高考英语试题真题分类汇编语法填空

高考英语试题真题分类汇编语法填空
高考英语试题真题分类汇编语法填空

高考英语试题真题分类汇编语法填空

一、语法填空

1.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A hotel chain is employing human bed warmers to help guests get a good night's sleep. ________ (dress) in special all-in-one sleeping suits, the walking electric blankets are sent to warm the beds of guests staying at the Holiday Inn ________ they get under the covers.

Dr Chris Idzikowski, ________ (direct) of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre, said the idea could help people get off to sleep. He ________ (explain) that "There's plenty of scientific evidence to show that sleep starts at the beginning of the night ________ body temperature starts to drop. The drop occurs partly because the blood vessels (血管) ________ the hands, face and feet open up and release heat." "A warm bed –approximately 20 to 24 degrees Celsuis –is ________ good way to start this process while a cold bed isn't. It helps people sleep well especially as it's taking much ________ (long) for them to warm up when they come in from the snow."

Dr Chris Idzikowski and ________ (he) colleague Jane Bednall said the idea was like "having a giant hot water bottle in your bed". The five-minute free bed warming sessions will be tried out in London and Manchester ________ the end of next month.

【答案】 Dressed;before;director;explained;when;of;a;longer;his;at

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一款新发明的暖床器以及使用暖床器的好处。

(1)考查非谓语动词。句意:行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。动词dress与这句话的主语the walking electric blankets之间是被动关系,故填Dressed。

(2)考查状语从句。句意:行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。根据句意,客人睡觉之前需要暖床,故填before。

(3)考查名词。句意:爱丁堡睡眠中心的主任Chris Idzikowski博士说,这个办法能帮助人们更好地入睡。空格前是一个人名,两个逗号之间的部分是这个人名的同位语,所以应填一个表示人的名词。故填director。

(4)考查时态。句意:他解释,有充分科学依据显示,入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。由上一句中said使用的是一般过去时可知,这句话也应使用一般过去时。故填explained。

(5)考查定语从句。句意:他解释,有充分科学依据显示,入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。根据句意,这是一个定语从句,先行词为the beginning of the night,并且先行词在从句中做时间状语,故填关系词when。

(6)考查介词。句意:人体温度之所以会下降,部分原因在于,(这时)人的手部、脸部以及脚部的血管开始扩张,散发了热量。空前前后都是名词,所以空格处应填介词,the blood vessels与the hands之间属于所属关系,故填of。

(7)考查冠词。句意:温暖的床(温度大约在20到24摄氏度之间)有助于人们入睡而冰冷的床则会妨碍人们入睡。空格位于谓语动词后,空格后为一个可数单数名词短语,所以空格处应填不定冠词。“good”是以辅音音素开始的,故填a。

(8)考查形容词。句意:它能帮助人们睡得更好,特别是当他们从大雪天进来,要花更长的时间才能让被窝暖和起来的时候。根据句意,这句话强调天冷的时候,要花更长的时间才能让被窝暖和起来,故填形容词比较级比较合适。故填longer。

(9)考查代词。句意:Chris Idzikowski博士和他的同事Jane Bednall说,这个主意就像是“往你的被窝儿里放个大热水瓶。”空格后是一个但数名词,且colleague与Chris Idzikowski 之间是所属关系,所以应填形容词性的物主代词。Chris Idzikowski是男士,故填his。(10)考查介词。句意:这个五分钟就能暖床的环节这个月底将在伦敦与曼彻斯特实行。at the end of固定短语,“在……末端; 在……的结尾”,故填at。

【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词,状语从句,名词,时态,定语从句,介词,冠词,形容词,代词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

2.Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Phone-surfing Results in More Purchases

Leaving your mobile phone at home when you go shopping could prevent mindless overspending, a new study suggests. Research from the University of Bath discovered that when people are distracted by their mobiles during a trip to the supermarket their shopping bills ________ rise by an average of 41 per cent. Attention-weakening devices also encourage shoppers to wander along more shelves, ________they come across more products.

In one study, 294 people aged between 18 and 73 at four Swedish supermarkets wore eye-tracking glasses throughout a shopping trip to measure where they went and ________they looked at. Their receipts were then used ________(assess) their spending. Those using a mobile phone spent on average £33.73 compared to an average of £23.91 for those who did not.

A second study of 117 shoppers found those with mobile phones spent longer in the store, ________(give) more attention to shelves. They also spent an average of £36. This study found shoppers using a mobile phone spent on average £36.16 on 20.85 items, compared to £25.59 on 13.22 products.

Dr Carl-Philip Ahlbom, of the University of Bath's School of Management said: "Business owners have tended to worry that mobiles distract shoppers from spending money, ________we were amazed to find completely the reverse effect." The findings were very clear - the more time you spend on your phone, the more money you'll part ________.

"So if you're trying to budget, ________(leave) your phone in your pocket. It's not the phone ________that causes more purchases, but its impact on our focus." Researchers believe people spend more because using a phone distracts people from their ________(plan) lists.

【答案】can/may/might;where;what;to assess;having given/giving;but;with;leave;itself;planned

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,研究发现手机上网会导致更多的购买行为。

(1)考查情态动词。句意:巴斯大学的研究发现,当人们在超市购物时被手机分心时,他们的购物账单平均会(可能)上涨41%。空后是动词原形,此处需要填情态动词,根据句意可知此处表示“会、可能”,故填 can/may/might。

(2)考查定语从句。句意:削弱注意力的设备也鼓励购物者在更多的货架之间走来走去,在那里他们会遇到更多的产品。此处为非限定性定语从句,关系词指代先行词shelves 并在从句中作地点状语,故填where。

(3)考查宾语从句。句意:在一项研究中,瑞典四家超市的294名年龄在18岁至73岁之间的人在整个购物过程中都戴着眼睛跟踪眼镜,以测量他们去了哪里,看了什么。此处为宾语从句,从句中的looked at缺少宾语,故填what。

(4)考查非谓语动词。句意:然后他们的收据被用来评估他们的支出。sth.be used to do 表示“某物被用来做……”,故填to assess。

(5)考查非谓语动词。句意:第二项针对117名购物者的研究发现,那些拥有手机的人在商店里呆的时间更长,对货架的关注度更高。“关注货架”这一动作既可理解为与“呆在商店里”同时发生,也可理解为先于“呆在商店里”,所以既可用现在分词的一般式也可用现在分词的完成式作状语,故填having given/giving。

(6)考查连词。句意:企业主往往担心手机会分散购物者花钱的注意力,但我们惊奇地发现完全相反的效果。根据句意可知前后是转折关系,故填but。

(7)考查介词。句意:你在手机上花的时间越多,你花的钱就越多。part with固定短语“舍得、交出”,故填with。

(8)考查祈使句。句意:所以如果你想谨慎花钱的话,把手机放在口袋里。此处为祈使句,用动词原形,故填leave。

(9)考查代词。句意:不是手机本身导致了更多的购买行为,而是它对我们的注意力的影响。根据“the phone”可知此处指“它本身”,故填itself。

(10)考查非谓语动词。句意:研究人员认为,人们之所以花钱更多,是因为使用手机会分散人们对计划清单的注意力。lists与plan之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作定语,故填planned。

【点评】本题考点涉及情态动词,定语从句,宾语从句,非谓语动词,连词,介词,祈使句以及代词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

3.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

The powerful Hurricane Barry weakened but remained a weather nightmare on Tuesday. It ________ (strike) parts of Arkansas with at least six________ (inch) of rain and caused flash flooding that drowned ________animal shelter and killed a puppy.

Heavy rains were falling. The Humane Society of Clark County issued an SOS after flooding drowned its recently rebuilt shelter. "SOS! We are flooded. It's on the building! "the official said in a Facebook post. "We need help! Can any of you keep a dog ________two at your houses? Help! Help! Help!" Video from the scene showed wet dogs wandering loose in the shelter, the floor covered in water. Many offered their homes and yards ________the animals. A short time

________(late), the official posted an update on Facebook________(say) foster homes have been found for all 72 dogs. "We are so blessed! People from all over have come to ________ (we) rescue. Donations. Cleaning. Fostering. It's really________ (impress)." the post said. After the rainfall, a ray of sunshine shone brightly in the states ________the storm burst last week.

【答案】 struck;inches;an;or;to;later;saying;our;impressive;where

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,飓风袭击了阿肯色州的部分地区,并引发了山洪暴发,淹没了一家动物收容所,导致一只小狗死亡。一名官员在Facebook上请求人们救助小狗,为所有72只狗找到了寄养家庭的故事。

(1)考查时态。句意:它袭击了阿肯色州的部分地区,带来了至少6英寸的降雨,并引发了山洪暴发,淹没了一家动物收容所,导致一只小狗死亡。根据上文可知飓风发生在星期四,应用一般过去时。故填struck。

(2)考查名词。句意:它袭击了阿肯色州的部分地区,带来了至少6英寸的降雨,并引发了山洪暴发,淹没了一家动物收容所,导致一只小狗死亡。inch为可数名词,由six修饰应用复数形式。故填inches。

(3)考查冠词。句意:它袭击了阿肯色州的部分地区,带来了至少6英寸的降雨,并引发了山洪暴发,淹没了一家动物收容所,导致一只小狗死亡。animal shelter为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且animal为元音音素开头的单词。故填an。

(4)考查连词。句意:你们谁能在家里养一只或者两只狗吗?结合语境可知表示“或者”应用or,故填or。

(5)考查介词。句意:许多人把自己的家和院子提供给了这些动物。offer sth. to...固定短语“提供某物给……”,故填to。

(6)考查副词。句意:不久之后,这名官员在Facebook上更新了一条消息,称已经为所有72只狗找到了寄养家庭。表示“不久之后”短语为a short time later,故填later。

(7)考查非谓语动词。句意:不久之后,这名官员在Facebook上更新了一条消息,称已经为所有72只狗找到了寄养家庭。本句中say做非谓语动词与逻辑主语an update构成主动关系,应用现在分词,故填saying。

(8)考查代词。句意:来自世界各地的人们来救助我们。come to one's rescue固定短语,“营救某人”,结合上文we可知应填our,故填our。

(9)考查形容词。句意:这真是令人印象深刻。结合上文It's可知应填形容词作表语,故填impressive。

(10)考查定语从句。句意:雨后,一缕阳光在上周风暴爆发的各州明亮地照耀着。本句为定语从句修饰先行词state,且先行词在从句中做地点状语,故应用关系副词where。故填where。

【点评】本题考点涉及时态,名词,冠词,连词,介词,副词,非谓语动词,代词以及形容词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

4.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I remember well the first time I saw Dr. Homes. He had invited Miss Sullivan and me________(call)on him one day.

It was early in the spring, just after I had learned to speak. We________(show)at once to his library where we found him seated in a big armchair by an open fire. There was a smell of print and leather in the room________told me that it was full of books, and I stretched out my hand________(gentle) to find them. My fingers lighted upon a beautiful series ________Tennyson's poems, and when Miss Sullivan told me________it was I began to recite.

But I________(stop) suddenly. I felt tears on my hand. I had made my ________ (love) poet weep, and I felt a deep________(sad). He then made me sit in his armchair,________(bring) me different interesting things for me to examine, and at his request I recited other my favorite poems. After that I saw Dr. Holmes many times and learned to love the man as well as the poet.【答案】to call;were shown;which/that;gently;of;what;stopped;loved/beloved;sadness;bringing

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,节选自海伦凯勒的自传小说《假如给我三天光明》。作者讲述了自己很清楚地记得第一次见到奥利佛·温代尔·霍尔姆斯博士时的情景。(1)考查非谓语动词。句意:他邀请我和苏立文小姐去他家做客。invite somebody to do something,固定短语,“邀请某人做......”动词不定式做宾语补足语,故填to call。

(2)考查时态语态。句意:我们立刻被人领到了他的图书馆,他坐在图书馆里的大扶手椅上,靠着壁炉。句子的主语:We,所以是被别人领着,应该用被动语态,作者回忆已经发生过的事情,所以时态用过去式,故填were shown。

(3)考查定语从句。句意:房子里面有一股油墨和皮革的味道,这里显然到处都是书。后面的定语从句修饰先行词smell,指物,关系代词在从句中做主语,故填which/that。

(4)考查副词。句意:于是我轻轻地伸手摸索起来。副词修饰动词"stretched out",所以填gentle的副词形式,故填gently。

(5)考查介词。句意:我的指尖无意中落在了Tennyson的一套诗集上。a series of,固定短语“一套”故填of。

(6)考查宾语从句。句意:当Miss Sullivan把诗集的名字告诉我以后,我就开始背诵。动词told后跟宾语从句,宾语从句中缺少was的表语,诗集叫什么?故填what。

(7)考查时态。句意:突然间,我停止了背诵。作者回忆已经发生过的事情,时态应为一般过去式,故填stopped。

(8)考查形容词。句意:我已经使我所钟爱的诗人落泪。形容词修饰名词poet,所以填love 的形容词形式,故填loved/beloved。

(9)考查名词。句意:我也感到了巨大的忧伤。冠词和形容词都提示应该填名词,所以要填sad的名词形式,故填sadness。

(10)考查非谓语动词。句意:他让我坐在他的扶手椅上,同时,他还拿出了很多有趣的东西让我查验。he与bring在逻辑上是主动关系,所以应该用bring现在分词做伴随状语。故填bringing。

【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词,时态语态,定语从句,副词,介词,宾语从句,名词以及形容词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础

上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

5.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或摘号内单词的正确形式。

Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class________March 1st on movable type. This is________ ancient Chinese printing system.

The West Lake Primary School in Zhejiang Province introduced the course at the beginning of this new term. So far, the school________(invite) an expert in Chinese characters culture to the campus,________major responsibility is to teach students how to use the ancient printing technology. Students attend lectures on the history of movable type along with ________(interest) classes on typesetting and printing. They then print their own document, ________(apply) the knowledge they've learned. One student printed her________(new) written essay "Whether the traditional red envelopes kids receive belong to them or their parents?"________(know) as one of the four great inventions of ancient China, movable type printing ________(invent) by Bi Sheng in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty, and it is the world's first system of movable type printing.

The school said the course is aimed at improving the students' awareness of Chinese characters and their ________(appreciate) of Chinese culture.

【答案】on;an;has invited;whose;interesting;applying;newly;Known;was invented;appreciation

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道,3月1日,杭州一所小学的学生上了他们的第一节活字课的情况。该校表示,这门课程旨在提高学生的汉字意识和对中国文化的欣赏。

(1)考查介词。句意:3月1日,杭州一所小学的学生上了他们的第一节活字课。根据下文March 1st可知在具体的某一天应用介词on,故填on。

(2)考查冠词。句意:这是一个古老的中国印刷系统。system为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且ancient为元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an,填an。

(3)考查时态。句意:到目前为止,学校已经邀请了一位汉字文化专家,他的主要职责是教学生如何使用古代的印刷技术。根据上文So far可知应用现在完成时,且主语为单数名词,故填has invited。

(4)考查定语从句。句意:到目前为止,学校已经邀请了一位汉字文化专家,他的主要职责是教学生如何使用古代的印刷技术。本句为定语从句修饰先行词an expert,且先行词在从句中做定语,故填关系代词whose。

(5)考查形容词。句意:学生们参加有关活字历史的讲座,以及有关排字和印刷的有趣课程。classes为名词,指物需要-ing结尾形容词修饰,故填interesting。

(6)考查非谓语动词。句意:然后他们将所学的知识打印成自己的文档。apply做非谓语动词与逻辑主语they构成主动关系,故用现在分词,填applying。

(7)考查副词。句意:一名学生打印了她新写的论文《孩子们收到的传统红包是自己的还是父母的?》。修饰形容词written应用副词,故填newly。

(8)考查非谓语动词。句意: 活字印刷术被称为中国古代四大发明之一,活字印刷术是毕升在10世纪40年代宋朝时发明的,是世界上最早的活字印刷系统。本句中know做非谓语动

词与逻辑主语movable type printing构成被动,故用过去分词,填Known。

(9)考查时态语态。句意: 活字印刷术被称为中国古代四大发明之一,活字印刷术是毕升在10世纪40年代宋朝时发明的,是世界上最早的活字印刷系统。本句主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且根据下文in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty可知应用一般过去时,故填was invented。

(10)考查名词。句意:该校表示,这门课程旨在提高学生的汉字意识和对中国文化的欣赏。根据上文their为形容词性物主代词修饰名词,故填appreciation。

【点评】本题考点涉及介词,冠词,时态,定语从句,形容词,非谓语动词,副词,语态以及名词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇新闻报道,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

6.语法填空

It is reported ________ over 100,000 people took part in a massive parade at Beijing's Tian'anmen Square ________ the morning of Oct 1, National Day, ________ (celebrate) the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. "Participants from all walks of life and ethnic groups attended ________ceremony, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots(同胞), overseas Chinese and foreigners ________(include)", said Du Feijin, head of the publicity department of the Beijing Committee of the Communist Party of China. "Tian'anmen Square featured red decorations representing the ________ (glory) history of the Party as it led the Chinese revolution to victory", he said, ________ (add) that 70 red lanterns ware hung parallel to the east and west sides of the square. A series of ________ (active) like raising the national flag, singing the national anthem and commemorating revolutionary martyrs(烈士) held nationwide to let ________ (many) people take part in celebrating the birthday of the motherland. Besides, a documentary which featured highlights during the 70-year journey ________(broadcast) on TV.【答案】that;on;to celebrate;the;included;glorious;adding;activities;more;was broadcast

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了10月1日庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年游行的情况。

(1)考查主语从句。句意:据报道,10月1日国庆节当天上午,有10多万人在北京天安门广场参加了庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年的盛大游行。it is reported that…固定句式,“据报道……”,故填that。

(2)考查介词。句意:据报道,10月1日国庆节当天上午,有10多万人在北京天安门广场参加了庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年的盛大游行。on the morning of固定短语,“在……的早晨”,具体的日子之前用介词on,故填on。

(3)考查非谓语动词。句意:据报道,10月1日国庆节当天上午,有10多万人在北京天安门广场参加了庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年的盛大游行。本句中celebrate做非谓语动词,做目的状语用不定式。故填to celebrate。

(4)考查冠词。句意:中共北京市委宣传部部长杜飞金表示:“来自各行各业和各民族的代表参加了仪式,包括港澳台同胞、海外华人和外国人。”此处特指10月1日国庆节当天上

午举行的阅兵仪式,故填the。

(5)考查非谓语动词。中共北京市委宣传部部长杜飞金表示:“来自各行各业和各民族的代表参加了仪式,包括港澳台同胞、海外华人和外国人。”included在句中做非谓语动词,与上文列举的Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots, overseas Chinese and foreigners构成被动表示“被包括在内的”,故填included。

(6)考查形容词。句意:他说:“天安门广场上的红色装饰代表了党领导中国革命取得胜利的光荣历史,”他还补充说,70盏红灯笼与天安门广场东西两侧平行悬挂。history为名词需要形容词修饰,故填glorious。

(7)考查非谓语动词。句意:他说:“天安门广场上的红色装饰代表了党领导中国革命取得胜利的光荣历史,”他还补充说,70盏红灯笼与天安门广场东西两侧平行悬挂。本句中add 做非谓语动词,与逻辑主语he构成主动关系用现在分词,故填adding。

(8)考查名词。句意:在全国范围内举行升旗、唱国歌、纪念革命先烈等一系列活动,让更多的人参与到庆祝祖国生日的活动中来。activity为可数名词,由a series of修饰应用复数形式,故填activities。

(9)考查形容词。句意:在全国范围内举行升旗、唱国歌、纪念革命先烈等一系列活动,让更多的人参与到庆祝祖国生日的活动中来。结合句意可知“让更多的人参与到庆祝祖国生日的活动中来”应用形容词比较级,故填more。

(10)考查时态语态。句意:此外,电视还播放了一部讲述70年历程的纪录片。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动,且事情发生在过去用一般过去时,主语为a documentary,故填was broadcast。

【点评】本题考点涉及主语从句,介词,非谓语动词,冠词,形容词,名词以及时态语态等多个知识点的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

7.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Ever wondered how many calories are in the human body? Or ever wondered why old people have ________ (big) ears than they used to? The winners of Ig Nobel Prizes (搞笑诺贝尔奖) have got the answers.

He Ig Nobel Prizes, founded in 1991, are to honor achievements ________ first make people laugh, and then make them think, The ceremony ________ (take) place at Harvard University every year. Winners' acceptance ________(speech) are limited to 60 seconds, ________ (strict) policed by an eight-year-old girl.

The honored research might seem ridiculous ________ first sight, but that doesn't mean it lacks scientific value. For example, the research in 2006 on why dry spaghetti tends to break into more than two pieces was important ________ (discover) failure in bridge spans (跨度) or human bones And a follow-up paper ________ (publish) by MIT physicists several years later. But people are more likely to read about ________ (break) spaghetti than to read an academic paper. Even when there is no immediate usefulness, ________ is still good to encourage people to observe and think.

【答案】bigger;that/ which;takes;speeches;strictly;at;to discover;was published;

breaking;it

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,搞笑诺贝尔奖听起来似乎很搞笑,但是这并不意味着它缺乏科学价值。

(1)考查形容词。句意:或者想知道为什么老年人的耳朵比以前大? 根据句意和than可知这里要用形容词的比较级,故填bigger。

(2)考查定语从句。分析可知空格处引导限定性定语从句,先行词为achievements,指物。空格处在句中做主语所以要用that或者which引导这个定语从句,故填that/which。

(3)考查主谓一致和时态。分析可知take在句中做谓语。这里介绍的是一般事实,要用一般现在时。主语the ceremony为单数,谓语动词也要用单数,故填takes。

(4)考查名词。speech为可数名词,根据后面的are判断这里要用其复数形式,故填speeches。

(5)考查副词。空格处修饰动词police要用副词,故填strictly。

(6)考查介词。句意:乍一看,这项久享盛名的研究似乎很荒谬,但这并不意味着它缺乏科学价值。at first sight固定短语,"乍一看;一看到.......就",故填at。

(7)考查非谓语动词。这里使用了sth/sb+be+adj+to do的结构,故填to discover。

(8)考查语态时态。本句的事情已经发生,事情发生在过去要用一般过去时。谓语动词publish和主语a follow-up paper是被动关系,要用被动语态。a follow-up paper是单数,谓语动词也要用单数。故填was published。

(9)考查非谓语动词。about为介词,后面的动词要用动名词形式,故填breaking。

(10)考查代词。句意:即使没有立竿见影的效果,鼓励人们去观察和思考也是好的。根据句意,分析可知在主句中,to encourage people to observe and think是真正的主语,要用it做形式主语,故填it。

【点评】本题考点涉及形容词,定语从句,主谓一致,名词,副词,非谓语动词,时态语态以及代词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

8.语法填空

As kids reach adolescence, they often face increasing workloads and responsibilities but school still starts early. As a result, it ________ (report) that 80 to 90 percent of teens don't get enough sleep. This sleep ________ (lose) causes kids to suffer mentally and physically. But too much sleep also has its problems. According to Andrew Fuligni, a sleep doctor in a famous hospital, ________ studies the mental health of adolescents, sleeping less than eight hours ________ more, than ten can make teenagers fed worse the next day.

________ (help) teens get enough sleep, some schools have already made school start later. They have found that the later times let kids sleep more. They also have seen ________ (high) test scores and better graduation rates. However, this isn't enough. Meanwhile, teenagers have to help ________ (they). Fuligni suggests teens sleep for 10 hours each night for a week or two. This will help them figure ________ how much sleep they require to fed their best. However, sleeping more on weekends ________(be) not a good idea to compensate for missing sleep

during the week. Fuligni warns that getting different ________(amount)of sleep each, night can be had for mental health.

【答案】 is reported;loss;who;or;To help;higher;themselves;out;is;amounts 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了关于青少年的睡眠问题。睡眠在青少年的成长中很重要。随着孩子们进入青春期,他们经常面临越来越多的工作负担和责任,但学校仍然很早就开始上课。结果是,有80%到90%的青少年没有得到足够的睡眠。

(1)考查时态语态。结果是,有80%到90%的青少年没有得到足够的睡眠。It is reported that...,固定句式,“据报道.....”,故填is reported。

(2)考查名词。这种睡眠不足会让孩子们在精神上和身体上遭受痛苦。句子缺少主语,所以此处应该用名词形式做主语,故填loss。

(3)考查定语从句。此处a sleep doctor是先行词,指人,后面的非限制性定语从句缺少主语和先行词,故填who。

(4)考查连词。一家著名医院的睡眠医生,他研究青少年的心理健康,睡眠时间少于8小时甚至超过10小时,这可能会让青少年第二天的情况变得更糟。or more或更多,故填or。

(5)考查非谓语动词。为了帮助青少年获得充足的睡眠,一些学校已经开始了学校的开学,帮助青少年获得充足的睡眠,一些学校已经在晚些时候开始上课。此处是动词不定式做目的状语。故填To help。

(6)考查形容词。他们也看到了更高的考试成绩和更好的毕业率。根据后面的better,可知此空用比较级,故填higher。

(7)考查代词。与此同时,青少年不得不帮助他们自己。结合句意,用反身代词,故填themselves。

(8)考查副词。这将帮助他们计算出他们需要多少睡眠才使他们得到最好的睡眠。figure out固定短语,“明白,理解,计算出”,故填out。

(9)考查时态。为了弥补一周的睡眠不足在周末睡得更多不是一个好主意。此处是动名词短语作主语,文章讲的是日常情况,所以句子用一般现在时态,故填is。

(10)考查名词。根据different可知后面的名词用复数形式,故填amounts。

【点评】本题考点涉及时态语态,名词,定语从句,连词,非谓语动词,形容词,代词,副词,时态等多个知识点的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

9.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Boat Building is a long-winded and time-consuming business, even when ________ is going down the slipway is a small craft ________(make) from modern materials such as fibreglass. Construct a mould(模具). Build up layers of resin(树脂) and glass fibre inside that mould. Extract the completed structure and finish it. All told, it can take months. That, ________, may soon change. For researchers at the University of Maine are now in ________process of testing an 8-metre (25-foot) patrol boat that took just 72 hours to make from scratch. Their trick was to build the boat ________(use) a giant 3D printer.

Since they appeared in ________(commerce) form in the 1990s, generally 3D printers ________ (employ) in factories to make small things like components of jet-engines and dental crowns(牙冠). Now, a new generation of outsize printers is arriving. These are capable ________turning out much bigger objects than previously possible, and printing them faster.

To print the patrol boat, part of an American army project, the team in Maine linked up with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in Tennessee, which helped ________ (develop) the printing process, and Ingersoll Machine Tools, in Illinois, which built the printer itself. The university estimates that for boat building, a common trade in the state, large 3D printers of this sort will ________(dramatic) cut the cost and time required to produce new ships.

【答案】what;made;though/however;the;using;commercial;have been employed;of;develop / to develop;dramatically

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了大型3D打印机可用来制造船舶。

(1)考查主语从句。句意:造船是一个漫长而枯燥的过程,即使最终从造船台上滑下来的只是一艘用玻璃纤维等现代材料制造的小船,而非用木板钉成的传统船只。______ is going down the slipway是when引导的时间状语从句中的主语从句,主语从句缺少主语,在此表示的事物,故填what。

(2)考查非谓语动词。此处表示用玻璃纤维等现代材料制造的小船。______(make) from modern materials such as fibreglass用来修饰craft,作定语,craft与make是被动关系,所以用过去分词,故填made。

(3)考查副词。句意:不过,现状可能马上会发生改变。根据前后文语境可知此处表示之前制作大约需要好几月的实践,而这一切随着3D打印的使用可能要发生改变。所以表示转折关系,故填however/though。

(4)考查冠词。句意:缅因大学的研究者正在测试一条8 米长的巡逻艇,它的建造过程只花了 72 小时。in the process of…固定短语,“在......过程中”,故填the。

(5)考查非谓语动词。句意:他们的秘密武器,是使用一台大型的 3D 打印机来造船。分析句子结构可知此句有谓语动词was,所以use 要使用非谓语,再根据their trick可知使用者是人,所以人与use是主动关系,所以用现在分词,故填using。

(6)考查形容词。句意:自从他们在20世纪90年代以商业形式出现以来,他们一直被用于工厂制作小的飞机零部件和牙冠。此处修饰form名词,要用形容词,故填commercial。

(7)考查时态语态。根据时间状语since,可知主句用现在完成时,再根据3D打印机与employ之间是被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态,再根据主谓一致。可知填用have been employed。

(8)考查固定短语。句意:这些打印机能够制造出比以前更大的物体,并且打印速度更快。be capable of固定短语,“能够”,故填of。

(9)考查非谓语动词。help to do/ help do固定短语,“帮助做某事”,故填to develop/ develop。

(10)考查副词。句意:该大学估计,对于该州常见的行业——造船来说,这种大型3D 打印机将大幅削减生产新船所需的成本和时间。此处修饰动词cut,要用副词,故填dramatically。

【点评】本题考点涉及主语从句,非谓语动词,副词,冠词,形容词,时态语态以及副词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

10.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Vegetarianism(素食主义)is becoming one rising trend in the UK, as more people are deciding not ________(eat) meat and animal products. Vegetarians are people who don't eat meat, while vegans are people who don't eat or use any animal products at all. These lifestyles ________(become) more well-known in the UK. ________ are Britons cutting out meat? Many are unhappy about the poor treatment of animals and the effects of meat and fish production ________ the environment. ________(worry) about food safety and foodborne illnesses, such as mad cow disease, have also played a part. Others choose to change their eating habits in order to become ________ (healthy). According to the Vegetarian Society, a meat-free diet can help reduce ________ risk of certain cancers, as well as heart disease and high blood pressure.

Organic farming is ________ rising trend that is appearing in the UK. Many people are rejecting genetically modified(转基因的)food and want their food to be ________(organic) produced. Organic farmers use very few or no chemicals. Organic meat ________(produce) without the use of drugs.

【答案】to eat;are becoming;Why;on;Worries;healthier;the;another;organically;is produced

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,素食主义在英国逐渐增加,越来越多的英国人决定不食用肉类和动物产品。根据素食协会的说法,无肉饮食可以帮助降低某些癌症、心脏病和高血压的风险。

(1)考查非谓语动词。句意:素食主义在英国正成为一种上升趋势,越来越多的人决定不吃肉和动物制品。decide to do固定短语,“决定做……”。故填to eat。

(2)考查时态。句意:这种生活方式在英国越来越出名。根据语境可知,此处应使现在进行时,表示逐渐变化的过程。故填is becoming。

(3)考查疑问词。根据下文“许多人对虐待动物以及肉类和鱼类生产的影响感到不满”可知,此处指“为什么英国人不吃肉?”故填Why。

(4)考查介词。句意:许多人对虐待动物以及肉类和鱼类生产对环境的影响感到不满。have an effect on固定短语,“对……有影响”。故填on。

(5)考查名词。句意:对食品安全和像疯牛病这样的食源性疾病的担忧也起到了一定的作用。根据句意及谓语动词have可知,此处应使用名词复数。故填Worries。

(6)考查形容词。句意:其他人选择改变他们的饮食习惯是为了变得更健康。根据语境可知,此处应使用比较级。故填healthier。

(7)考查冠词。句意:据素食协会称,无肉饮食可以帮助降低某些癌症、心脏病和高血压的风险。根据语境可知,此处表特指,应使用定冠词。故填the。

(8)考查形容词。句意:有机农业是另一个正在英国兴起的趋势。another“另外的”。故

填another。

(9)考查副词。句意:许多人拒绝转基因食品,希望他们的食物是有机生产的。此处修饰动词produce,应使用副词形式。故填organically。

(10)考查时态语态。句意:有机肉类的生产不需要药物。根据语境可知,此处应使用被动语态,且描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时。故填is produced。

【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词,时态,介词,名词,形容词,冠词,副词以及语态等多个知识点的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

11.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I don't photograph wild animals very often, ________ wild horses are an exception. I first learned about Alberta's wild horses 20 years ago. Ever since, I had wanted to see and photograph them. A friend of mine, who also loves wild horses, ________ (hear) about my wish in March 2017, and I was fortunate enough to be able to accompany him to see the wild horses in the Williams Creek area of Alberta. It was ________ unique experience.

We spent a day there ________ our first visit and have been back to the same area three more times since then. Once we were so lucky to see more than 100 horses there. I managed to capture a great shot of a pony ________ (run) and jumping for the sheer joy of it, ________ I felt so proud of. The pony was having such fun all by ________ (he) while the rest of his herd grazed peacefully.

Having been out with the horses several times now, I hope to visit them again—as often as possible! They're magnificent and ________ (true) nurture my soul. I'm so thankful for the privilege of having the opportunity to spend time with them. These horses are born wild and free, and deserve always ________ (remain) so. ________(photograph) like me quite value the chance to get close to the wild horses.

【答案】 but;heard;a;on;running;which;himself;truly;to remain;Photographers 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者拍摄野马的独特经历。

(1)考查连词。句意:我不经常拍摄野生动物,但野马是个例外。根据句意可知前后是转折关系,故填but。

(2)考查时态。句意:我的一个朋友也喜欢野马,他在2017年3月听说了我的愿望。根据时间状语“in March 2017”可知事情发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故填heard。

(3)考查冠词。句意:这是一次独特的经历。experience当“经历”讲时是可数名词,此处用不定冠词表泛指,unique的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。

(4)考查介词。句意:我们第一次去的时候在那里待了一天,之后又去了三次。spend time on sth固定短语,“在某物/事上花时间”,故填on。

(5)考查非谓语动词。句意:我成功地捕捉到了一匹小马奔跑和跳跃撒欢的精彩镜头,我为此感到骄傲。pony与run之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,此处与后面的jumping并列用现在分词作后置定语,故填running。

(6)考查定语从句。句意:我成功地捕捉到了一匹小马奔跑和跳跃撒欢的精彩镜头,我为此感到骄傲。此处为非限定性定语从句,关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语,故填which。

(7)考查代词。句意:小马自己玩得很开心,而其他的马则安静地吃草。all by oneself固定短语,“自己、单独”,故填himself。

(8)考查副词。句意:它们是伟大的,真正滋养了我的灵魂。修饰动词nurture用副词,故填truly。

(9)考查非谓语动词。句意:这些马生来就野性十足,自由自在,它们理应永远如此。deserve to do固定短语,“理应做、做……理所应当”,主语和动词是主动关系,故填to remain。

(10)考查名词。句意:像我这样的摄影师非常珍惜接近野马的机会。根据空后的“like me”可知此处用表示身份的名词作主语,photographer表示“摄影师”,是可数名词,此处用复数表泛指,故填Photographers。

【点评】本题考点涉及连词,时态,介词,非谓语动词,定语从句,代词,副词以及名词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

12.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Nezha is the subject of the latest cartoon film, which ________ (official) opened in cinemas in China on July 26. Nezha has got wonderful reviews and is rated higher than Monkey King : Hero is Back. Since July 26, the film ________ (earn) more than 140 million yuan at the box office, and the film has a score of 8. 8 ________ (point) (out of 10) on China's largest filming rating site, Douban.

Yang Yu, ________is the director of it, made up his mind ________ (produce) a film on the theme of breaking old rules and changing fate. Yang chose Nezha as his character, the ________ (combine) of the rebellious (叛逆的)but straight youth. The film is loosely based on the Chinese novel The Investiture of the Gods. In the novel, Nezha is born during the Shang dynasty and is famous ________ fighting against the Dragon King.

It took Yang Yu two years to polish the script, and the film was in production for three years. It is ________most complex cartoon production ever ________ (make) in China. It has more than 1 ,300 special effects shots, and it took over 20 Chinese special effects studios, ________(employ) more than 1, 600 people, to realize the film's fairy tale setting, the mysterious Dragon King's palace. One spectacular scene alone took two months to complete.

【答案】officially;has earned;points;who;to produce;combination;for;the;made;employing

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道,《哪吒》是7月26日在中国电影院正式上映的最新的一部动画片,该片的主题是打破旧规则和改变命运,其科技含量很高,获得了观众的好评。

(1)考查副词。句意:《哪吒》是7月26日在中国电影院正式上映的最新的一部动画片。分析句式可知,设空处所给词是修饰动词opened的,修饰动词要用副词,因此,用

副词,故填officially。

(2)考查时态。句意:自7月26日以来,该片票房收入超过1.4亿元。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语Since July 26可知,该句用现在完成时态,故填has earned。

(3)考查名词。句意:中国最大的电影点评网站豆瓣网给这部影片打了8.8分,满分是10分。point是可数名词,前面有数字8.8修饰,故用复数形式,填points。

(4)考查定语从句。句意:导演杨钰下定决心拍摄一部以打破旧规则、改变命运为主题的电影。分析句子结构可知,两个逗号之间为非限制性定语从句,先行词为Yang Yu(人名),且从句缺主语。故填who。

(5)考查非谓语动词。句意:导演杨钰下定决心拍摄一部以打破旧规则、改变命运为主题的电影。make up one’s mind to do sth,固定短语,“下定决心去做某事”,故填to produce。

(6)考查名词。句意:杨选择了《哪吒》作为角色人物,它代表了叛逆但直率的青春。由空格前的定冠词the可以确定空格处应该填名词形式,故填combination。

(7)考查介词。句意:小说中,哪吒生于商朝,以对抗龙王而闻名。be famous for固定短语,“以……闻名”。故填for。

(8)考查形容词。句意:这是中国有史以来最复杂的动画片。根据后面的most complex 可知,它是最复杂的,前面要加上定冠词,故填the。

(9)考查非谓语动词。句意:这是中国有史以来最复杂的动画片。句中cartoon production和动词make是被动关系,应使用过去分词表被动,作cartoon production的定语。故填made。

(10)考查非谓语动词。句意:电影有1300多个特效镜头,雇用1600多人,来实现影片的童话场景的布置。本句谓语动词为“has和took over”,所以空格处动词employ应使用非谓语动词形式。“雇佣”这个动作是由it发出的,所以使用现在分词形式。故填employing。【点评】本题考点涉及副词,时态,名词,定语从句,非谓语动词,介词,形容词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇新闻报道,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

13.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Some misunderstanding is putting shark populations at risk now. Thousands of sharks are dying as ________result of people's false beliefs.

Female sharks need males to make babies. Some female sharks have the ability to produce a baby by themselves and have young sharks ________a male shark. That's something ________(common) seen in plants and insects like ants and bees.

Shark fins have medical function. Traditionally, shark fin soup ________(believe) to have health benefits and is quite special in China. ________modern scientists point out that shark tissue (组织)can be extremely high in poison. What's more, shark fishing kills up to 100 million animals each year, ________(endanger) several different species.

If you're bitten by a shark, you will be a goner. You are more than twice as likely ________(die) from a lightning strike as from a shark bite, according to the Florida Museum's International

Shark Attack File (ISAF). "Even if you are bitten, the large ________(major) of people survive", says Dr. Chapman. There ________(be) sixty-six unprovoked(无端的)shark bite incidents around the world in 2018, only six of ________were dangerous, according to the ISAF.

【答案】a;without;commonly;is believed;But/Yet;endangering;to die;majority;were;which

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍人们过去对鲨鱼的误解,唤醒人们要有保护动物意识。

(1)考查冠词。句意:由于人们的错误观念,成千上万的鲨鱼正在死亡。as a result of固定短语,“作为……的结果”。故填a。

(2)考查介词。句意:一些雌性鲨鱼有能力自己繁殖后代,并且在没有雄性鲨鱼的情况下产下幼鲨。根据上文Some female sharks have the ability to produce a baby by themselves 可知,此处指“雌性鲨鱼在没有雄性鲨鱼的情况下产下幼鲨”,应使用介词without“没有”。故填without。

(3)考查副词。句意:这种情况在植物和昆虫中很常见,比如蚂蚁和蜜蜂。此处修饰过去分词seen,应使用副词形式。故填commonly。

(4)考查时态语态。句意:传统上,鱼翅汤被认为对健康有益,在中国很特别。believe 与shark fin soup是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态;此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时。故填is believed。

(5)考查连词。句意:但现代科学家指出,鲨鱼组织是非常厉害的毒药。根据语境可知,此处前后句是转折关系,应使用转折连词but/yet“但是”。故填But/Yet。

(6)考查非谓语动词。句意:更重要的是,捕捞鲨鱼每年杀死多达1亿只,危及几个不同的物种。“捕捞鲨鱼每年杀死多达1亿只”危及几个不同的物种,endanger的逻辑主语是整个前句描述的内容,此处与前句内容是逻辑主谓关系,应使用现在分词作结果状语。故填endangering。

(7)考查非谓语动词。句意:根据佛罗里达博物馆的国际鲨鱼攻击档案(ISAF),人们死于雷击的可能性是鲨鱼咬的两倍多。be likely to do sth.固定短语,“可能做某事”。故填to die。

(8)考查名词。句意:“即使被咬了,大多数人还是活下来了”,查普曼博士说。根据空前形容词及空后介词of可知,此处使用名词。故填majority。

(9)考查时态。句意:根据国际安全援助部队的数据,2018年全世界共发生了66起无端的鲨鱼咬伤事件,其中只有6起是危险的。根据in 2018可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,应使用一般过去时;there be句型主谓一致遵循“就近原则”,由sixty-six unprovoked(无端的)shark bite incidents可知,此处be动词应使用复数形式。故填were。

(10)考查定语从句。句意:根据国际安全援助部队的数据,2018年全世界共发生了66起无端的鲨鱼咬伤事件,其中只有6起是危险的。此处是带有介词的定语从句,先行词是sixty-six unprovoked(无端的)shark bite incidents,关系词在介词之后,应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。

【点评】本题考点涉及冠词,介词,副词,时态语态,连词,名词以及定语从句等多个知识点的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文

的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

14.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The silent killer — air pollution causes seven million premature (过早的) ________(death) a year, not just in________(develop) countries but also in UK and the USA as well. In China,people are well aware of the health problems it brings.

I check every part every day. If it has heavy air pollution, I will prepare masks for my family. I dislike________when the air is bad. Because bad air makes it difficult for me to breathe and I think it does influence my________(perform) at work. A new research in china has also found a link between air quality and levels of intelligence. In the study, 25,000 people living across China________(test) in language and math skills last year. They found the results of those________lived in more polluted areas were________ (negative) impacted, especially in languages. It adds to a growing body of evidence that air pollution has an effect not just on the lungs and heart________on the brain.

This research shows that the longer we are exposed to air pollution, the ________ (many) problems we're storing up for later life. Campaigners hope this study will persuade the British government________(think) hard before it publishes its clean air strategy next year.

【答案】deaths;developing;it;performance;were tested;who;negatively;but;more;to think

【解析】【分析】本文是一则新闻报道,无声杀手——空气污染每年导致700万人过早死亡,不仅在发展中国家,在英国和美国也是如此。最新研究表明,我们接触空气污染的时间越长,我们为以后的生活积累的问题就越多。

(1)考查名词。句意:无声杀手——空气污染每年导致700万人过早死亡,不仅在发展中国家,在英国和美国也是如此。此处death“死亡的人数”,是可数名词,结合句意可知此处用复数形式,故填deaths。

(2)考查形容词。句意:无声杀手——空气污染每年导致700万人过早死亡,不仅在发展中国家,在英国和美国也是如此。此处是“发展中的”,是形容词作定语修饰后面的名词,故填developing。

(3)考查代词。句意:我不喜欢空气不好的时候。此处it是形式宾语,when引导的从句是真正的宾语,故填it。

(4)考查名词。句意:我认为这确实会影响我的工作表现。此处my是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词,故填performance。

(5)考查时态语态。句意:在这项研究中,去年对中国各地的2.5万人进行了语言和数学技能测试。此处句子主语people,集体名词,和谓语动词test之间是一种被动关系,再根据In the study,是过去的事情,所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态,故填were tested。(6)考查定语从句。句意:他们发现,那些生活在污染更严重地区的人的结果受到了负面影响,尤其是在语言方面。此处those是先行词,指人,在后面的定语从句中作主语,故填who。

(7)考查副词。句意:他们发现,那些生活在污染更严重地区的人的结果受到了负面影

响,尤其是在语言方面。此处impacted是动词,由副词修饰,故填negatively。

(8)考查固定短语。句意:越来越多的证据表明,空气污染不仅会影响肺部和心脏,还会影响大脑。not just/only...but(also)...。固定短语,“不但......而且.....”,故填but。

(9)考查形容词。句意:这项研究表明,我们接触空气污染的时间越长,我们为以后的生活积累的问题就越多。the+比较级,the+比较级,固定句式,“越......,越......。”故填more。

(10)考查非谓语动词。句意:活动家希望这项研究能说服英国政府在明年公布其清洁空气战略之前三思。persuade sb. to do sth.固定短语,“劝说某人做某事”。故填to think。【点评】本题考点涉及名词,形容词,代词,名词,时态语态,定语从句,副词以及非谓语动词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇新闻报道,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

15.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Kiwis are endangered little birds native to New Zealand. It ________ (believe) that these small birds exist as a result of New Zealand's isolation (隔离)from the other parts of the world, forcing animals there ________ (adapt)and evolve (进化)so as to be able to survive and reproduce. The evolution is what has led to the present________(appear) of the kiwi bird.

Kiwis are a national symbol of New Zealand, with the name kiwi ________(be) associated with many things in New Zealand including their famous rugby national team.

Kiwis have excellent memories and can remember something that ________(happen) as long as five years back. Even though they have feathers, their feathers look and feel ________ (much) like hair rather than feathers.

This enables them to be able to hide in a bush and go ________ (complete) unnoticed by their natural enemies.

Unlike most birds, the kiwi bird has a great sense of smell ________ enables them to sniff out prey (猎物)hidden in bushes and underground.

The smallest kiwi bird has ________ height of 45 centimeters and wight of 2 kilograms while the largest kiwi can grow________ 50 centimeters tall and can weigh 3.5 kilograms.

【答案】is believed;to adapt;appearance;being;happened;more;completely;that/which;a;to

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几维鸟的相关信息。

(1)考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:人们认为,这些小鸟的存在是新西兰与世界其他地方隔绝的结果。此处是陈述种客观事实,故应该使用一般现在时;It is believed that... “据人们认为……”,因此填一般现在时的被动语态。故填is believed。

(2)考查非谓语动词。句意:迫使那里的动物适应和进化,以便能够生存和繁殖。force...to do sth.固定短语,“强迫……做某事”,故填to adapt。

(3)考查名词。句意:这种进化导致了几维鸟的出现。present在句中为形容词,因此应该填入所给形容词的名词形式。故填appearance。

(4)考查非谓语动词。句意:几维鸟是新西兰的国家象征,kiwi这个名字与新西兰的许

多事物都有联系,包括新西兰著名的橄榄球队。此处是“with+名词+分词”结构,由于kiwi 与动词短语be associated with之间是主动关系,因此填所给词的现在分词形式。故填being。

(5)考查时态。句意:几维鸟的记忆力很好,他们能记住五年前发生的事情。故应该使用一般过去时,因此应该填入所给动词的过去式。故填happened。

(6)考查形容词。句意:尽管它们有羽毛,但它们的羽毛看上去和摸起来都更像是茸毛而非羽毛。因此填形容词的比较级。故填more。

(7)考查副词。句意:这使得它们能够躲在灌木丛中,完全不被天敌发现。此处是用于修饰过去分词unnoticed,因此用副词,填completely。

(8)考查定语从句。句意:与大多数鸟类不同的是,几维鸟有很强的嗅觉,能够嗅出隐藏在灌木丛和地下的猎物。此处是一个限制性定语从句,先行词是a great sense of smell,指物,且引导词在定语从句中作主语,因此填关系代词that或which,引导该限制性定语从句。故填that/which。

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(10)考查介词。句意:而最大的几维鸟可以长到50厘米高,重3.5公斤。介词to后接数字表示能到达多高。故填to。

【点评】本题考点涉及时态语态,主谓一致,非谓语动词,名词,形容词,副词,定语从句,冠词以及介词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

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