高中英语人教版必修三第四单元基础知识点

Unit 4

system系统，体系

solar system 太阳系government systems 政府体系

interest vt. 使…感兴趣常用：Sth. interest Sb. interested adj. 感兴趣的 interesting adj. 令人感兴趣的

eg: What he said interested all of us.

We are interested in the interesting story.

1.根据一个普遍接受的理

论，宇宙起源于一次大爆

炸，这次大爆炸把物质射

向四面八方。（背过）

a widely accepted

theory, the universe

started with…. throw

matter in all

directions.

世界上独一无二的东西，

前面加定冠词the, 例如：

the sun, the moon, the

earth, the university,

the world.但是名词前若有

adj修饰，一般用不定冠词

a/an。例如：There is a big

moon in the sky.

Start/begin with 以…开

始；to start/begin with

首先=first of all

wide adj.&adv. Wide做副

词表示具体的宽 He lay

here, with his eyes wide

open./ wide awake.

widely adv. 修饰抽象的

广泛的 The book is widely

read.

Direction表示方向常和in,

from搭配。从某个方向用

from, 朝某方向用in.

in all directions 四面八

方

in the opposite direction

朝相反的方向

例如：The woman went to

the direction from which

she came.这个女士走向她

来的方向。

to do一般做目的状语，但有时候也可做结果状语，见课本第一段最后。Only to do结果发现常表示意料之外的结果。例如：

She went to the supermarket, only to find/only to be told that all the salt had been sold out.

2.be to do用法，自己列

出。

settle定居；解决；停留，落下；使某人坐在某个位置；精神的镇静例如：We finally settled in Jinan. 定居The question is hard to

settle/solve. 解决

The bird settled on the

branch. 停留在树枝上

My father settled

himself in the sofa after

work. 坐在沙发上

The medicine can help to

settle your nerves. 镇静

神经

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e99993080.html,st VI持续维持其后

的介词for经常省略。

The meeting lasted (for)

three hours.

4.in time①及时 in time

to do/ in time for

②最终，迟早。相当于

sooner or

later ,eventually

例如：

We were just in time for

the flight.= We were just

in time to catch the

plane.

Don’t worry. I am sure

things will get better in

time.

辨析：in time/ on time/ at

a time(一次，每次)/at one

time(曾经，一度)/ at

times=sometimes(有时候)

5.atmosphere ①大气

层，经常与定冠词联用

the atmosphere ②气

氛，氛围例如：

An atmosphere of

tension(紧张) filled Japan after the earthquake.

The atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly.

6.As the earth cooled

down,

…..as在本句中为连词，翻译为：随着。可以和with 复合结构互换。例如：

As time goes by, we are older and older. = With time going by,…

11. unlike prep. 不像Unlike his brother, he is diligent.

不像弟弟，他很勤奋。It is unlike him to be

late. 迟到可不像他的风

格。

I dislike eating fish. I

like eating meat. 我不喜

欢吃鱼，我喜欢吃肉。

What is the weather like

天气怎么样

He is likely to come.= it

is likely that he will

come. 他很可能回来。

12.be fundamental to

对…至关重要，基础

fundamental differences

根本的不同

13.make it possible for

life to develop 为

make+宾语+宾补的结构

在此it形式宾语，不定

式为真正的宾语。宾补可

以有多种成分充当，但不

能加ing形式。例如：

We made him president.

我们选他做总统。

We should try our best to

make the room clean.

I spoke aloud to make

myself heard. 让我自己被

听见。

The mother made the boy do

his work all day.被动 The

boy was made to do his

work all day.

14.multiply繁殖，增加，

乘例如：

Cells multiply by means of cell division.

The answer is 30 if you multiply 6 and 5.

Your effort will multiply your chance of success.

15. call A B 叫...A 是B The boy called Jim is a kind boy.

I lived in what you called Greece.

16. for the first time第一次，为介词短语，一般做时间状语。

The first time为连词，连接句子

It is /was the first time that sb. have/had

done sth.

例如：

Today, I climbed on the

Qianfo Mount for the

first time.

I fell in love with the

car the first time I saw

it.

It is the first time that

I have visited the city.

lay eggs 下蛋

lie – lied---lied 撒谎

lie—lay—lain 躺，位于

lay—laid—laid 放置，下

蛋

He laid the books on the

shelf.他把书放在书架上

了。

The hen lays an egg a day.

这只母鸡每天下一个蛋。

He lied to his mother.

他对母亲撒谎了。

18. exist

不及物动词，不用于被动语

态，不用于进行时态。

名词：existence/

come into existence =come

into being 形成，产生

例如：

There exist warm-hearted

people everywhere.

We can’t exist without

water.

No one knows when the earth came into existence.

19. remain vi&link-v 保持，维持，仍然，剩余

the remaining money 剩下的蛋糕

I am sorry. My work remains unfinished.

After many years, he remains single./ he remains a teacher.

The problem remains to be solved.

It remains to be see whether we can finish it in time.

20. spread伸展；延伸；（消息，火）等蔓延，传播

The news spread through

the school quickly.

The mother spread a cloth

on the table.

The fire spread quickly,

but all the people were

able to escape.

21. thus adv相当于

therefore 因此

The universities

have expanded, thus

allowing more students to

get a higher education.

He forgot to turn on

the radio and thus missed

the news.

He knocked out Tom,

thus becoming the

champion.

22. in one’s turn轮

到…./ by turns 轮流/ in

turn ①依次，轮流②反

之，从而/ in return (for)

作为回报例如：

Today, I am in my turn on

duty to clean the room.

The two brothers looked

after their sick mother

by turns.

I gave him some money in

return for his help.= He

helped me. In return, I

gave him some money.

高考再现：

A clean environment can

help the city bid for the

Olympics, which ________

will promote its economic

development. A .in nature return turn fact

23.

prevent/keep/stop …fro m ….

阻止。注意keep 后的from 不能省，省掉意思就是使…一直干….

Shelter/protect … from …保护…免受…. The heavy snow prevented

all of us (from) arriving

at school on time.

The

sunglasses

can

shelter us from the

sunlight.

24. depend on

依靠，依赖；取决于

When we are old, we have to depend on our children to earn money.

Whether you will stay or not depends on you. It/that depends.看情况吧。 高考再现：

----How often do you eat out

----_________,

but

usually once a week. A. I

have no idea. B . it

depends. C. as usual D. Generally speaking

25. the year to come= the coming year 在将要到来

的一年。To come 做后置定语】

26. block out 挡住（光线和声音等）；忘记，抹掉 The tall building blocked out the sunlight. She wanted to block out the unhappy experience.

27. visit n&v visit sp. Pay a visit to sp. We are going to pay a

visit to/visit the USA in

the holiday.

28. explain sth. to sb.= explain to sb. sth.

--explanation(n)

You had better explain to your mother the thing.

29. lessen

The pain is lessening after taking the medicine.

The government takes measures to lessen the impact of the earthquake.

30.get/be close(adj.) to靠近

close adv. 具体的近stand/sit close(adv.) to closely 抽象的仔细地，严谨地密切地The child examined the

animal closely.

31. as…as结构中，若中间

为第三人称单数名词需要

这样：as+adj.+a/an+n+as

He is as kind a boy as you

.= He is a boy as kind as

you.

31. 倍数表达法：

A + 动词+倍数+as…

as……

A + 动词+倍数+ more

than….

A + 动词+倍数+the +n+of

例如：

The hall is three

times as large as our

classroom.

= The hall is three

times larger than the

classroom.

= The hall is twice the

size of our classroom.

32. now that 既然，和

since相当，有时候that

会省略。

Now that everyone is

here, let’s begin our

class.

Now that you have got

such a chance, you might

as well (不妨，最好)make

good use of it.

33. break out（战争，疾

病，灾难）的爆发，无被动

语态

when did the first world war break out

break up分手，解散，粉碎，假期放假，成为碎片break out出故障，抛锚；失败；身体或精神的垮掉，分解

34. watch out

小心，注意

watch out for小心…. Watch over看管，照看，监视

Watch out! A train is coming.

Watch out for the cars whenyou cross the streets.

Can you watch over the clothes while we are swimming