposit 大额存单licensing许可经营franchising 特许经营trademark 商标advisable 可行的；适当的 patent 专利royalty 专利使用费；版税copyright 版税 licensor 给予许可的人licensee 接受许可的人franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人logo 标志；标记management contract 管理合同 expertise 专门知识bonus 红利；津
贴；奖金flat 一律的，无变动的 value chain 价值链contract manufacturing 承包工程turnkey project “交钥匙”工程 BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设、经营、移交stand for 代表；表示variant 变形/体 Unit 2: P23 potential 潜力clue 线索national income 国民收入 GNP 国民生产总值per capita income 人均收入bulk 大量的；大宗的 PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义income distribution 收入分布Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织 infra structure 基础设施Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体 staple goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球 observation（经观察而得到的）看法haven 避风港；安全之地spur 促进；刺激
国际商务英语-名词解释doc资料
国际商务英语-名词解 释
Lesson 1 Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade) Invisible trade无形贸易: The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries. FDI( foreign direct investments) is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds. Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest. Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Franchising特许经营: a firm called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. Franchiser特许方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty. Franchisee被特许方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another. Management contract管理合同: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing , contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion . International investment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one country to another. International business国际商务: Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export. BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build, O for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project , a firm operate a facility for a period of time after bulding it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company . Lesson 2 GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy. Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值: It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers. Income distribution收入分布: The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people. capability at/in cost for/of at reasonable costs levied on take into account without reference to (不针对) make efforts to engage in Lesson 3 Free trade area自由贸易区: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policy Customs union关税同盟: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policy Common market共同市场: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy. Economic Union (EU)经济同盟: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency. Lesson 4
05844国际商务英语国际商务英语商务术语总结
05844国际商务英语国际商务英语商务术语总 结 Lesson 11.Customs area关税区: 2.Conversion货币兑换 3.Visible trade有形贸易: The form of modity trade, i.e.exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.(including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade) 4.Invisible trade无形贸易: The form of transportation, munication, banking,insurance, consulting, information etc.is called invisible trade or service industries. 5.FDI外国直接投资: Foreign direct investments.Returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country./
P.256.One country acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them. 6.Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. 7.Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds. 8.Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.9. Maturity（票据等）到期 10.Certificate of deposit大额存单 11.Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country.They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive ine in the form of royalty. 12.Franchising特许经营:
关于自考05844国际商务英语课文必考词汇短语
Transaction 交易customs area 关税区 in compliance with 遵从conversion 货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale 转售 gross domestic product国内生产总值invisible trade 无形贸易for short 缩写为account for 占…比例headquarters 总部trap 陷阱，圈套 portfolio investment 证券投资stocks 股票 bonds 债券maturity （票据等）到期，到期日certificate of deposit 大额存单licensing许可经营 franchising 特许经营trademark 商标 advisable 可行的patent 专利royalty 专利使用费；copyright 版税licensor 给予许可的人 licensee 接受许可的人franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人logo 标志；标记management contract 管理合同 expertise 专门知识bonus 红利；津贴；奖金 flat 一律的，无变动的value chain 价值链 contract manufacturing 承包工程 turnkey project “交钥匙”工程clue 线索 BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设经营移交stand for 代表variant 变形/体potential 潜力national income 国民收入bulk 大量的；大宗的 GNP 国民生产总值per capita income 人均收入PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义income distribution 收入分布 Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织 infra structure 基础设施Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体 staple goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球observation（经观察而得到的）看法haven 避风港；安全之地spur 促进creditor country 债权国proximity 临近ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟witness 亲历economic integration 经济一体化liberalize 使自由put up barriers 设置障碍fall under分成几部分free trade area自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定customs union 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行common market 共同市场adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元erode 侵蚀autonomy 自治sovereign state 主权国家political entity 政治实体set the stage of 为、、做准备；促成monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的landmark 地标；里程碑signatory 签字国；签字人settlement 结算banknotes 纸币；钞票circulation货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构European Commission欧盟委员会veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员council of ministers 部长理事会empower 授予权力 multi-polarization 多极化tenet 原则；宗旨Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议 cartel 卡特尔，联盟OPEC 石油输出国组织 globalization 全球化frequency 频繁，频率 interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元 素value 价值观acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩 adverse 不利的；反对的controversial 引起争议的 instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化 facilities 设施；设备；工具label 把称为；把归类 employ 用；使用assets 资产incorporate 吸收；合并 purpot 声称；自称headquarters 总部 international economic environment国际经济环境 double digit 两位数字survival 继续生存 embark（on）开始；从事gigantic 庞大的；巨大的 intervene 干预；干涉technical improvements 技术进 步derivation 获得day-to-day running 日常管理 decentralize 分散；放下（权利）wield 操控；控制 jurisdiction 权利；管理范围vehicle 工具；手段 delegate power to…对、、、授权affiliate 分支机构； 附属机构mover 原动力，推动力define 下定义 services 劳务distri natural resources 自然资源 abundant 丰富的scarce缺少，缺乏primary commodities 初级产品incentive 刺激 specialization 专业化constitute 构成，形成remainder 剩余的，余数hold 认为in terms of 在…方面 illustrate 说明table 表格，图表assume 假设 efficient 有效的，效率高的occur 发生，产生law 规 则，法则even if 即使disadvantage 不利with respect to 关exploit 利用，开发static 静止的 endowment of nature 自然的赋予up-to-date 现代的， 新式的intuitive 直觉的，直观的appeal 吸引力 absolute adantage 绝对利益comparative advantage 比较利益strategic 战略的reduce 减少bulky 笨 重的，庞大的perishable 易碎的protectionist 保护主 义的barrier障碍typical 典型的tariffs 关税 quota 配额levy 征收，收取coincide 巧合；偶合 customs union 关税联盟import duties 进口关税 export duties 出口关税ad valorem 按价；从价 specific 从量的compound duties 复税，混合关税 drawback 退税refund 偿还；退还 most-favoured-nation（MFN）treatment 最惠国待遇 signatory 签字国concession让步tariff schedule 税率 表；税则non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒impose 加强 unilaterally 单方面地label 标签，标记，标号 voluntary 自动的，主动的forthcoming 即将到来的 meaning of transport 运输工具inland water vessels 内 河船只maritime 海洋的cargo compartment 货仓 charter租fleet 舰队insurance保险 vulnerable 脆弱的collision 碰撞pilferage 偷窃 explosion 爆炸place of historical interest 古迹 accommodations 膳宿供应immigrant 移民 remittance 汇款undertake 承担 climate 环境气氛；风气degenerate 变坏；衰退 deal 交易draw up 制定；拟就respective 各 自的；分别的subsequent 随后的，后来的 interpretation 解释；说明trade terms 贸易术语； 交易条件trading practices 贸易惯例 litigation 诉讼，诉争entail 使人承担；使成为必要 amendment 修正案；修正条款 addition 增加部分revise 修正；修改 unitization 使成为一个单位maritime 海的；海上的 consolidate 统一，合并render使得；使成为 negotiable 可转让的；可流通的vital 极其重要的， 必不可少的whereby 凭借那个，借以premises 生产 场所；经营场所disposal 处理departure 离开，启程， 出发quay 码头substantive 实质性的 set forth 陈述；阐明binding 有约束力的 enforceable可实施的sue起诉trade fairs 商品交易 会trunk call 长途电话enquiry 询盘；询价 quotation 报价voluntarily 主动地，自愿地 indispensable 必不可少的validity period 有效期 offer还盘unbinding 无约束力的invalid 无 效的sales contract 销售合同 sales （purchase）confirmation 售货（购货）确认书 setting up 构成，结构，格式consignment 寄售 contracting parties 缔约方force majeure不可抗力 arbitration 仲裁cotton piece good 棉布 cotton yarns 棉纱hereby 于此hereunder 于下 article number 货号yard 码overleaf 反面 bleached 漂白的counter trade 对销贸易；反对贸易 allegedly被说成；据说phenomenon 现象 terminology 术语generic 总称的 net positions 实际寸头adduce 引证 empirical 以经验为根据的reciprocal 互惠的；互相 hyperinflation极度通货膨胀literally 照字地 disarray 混乱conceptually 概念上地European Payment Union 欧洲支付联盟pre-specify 预先说明 competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值in essence 实质上的intertemporal 不同时的be tied to 固定于 photocopying machine 复印机 intriguing引起兴趣的，有迷惑力的concurrently 同时 发生的 a fraction of一点儿；一部分 verify 一部分sophisticated 经验丰富的bypass 避开；置、、、于不顾expertise 专门知识leverage 杠杆 作用tap 开发；开辟conceal 掩盖；隐藏 perpetuate 使永久存在processing trade 加工贸易 consignment 寄售赁agency 代理domestic 国内的