商 务 英 语 写 作 知 识 要 点
商务英语写作知识要点
01 Introduction
School Writing: 1 In the form of essays, 2 To demonstrate the knowledge and language skills,3 Always use complicated structures
Business Writing:1 In the form of letters,2 Intended to communicate information,3 Readers and writers are in demand-supply relationship
1. Principles of Business Writing: 7C
Clarity 清晰Correctness准确Conciseness简洁Courtesy 礼貌Concreteness具体Completeness完整Consideration周全
2. Logical Organization
①因果关系(Cause & Effect) ②时间顺序(Chronological Development)
③序列顺序(Sequential Development) ④比较(Comparison)
⑤一般到特殊(From General to Specific) ⑥特殊到一般(From Specific to General)
02 Layout of Business Letters
1. The Essential Parts of a Business Letter:
1)Letter head 2)Reference
3)Date line 4)Inside Address
5)Salutation 6)Body of the letter
7)Complimentary Close 8)Signature
2. Letter Styles: Full B lock S tyle(齐头式)，Indented Style（缩进式）and Mixed Style（交错式）
3. Letter head identifies the sender of the letter. It includes:
1)Company’s logo 2)Its address and postal codes
3)Telephone number, Fax number 4)Internet address, e-mail address
5)Telegraphic and telex address 6)A trademark or a brief slogan
4. Body of the letter is the actual message of the letter, which begins one blank line below the salutation. It is the most important part of the letter, the written speaker.
Principles of the body: Clarity, Consideration, Correctness
5. Organization of the body:
1)Opening or Introduction 2)Details
3)Responses or Action 4)Close
6. Optional Parts of the body
1)Attention Line 2)Subject Line
3)Enclosure 4)Carbon Copy
5)Postscript附言
7. Layout of the Envelope: The Indented Form and the
to ensure the grammatical sense. It’s important to use open punctuation consistently in the letter（18）
03 E-mail
https://www.360docs.net/doc/ea9654381.html,yout of Heading
1)T o: (email address of the recipient )
2)From: (email address of the sender—usually automatically filled in)
3)Date: (automatically filled in)
4)Subject (main idea of the message)
5)Cc: (carbon copy– recipients whom the author wishes to inform of the message publicly)
6)Bcc: (Blind carbon copy- recipients who are secretly being informed of the message)
7)Attachment (the files you desire to send along with the message)
2. Body: Salutation + Content + Complementary Close + Signature
3. Points to ponder when writing
1)Write a meaningful subject line.(主题栏意义明确)
2)Keep the message focused and readable.（行文重点突出、排版清楚易读）
3)A void attachments.（少发或不发附件）4)identify yourself clearly.（标明身份）5)Be kind. Don’t flame.（心平气和）6)Proof read.（仔细较读）
7)Don’t assume privacy.（注意保护隐私）
8)Distinguish between formal and informal situations.（分清场合和事宜）
9)Respond promptly.（及时回复）10)Show respect and restrain.（宽容限制）
04 Good News & Bad News Letters
1. 商务信函种类：
1)询盘enquiries
2)发盘response to enquiries
3)订单函order
4)订单确认函order acknowledgement 5)确认函confirming letter
6)拒绝函declining letter
7)礼节函social letter
8)建立商务关系的信函（买方或卖方之间）Establishment of business relationship
2. General structure of Good News Messages and Neutral Messages——Direct Approach
3. Occasions of Direct Approach
1)Making enquiries or responses to enquires
2)Making orders or order acknowledgements
3)Confirming letter 4)Social letters 5)Declining letter 6)Establishment of business relationship
4. Structure of Good News Letter:
1)Begin with the main point (Introduction)
2)Present necessary explanations (Details)
3)Cover the remaining part of the objective (Action)(询价)
4)End with adapted goodwill (Close)
5. Useful sentences for closing of the good news letter:
1)Looking forward to hearing from you.
2)I hope this information will help you.
3)We look forward to receiving confirmation of the reservation.
4)It’s great to be worki ng together once again.
6. Indirect Approach to Bad News Messages
1)Don’t tell the bad news at the beginning.
2)Begin with some good news or neutral information.
3)Give explanations before releasing bad news.
7. General Structure of Bad-news Messages:
1)Begin with a buffer缓冲(introduction)
2)Explain why the refusal has to be made (details)
3)State the refusal (action) 4)Close positively (close)
8. State the Refusals
1)Make the refusal clear without misunderstanding.
2)Offer some constructive and feasible suggestions.
9. Close of Bad News Letter:
1)Polite 2)Positive 3)Confident
4)Do not remind your readers of the negative message.
5)Do not apologize for your refusal
10.Ways to buffer:
1) Showing positive attitude, appreciation
2) Showing sympathy and care
3) Demonstrating understanding
11. U seful sentences for explaining why the refusal has to be made (Present objective, reasonable and convincing reasons. Make the impression that the refusal is necessary and based on careful consideration)
1) Had we not gone through careful and thorough in vestigation, we wouldn’t have made such a decision.
2) It is on the basis of careful consideration that we made such a decision.
12. To be avoided: We must
reject/turn down/refuse/disappoint you
Y ou surely understand …..
We were surprised at your request.
Y ou claim / Y ou state in your letter…
This is the best we can do
05 Complaint Letter
1. Inevitable Complaints:
1)Improperly filled order 2)Damaged merchandise商品；货物
3)Misunderstanding about prices
2. Direct approach to Complaints and Claims:
Business people want to know as soon as possible when something wrong has happened to their products or services so that they can correct the situation immediately. Directness lends to clarity of purpose and success.
3. Types for complaints
1)Complaint for Poor Quality
2)Complaint for Shortage
3)Complaint for Invoice Mistake 4)Complaint for Delivery Delay
5)Complaint for Wrong Items
6)Complaint for Poor Packaging
4. Structure of Complaint letter
1)Explanation of Problem + Background Information (what situation, when, color, model No.)
help to identify the problem + How Y ou Suffered (if necessary)
2)Action required with deadline ( replace the faulty goods, refund the money, repair the goods, etc)
3)Warning (strong but polite)
5. Reply to Complaint Letter(括号内是句型)
1)Explanation the problem + Background(T hank you for your letter of…About our delay of
shipment. We are sorry for not having been able to deliver the goods you ordered o n)
2)Action required + Deadline (We take the
responsibility for the mistake and we will
arrange for the replacement to be sent to
you within two da ys.) 3)Ending (Poli te We can assure you that
every effort will be made to ensure that
similar erro rs.)
6．U seful Sentences for Complaint Letter
1）Describe the problem：On examination, we found all the goods were wetted.
2）Action Required：Therefore, we are compelled to claim against you. We appreciate your seeing the matter seriously and arranging for the delivery within 5 days.
3）Strong Demand：We will ask for the law if you cannot send the goods to us within 10 days.
4)Courteous demand for action：In view of our friendly business relations, we are sure that the matter will be settled appropriately
06 Persuasion/sales Letter（促销/推销函）
1. Approach of Persuasion Letter——Indirect Approach
2. General structure——AIDA
1) T o Arouse Attention
2) T o Create Interest
a)Benefits of the goods
b)Choose the right appeal to feature your product or service
c)Appeals mean the strategies you use to present a product or service to your readers.
d)Emotional Appeals: How people feel, taste, smell, hear, and see. Strategies that arouse people
through love, anger, pride, fear, and enjoyment.（Perfume, candy And food etc.）
e)Rational Appeals: Reason---thinking mind. Strategies based on saving money, making money,
doing a job better, or getting better use from a product.（Automobile tires，Tools，Industrial ，
equipment）
3) Desire: T o Convince the reader
a)Benefits of the goods
b)Point out and stress all the benefits that your product can offer
c)Determine the strongest psychological selling point:stressing a product’s benefits rather than
its physical features
4) T o Motivate Action
a)Ask for orders.
b)Offer other incentives that will make your reader responsive: a gift, a limited availability and a
discount.
c)No-risk guarantee. d)Strengthening words.
3. Principles of Persuasion Letter Writing
1)Vivid language. 2)Be concrete.
3)Focus on central selling point. 4)Use inductive（归纳）approach (deductive演绎).
5)S ome ―don’t‖ in Persuasion letter.
a)Don’t exaggerate.b)Don’t belittle your reader.
c)Don’t speak ill of your competitors.
?Show the reader what you can do, but not what others can not do!
07 Memo/memorandum
1. Components of Memo
1)Heading
MEMORANDUM / C ompany’s Logo / Slogan
?T o: (reader’s name and job title)
?From: (writer’s name and job title)
?Date: （complete and current date)
?Subject: (what the memo is about, highlighted in some way) ---Informative
2)Body
?Opening---state the purpose---Direct
?Details---Highlighted
3) Closing
?Action or Conclusive Sentence
2. Characteristics of Successful Memos
1)Subject Headings 2)Single topic
3)Conversational tone—Informal 4)Conciseness---A void Wordy Sentences 5)Visual Signaling：
?numbers/ bullet s编号?boldface斜体italics斜体?heading
3. Three points to A void
1)A void abruptness 2)A void over-politeness
3)A void unnecessary expressions
4. Attention
Inside the company
One topic in one memo
Without company letterhead
08 Meeting Material
Part 1 Notice
1. The Nature of Notice
1)Purpose: To give information briefly and make the reader follow the message quickly
2)Form to express
a)written on a blackboard or bulletin board公告板
b)written as a memo
c)written as a letter d)written as a postcard
e)written in an email
2. Types of Notice
?Meeting notice
?Notice for Greeting New Colleagues ?Holiday Notice ?Practice Notice
3. Layout of Notices
1)Heading (Subject matter or Notice)
2)Body (time, place, purpose, materials)
?Full-blocked form
?Use asterisks or bullet points or number
?Leave spaces between headings and different sections
?Use capitals, bold, italics or underlying
?Use sub-headings
3)Name and position（右下方4)Date(右下方
4. Language Tone of Notices: Brief; Specific; Eye-catching; Polite
5. Useful expressions
1)请注意……Please note that…
2)我们很高兴通知您……We are pleased to inform you…
W e have pleasure in informing you that…
3)我们想通知您……We would like to notif y you…
4)我们特此奉告……We have the honor to apprise you of…
5)我们冒昧奉告……We take the liberty of announcing to you that…
Part 2 Meeting Agenda
6. Difference between Agenda & Schedule:
1)An agenda: T opics to be discussed at a meeting; before the meeting is held.
2)Schedule: Work timetable.
?agenda是会议的议程，代办事项表。schedule是时间表，进度表。
7. Basic Components for the Formal Meeting
1)Call to order (宣布开始) 2)Approval of the agenda （批准议程）
3)Approval of the minutes of the last meeting（批准上次会议纪要）
4)Reports （报告）
5)Old or unfinished business （旧的或尚未完成的业务）
6)New business （新业务）7)Announcements （公告）
8)Adjournment （休会）
8. Agenda for the Informal Meeting
1)Call to order 2)Reports or announcements
3)Discussion items 4)Decision items
5)Adjournment
Part 3 Minutes
9. Basic facts of Minute: Take notes on the meeting then make a record（会议纪要
10. Types of minutes:
?Verbatim minutes 逐字逐句纪录
?Minutes of resolution 决定
?Minutes of narration 叙述
11. Steps of taking minutes
1)Heading: name, purpose, time, date, place, type
2)Body
?People attending, absent members
?Approval of previous meeting’s minutes, matter arising from those minutes
?A record of the principal points discussed and decisions made
?Time, date, place of next meeting
3)Signature & date
12. Language and tone of minutes
?Past tense ?Third person ?Reported speech
?Passive voice ?Formal words
13. Tips for writing minutes---About writing numbers:
1)Repeat numbers in legal or commercial writing.
The bill will not exceed on hundred (100) dollars.
2)Be consistent in numbers in writing. Two apples, six oranges, and 3 bananas
3)Write out numbers in the beginning sentence. 6% of the group failed.
4)Use a combination of figures and words.
The club celebrated the birthday of 6 90-year-olds who were born in the city.
09 Business Report
1. Categories of Reports
1)By content: feasibility report , laboratory report, proposal report
2)By function: informational report, analytical report, yardstick reports(指标报告)
3)By printed form: absence report, accident report, trip report, petty cash report现金出纳
4)By format: memo, letter, manuscript手稿printed
5)By formality: informal report, formal report
6)By length: short report, long report
7)By time: preliminary前期progress进程periodic阶段final report总结/总结报告
2. Formats of Reports
?Preprinted form ?Letter
?Memo ?Manuscript
3. Components of a formal report:
1)Prefatory part序言
?Cover ?Title Fly & Title Page提头
?Letter of authorization and letter of acceptance授权书和接受函
?Letter of Transmittal转送函?Executive Summary行政总结
?Table of contents目录?List of illustrations说明
2)T ext of the Report
?Introduction, body, conclusion, recommendation
3)Supplementary parts
?Appendix附录Bibliography参考文献index
4. Components of an informal report
1)Heading/Title
2)Introduction: terms of reference + procedure/proceedings
?Terms of reference:
?The purpose of this report is to ?The objective of this report is to ?The aim of this report is to
?Mr. X has asked me to report to investigate…/evaluate…/ study…/recommend…/ analyze…/give feedback.../ estimate.../assess…
3)Body (Findings)
?Objective & Impersonal ?Specific & Factual
?Collected without human help
4)Conclusions: Cannot be made other than by humans; Interpreted findings
5)Recommendations
a)Specific & constructive: REASON + SUGGESTION
b)Describe what will happen if your recommendation is followed or what might happen if it is
not.
6)Executive Summary (optional, long, two parts: ①purpose ②f, c, r )
5. Difference between Informational & Analytical Report
1)Informational reports --- Collect information, provide data
2)Analytical reports --- Emphasis is placed on analyzing, drawing conclusions, and proposing
recommendations.
Informational reports [periodic reports, situational reports (trip reports, progress reports),Investigative Report]
6. Layout of Investigative Report
1)Title: Report on …
2)Introduction (Purpose + Background)
3)Body(Scope of the Investigation + Methods of the Investigation + Findings)
4)Conclusion (Summary)
5)Recommendation (optional)
7. Feasibility report --- Author's analysis
A feasibility report analyzes the available information to determine whether a project is worth doing and what is the chance of success. It convinces your readers whether the project should be carried out and a particular plan is the best for doing it successfully. It also helps readers to consider the feasibility of the proposal from different angles.
8. Formula of Feasibility Report
补充analytical report：
1）findings,conclusions,and recommendations
2) Recommendation Reports
3) Feasibility Report
4) yardstick reports(指标报告)
9. Proposal --- Recommendation Reports
Write a recommendation report to seek approval when justifying or recommending something, such as installing a new computer system, hiring new employees, raising funds and adopting a new method.
10. Difference between Recommendation Report & Feasibility Report :
1) FR: -- Study possibility of success. Answer: yes, no, may be.
2)RR: -- Strongly recommends the action suggested.
1)For Introduction:
?This report sets out to explain the company's recent success and publicize our consequent plans for expansion.
?The purpose of this report is to improve efficiency.
?The objective of this report is to summarize the achi evements we’ve made as well as the setbacks we’ve experienced in the past year.
2)For Recommendation:
?On the basis of my investigation, it is suggested most strongly that we change our package design.
?It is felt that it would be better to establish a separate department for product development than expand the current duties of market research.
13. Language & Writing Style of Business Report
1)Objective & Impersonal 2)Specific & Factual
3)Coherent 4)Reported speech
5)Using Graphics --- Types of graphics:
a)A table (detailed, specific information)
b)A line chart (trends or relationships of two)
c)A bar chart (amounts) d)A pie chart (numbers)
e)A flow chart (Sequence)
14. Supplemental Writing Skills for Reports
1)Without abbreviations
2)Active tone
“我公司不能对订货少于10箱的单位发货。”
“We cannot supply in packs of less than ten.” (Negative)
“To keep packaging costs down and to help our customers save on postage, we supply in packs of ten or more.”
(Positive)
“As soon as possible” Situation: “如果你在要求对方完成一项他们正常职责之外的工作”
We will appreciate your translating for us as soon as possible. I can come for an interview as soon as possible.
“I would be able to come for an interview when it is convenient to you.”
3)Passive voice: to be objective and stress on ―matter‖
“I found from the interview that…”“The findings are based on interviews…”
4)Without subject
“I found it essential to take the action immediately.”
“It is essential that action is taken immediately.”“It is felt that…”“It is suggested that…”
5)Formal words & phrase
6)Noun phrase
“Th e staff feels deeply unhappy that management does not recognize their efforts.”
“A key staff complaint is lack of recognition.”
10 Technical Description & Operating Instruction
Part 1 Technical Description
1. Technical Description
The technical description (A kind of self-introduction) is a verbal representation of a product or process. An effective description transfers a mental image from the writer’s mind to the reader’s. Descriptions of products are indispensible to a product catalogue or purchase order. More often they are found in one section of a manual or report.
2. Contents of description in business
?Giving customers a good idea of its features
?Showing how a product is made
?Showing how a product works ?Showing why a product is used
?Sometimes providing a framework for further discussion
3. Three major types of descriptions
A.Description of External Features
a)Intended to identify the goods under question
b)Concerning merely the external features of commodities.
c)Common in product catalog and purchase order
d)Usually brief and specific
B.Description of Procedure (Involving a process, or a procedure)
a)Appearing similar to instructions, which also involve a process, a sequence of
operations.
b)Unlike instructions, they are mainly intended to give readers an understanding of the
general process, rather than instructing them how to work through it.
C.Description of Product
a)Giving detailed information on a product, such as its appearance, functions, components,
etc.
b)Presenting a overall picture of a product and thus are used as a part of product featuring.
4. Method of Development
1)When doing a process description, divide the process into distinct stages and then present them step
by step. Usually a chronological order is convenient for this purpose.
2)In product featuring, follow the sequence:
Give a definition in a general term →External overview →Descriptions of the function and purpose →Detailed discussion of components
5. Language of Descriptions --- Analogy, simile and metaphors.
6. Illustrations in Descriptions
Illustrations in the form of photographs, drawings, and diagrams are very powerful visual aids.
?Showing relationship more dramatically than words alone, and giving a great deal of information more efficiently.
?Photographs help readers to have a realistic view of the object. Also visual is the proportion of each part of the object in relation to other parts.
Part 2 Operating Instruction
7. Operating Instructions
1)Telling an accountant how to fill out a new form.
2)Showing a technician how to set up and operate a new piece of equipment.
3)Instructing a surgeon in the proper use and care of a new tool.
4)Operating instructions are associated with consumer products.
1)Instructions enable the reader to do something with minimum hesitation; they do not necessarily
require him to understand the operation. They explain to users how to operate a device or use a product.
2)Descriptions are verbal representation of a product or process. They show the readers how a
product is made, how it works and why it is used. They give the consumers a good idea of its features.
9. Features of Operating Instructions
1)Complete 2)Accurate 3)Precise
Any missing or inaccurate information may lead to disastrous consequences.
10. Points to Consider When Writing Instructions
1)Understand your task well
a)Instruction writers need to know about how the operations go. A good understanding of each
stage of operation can help you avoid giving confusing or inaccurate instructions.
b)Y ou may interview someone who is familiar with the operations, watch him perform the task, and
ask questions at each stage of operation.
2)Analyze your audience well
a)The level of knowledge and experience of readers can constrain the approach to instructions.
b)A void complicated sentences in writing instructions, especially when you judge the readers have
limited language ability.
c)A useful tip for analyzing your audience is to put yourself in the frames of reference of your
readers.
3)Choose a proper layout
4)Use language skillfully.
11. Layout of Instructions
1)Heading 2)Introductory explanation
3)T ools or materials 4)Warnings
5)General background 6)Sequenced instructions
7)T rouble-shooting guide
12. Sequenced Instructions
1)One good way to make instructions easy to follow is to divide them into short, simple steps. These
steps should be given following a proper sequence and they should not have gaps and loops.
2)Where there are a large number of steps, divide them into sections with a subheading for each. Use
continuous Arabic numbers throughout to indicate the continuity of the steps.
13. Styles of Presentation --- List and Prose（complete passage）
14. Language of Instructions
①Simple imperatives（Add ressee ―you‖ is often left o ut）②Modal verbs 3)conditions and aims of action4)positive sentences5)negative sentences6)avoid relative words 7）avoid ambiguity8)be careful with technical words9) a practical trip （课本194）
11 Contract（详见课本226至241）
1. A Checklist of Some Essential Clauses in Sales Contracts
?Introduction ?Price ?Delivery
?Terms of payment ?Documents ?Claims
?Settlement of disputes ?Governing law
?Termination ?Force Majeure
2. Sales or Purchase Contract in International Trading
1)Title 2)Preamble 3)Name of commodity 4)Quality 5)Quantity 6)Price
7)Packing/package 8)Insurance 9)Shipment & Delivery 10)Industrial Property Right & Patent 11)Payment
12)Inspection 13)Training 14)Confidential Clause 15)Guarantee 16)Claim
17)Breach & Rescission of Contract 18)Arbitration
19)Force Majeure 20)Applicable Laws
21)Miscellaneous Clause 22)Witness Clause
3. T erms of Payment
1)B/E 2)Banker’s draft
3)Bank transfer 4)Cash in advance
5)Advanced payment 6)Letter of Credit
7)Irrevocable Letter of Credit 8)Confirmed credit
9)Documentary collection 10)Open account
4. Documents
?Invoice, transport documents, certificate of origin and inspection, commercial invoice, etc.
?B/L, Air Waybill, Mate’s Receipt, Cargo Receipt, Freight-Forwarder’s Documents, Postal Receipt, manuscript signature etc.
5. Settlement of Disputes --- ①Litigation; ②Arbitration
6. Points to ponder in Contract Writing
1)酌情使用公文语惯用副词
?hereafter ?thereafter ?thereon\thereupon ?thereunder
?Hereto hereinabove\hereinbefore hereinafter\hereinbelow
?thereinbefore ?thereinafter
例：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereafter by the Buyer and the Builder.
2)易混淆的词语
2.1shipping advice 与shipping instructions
2.2 abide by 与comply with
例: 双方都应遵守/双方的一切活动都应遵守合同规定。Both parties Shall abide by/All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.
2.3change A to B 与change A into B
例：交货期改为8 月并将美元折合成人民币。 Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into Renminbi.
2.4ex 与per
例：由“维多利亚”轮运走/运来/承运的最后一批货将于10 月 1 日抵达伦敦。The last batch per/ex/by S.S. "Victoria" will arrive at London on October (S.S. = Steamship)
2.5in 与after
例：该货于11 月10 日由“东风”轮运出，41 天后抵达鹿特丹港。The good shall be shipped per M.V. "Dong Feng" on November 10 and are due to arrive at Rottedaml in 140 days. (M.V.= motor vessel)
2.6on/upon 与after
例：发票货值须货到付给。The invoice value is to be paid on/upon arrival of the goods.
2.7by 与before
例：卖方须在6 月15 日前将货交给买方。The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.
7．合同翻译样本
为在平等互利的基础上发展贸易，有关方按下列条件签订本协议：
This Agreement is entered into between the parties concerned on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to develop business on terms and conditions mutually agreed upon as follows:
由买方按发票金额110%投保全险。
To be covered by the buyer FOR 110% of the invoice value against All Risk.
商业发票一式3份。
Signed commercial invoice in 3 copies.
由当地检验机构签发的质量与数量证明书一式三份。
Certificate of quantity and quality in 3 copies issued by local Inspection Authority.
如买方提出索赔，凡属品质异议须于货到目的口岸起5天内提出。
The claims, if any regarding to the quality of the goods, shall be lodged within 5 days after arrival of the goods at the destination.
仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有约束力。
The decision of the arbitration shall be accepted as final and binding upon both parties.
结算方式：合同签署之日起3日内一次性付清全款。
Method of payment: payment must be pay off within three days since the signing of the contract.
仲裁费用，除另有规定外，由败诉一方负担。
Arbitration fees shall be borne by the losing party, unless otherwise awarded.
装运单据于付款后交至贵公司。
The shipping documents are to be delivered to you against payment only.
兹附上这批货物装运单据一套，包括：
Enclosed is one set of the shipping documents covering this consignment, as follows:
一旦装运完毕，卖方应即电告买方合同号、商品号、已装载数量、发票总金额、毛重、运输工具名称及启运日期等。
The sellers shall immediately, upon the completion of the loading of the goods, advise the buyers of the Contract No, names of commodity, loaded quantity, invoice values, gross weight, names of vessel and shipment date by TLX/FAX.
7. 合同词汇
1)即期票据Sight bill 2)唛头/发货标记Shipping Marks
3)不可抗力Force Majeure 4)仲裁Arbitration
5)诉讼Litigation 6)海运费freight
7)滞留detention detain 8)租船人charterers
9)区域territory 10)最低minimum
11)期满expiry 12)全险against all risk
13)修改，修订amendment 14)授权authorize
15)有约束力binding 16)违背breach
17)纸板箱cardboard 18)佣金commission
19)保险索赔insurance claim 20)共同的，双方的mutually
21)惩罚penalty 22)宣传publicity
23)装船，装货，装运期shipment 24)装运通知shipping advice
25)交货时间time of delivery 26)装运时期time of shipment
27)有效validity 28)船vessel
29)防水的waterproof 30)付款条件Payment Terms
31)不可撤销irrevocable 32)保兑confirmed
33)余额balance 34)账目account
35)船只vessel 36)收据receipt
37)存款deposit 38)装船要求shipping instruction
39)尺寸measure 40)一式三份triplicate
41)一式二份duplicate 42)散装in bulk
43)转运transshipment 44)分运partial shipment
(完整word版)国开大学商务英语1-6答案
国开04009商务英语1任务6参考答案 说明：如果课程题目是随机的，请按CTRL+F在题库中逐一搜索每一道题的答案 题目1：— What if he still doesn't pay up? — : If it's a small amount we write it off as bad debt. For larger sums we… ; I've got to hurry. ; I have already done that. 标准答案：If it's a small amount we write it off as bad debt. For larger sums we… 题目2：—The senior managers need the results from last month straight away, so I can’t stop to talk. I’ve got to hurry. — : Go slowly. ; Stay longer. ; Ok, see you later. 标准答案：Ok, see you later. 题目3：—Hello, Sally. What’s the matter with you? You look worried. — : What shall I do if a customer doesn’t pay up on the due date? ; Yeah, that’s true. It requires great attention. ; Don’t mention it. 标准答案：What shall I do if a customer doesn’t pay up on the due date? 题目4：He didn’t seem to any actions. : make ; do ; take 标准答案：take 题目5： your check is received within a week we shall have no alternative. : Unless ; As ; If 标准答案：Unless 题目6：二、阅读理解：阅读下面的对话，选择合适的内容将对话补充完整。
2020商务英语专业大学排名一览表
2020商务英语专业大学排名一览表 商务英语专业方向主要培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和较 系统的国际商务管理理论知识，具有较强的实践技能，能在外贸、外事、文化、新闻出版、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、管理、教学、研究工作的英语高级专门人才。一起来了解一下商务英语专业大学排名吧! 商务英语专业 排名 高校名称 开此专业学校数 1上海外国语大学3822华南理工大学3823黑龙江大学3824广东外语外贸大学3825上海财经大学3826对外经济贸易大学3827上海对外经贸大学3828江西师范大学3829华中农业大学38210四川外国语大学38211广东工业大学38212广州航海学院38213四川旅游学院38214浙江工商大学38215西南财经大学38216江苏理工学院38217暨南大学38218江西财经大学38219西安外国语大学38220福建江夏学院382 简要介绍 "商务英语"的概念从提出到今天，起始时间已经不短了，但在国际化大趋势下，英语学习市场风起云涌的今天，很多培训机构又把商务英语作为了其主要的培训项目。究竟什么是商务英语?
它又适合什么人读呢?我们仅仅从我们的角度来进行一些阐述，供大家参考。 从英语培训的目的来看，既有考试培训，又有能力培训，商务英语界乎两者之间。 在中国的市场更加深入地融入到国际经济社会之中时，国内人才市场由于大批外资公司的登陆，对商务英语的人才的需求也愈来愈大。不过我们再次要说明商务英语并不是万能的，也不是独立存在的，许多外企需要员工具有更加专业性的英语能力--"职业英语"，比如ETS的TOEIC和TOPE，也有人把TOEIC统称为商务英语，其实二者是有区别的，他们的含义与作用都不同。对于职业英语而言，学员参加某一项测试并得到一定的分数来证明其对英语语言的应用能力。学生需要和得到的是一个分数，证明其有能力承担相关的工作。而事实上，比如托福，得到高分的考生并不证明其拥有了相对应的能力。而商务英语，作为一种特定的教程，强调的不仅仅是语言的水平，而是一种实际综合素质的提高。B E C会帮助学员学会如何利用英语语言达到更高的职业目标。例如西方的管理理念、工作心理、如何与外国人打交道等等，实际的在工作中给学员以帮助。 "商务"、"英语"、若即若离 关于商务英语，不少人会有疑问，究竟是"商务中的英语"还是"商务加英语"，"商务"与"英语"两者内部到底是什么关系?确实
精选商务英语
一、选择填空：阅读下面的对话或句子，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个 能填入空白处的最佳选项。 题目1 标记题目 题干 —I’d like to have credit information about my corporate partner in Australia. 选择一项： A. Well, our department deals with all kinds of consultant service. B. Please call me at any time, if you have any questions.
C. I have something wrong with the credit of my cooperate partner. 反馈 你的回答不正确 解析：本题考核“资信查询”的交际用语。第一说话人想了解澳洲合作伙 伴的资信情况，听者应作出相应回答，选项A表示所在部门提供各种咨询 服务；选项B表示对方如果有问题可随时打电话；选项C表示自己弄错了 合作伙伴的资信；选项A的回答最接近第一句说话人的意图，所以答案是 A。 题目2 标记题目 题干 —How can people avoid food contamination nowadays?
选择一项： A. People should have balanced food to get different nutrients they need. B. I agree with you on this point, and we should pay more to attention to food safety. C. The government should set strict rules to standardize the production of food. 反馈 你的回答不正确 解析：本题考核“谈论食品安全”的交际用语，第一说话人询问如何避免 当今的食品污染问题，选项A表示人们应该均衡饮食以获取他们所需的不 同营养；选项B表示赞同对方观点，应关注食品安全问题；选项C表示政 府应该建立严格的规章制度来规范食品生产，所以答案是C。 题目3
英专综合教程6册课文翻译及课后答案Answer-to-unit1
Chinese Translation of Paragraphs 1. 二战时，曼彻斯特饱受空袭之苦。成长在那里，意味着岁月艰难、钱财短缺、心情焦虑，也意味着许多家庭都是当铺的常客，包括我家。 2. 不过，我的父母最是乐观向上。他们用勤劳、自尊和满屋子的欢笑撑起了这个家。我父亲身体结实，心灵手巧，他那双手几乎无所不能，从不缺木匠和手工活儿。他甚至偶尔还会参加偏僻街道的拳击比赛，补贴家用。我母亲勤俭节约，把家收拾得干净利落。尽管条件艰苦，但她总能让自己的五个孩子吃得饱饱、穿得整整齐齐、干干净净地上学去。 3. 问题是：虽说我的衣服熨得有棱有角，皮鞋擦得铮亮铮亮的，可总有些地方不符合标准校服的要求。尽管母亲缩衣节食为我筹到了大部分装束，但我仍然没能凑齐学校指定的蓝色运动上衣和帽圈。 4. 由于战争影响，开始实施配给制度，大部分学校也放宽了对正规校服的要求，因为学校明白能有衣服穿已属不易。然而，我就读的女子学校却严格规定，每位学生必须穿正规的校服。于是那位负责每天集合的副校长就将训斥我视为她的任务来做。 5. 尽管我试图去解释我为何没能按规定着装，尽管我也正逐渐向全套校服靠近，我每天依然会被揪出队列，在台上罚站，作为对违反校服规定者的警戒。 6. 我每天站在同学面前，只能强忍泪水，不仅羞愧难耐，而且常常只有我一人挨罚。对我的惩罚还扩大到不能上体操课或者我钟爱的每周一次的交谊舞课。我多么希望在这所可怕的学校里，哪怕只有一位老师能睁开双眼看看我能够做什么，而不是不停地告诉我不能做什么啊！ 7. 不过，12 岁的我在心里也毫无选择，只有眼睁睁地挨受惩罚。我明白不能让仁厚的母亲知道我所遭受的这种习惯性羞辱，这点非常重要。我也不敢冒险让她到学校替我求情，因为我知道那些心胸狭隘、不讲情面的教员们也同样会令她难堪，这意味着到时我们母女俩都要伤心、愤怒。老天！要是母亲再告诉父亲的话，他立马会大发雷霆，冲到学校来保护我。 8. 一天，我们全家在一家报纸举办的不收取费用的肖像模特摄影比赛中获了奖。我为此兴奋不已： 那些好莱坞女星魅力四射的照片更令我想入非非。我迫不及待地想把这个激动人心的消息告诉朋友们。 9. 在那之前，母亲告诉我必须穿那件绿色蕾丝镶边裙——我最好的服装——去上学，因为摄影比赛正好安排在放学之后。她丝毫没有意识到我所要面临的痛苦。 10. 那天，我没有往常穿上这件心爱衣服时的喜悦。我心情郁闷地拖着沉重的步伐来到学校，发现自己成为了蓝色海洋中的一颗绿宝石。集合的时候，我没等人下命令就慢步走上台，去承受其他女生的窃笑和副校长那尖刻的眼神。 11. 当我第无数次想到，这位老师怎么会如此麻木不仁，竟然从未透过我的着装，看看这颗顺从听话、渴望参与的女孩的心灵的时候，沮丧的泪水几欲夺眶而出。 12. 集合之后的第一节课是我钟爱的英国文学，上课的教师也是我所钟爱的。我安慰自己 说，至少我可以在后排座位上暂时沉浸在查尔斯狄更斯的《双城记》之中，以便能回过神
国开大学商务英语1-7
国开04009商务英语1任务7参考答案 说明：如果课程题目是随机的，请按CTRL+F在题库中逐一搜索每一道题的答案 题目1：— How long does the remittance take from New York? — : I don’t know for sure. It is quite busy now in our bank. ; I’m not sure. It depends on the mode your partner chose. ; I’m not sure about that. It is a big city. 标准答案：I’m not sure. It depends on the mode your partner chose. 题目2：— Can I exchange foreign currency in Bank of China? — : No, you can’t. Bank of China is not responsible for exchanging foreign currency. ; Yes, you can. Bank of China is an authorized foreign exchange bank. ; No, you can’t. Bank of China is not open on Sundays. 标准答案：Yes, you can. Bank of China is an authorized foreign exchange bank. 题目3：— —It arrives by mail, I suppose. : How does your remittance come? ; When will your remittance arrive? ; From which country does your remittance come? 标准答案：How does your remittance come? 题目4：If you want to pay something in another currency, you have to change your money into the other money. : in ; back ; for 标准答案：for 题目5：The question we should use this brand name will be decided by our marketing team. : whether ; what ; which 标准答案：whether 题目6：二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
大学商务英语怎么学
大学商务英语怎么学 第一步：找到你每日学习效率最高的时间点。 根据第一步测算，工作日期间每天能安排出2个小时的学习时间。但是这2个小时是集中学习、还是分散学习，又是因人而异。首先，你要确定一天中你学习效率最高的是什么时候。如果是起床后精神 最振奋，还是夜猫子不到12点就亢奋不起来;其次，你要知道自己 集中注意力的时间能保持多长，是十分钟还是半小时;最后，根据你 自己的生物钟，做出安排。 第二步：找出你的薄弱项，重点突破。 每个人在英语学习，尤其是商务英语学习方面的薄弱项都不同，有人听力差、有人单词少、有人开不了口，有人写不下来，所谓的“听说读写都不行”那是与其他人比较的结果。现在是要发现自己 的薄弱项，所以就“矮子里拔长子”，先选出一个最弱的，然后逐 一突破。如果每个都想提高，每个都花相同的力气，对于繁忙的上 班族来说，只会把自己弄得筋疲力尽、坚持不下去。所以请各位还 是有的放矢吧。 PS：语言学习不是孤立的，听力提高了，不可能单词量没上去; 阅读好了，不可能写作还是原地踏步。所以，不用担心“顾此失彼”，还是要逐一突破。 第三步：制定具有可行性的计划，并公之于众。 制定计划最怕的是好高骛远，什么每天背100个单词、听10篇 听力、写2篇作文、读一小时英语……计划是很好，也有很抱负， 但可行性不够。这样的计划，只是看起来很美而已，操作起来只会 很累。只能坚持十天半个月就会放弃的计划，不如不定。另外有一点，就是把你的计划、你的目标公之于众!这点很重要，把你的计划 贴在办公室的墙上，人来人往都会看到，当大家都知道你在学习英语，在复习BEC，还有半年就要去考BEC了，你就“硬着头皮也要
邹勇《新编实用商务英语》第二版课后翻译答案
III. Translate the following sentences into English 1. Negotiation plays a basic part in conclusion of a contract and has direct influence on the conclusion and implementation of a contract, and also has a great bearing on the economic interest of the parties concerned. 2. Both parties must change as required of them by situations, if either of them fails to find out which type of negotiation is necessary in a particular situation, the odds are he will fail. 3. How to mak e both “sides” meet in negotiations without causing much loss to either, which may bring both out of the win-lose mix and help accomplish their objectives, requires creativity. 4. Every party must be aware of the danger of relying mainly on the competitive approach if a long-term relationship is to be developed and maintained. 5. Establishing credibility from the outset is essential if the discussions are to progress towards agreements. 6. One of the advantages of using conditional questions is that they do not bind either side to a specific offer and do not require unilateral concessions by one party. 7. With a growing number of countries are becoming actively engaged in world trade, business executives are faced with such a demanding environment for their commercial negotiations that they need to master negotiation skills in a global setting. IV. Translate the following passages into Chinese 1.任何一位团队成员都不可能具有使公司战略获得成功所需要的所有才能。首席谈判必须选拔那些具有综合专业技能以及个人素质的人才形成一支精干的队伍。一名成员的弱点必须能被另一名成员的优点所弥补。他们的人不仅要懂专业技术知识，而且还须具有交流和应用这些知识的能力。团队的组织与玩拼图游戏类似，只有将所有的拼板与其相应的位置进行对应，游戏才能成功。 2.要想获得一个理想的协议，谈判者需要懂得谈判原则和谈判技巧。在国际商务谈判中有两条原则：谈判初期，谈判者对自己的预期目标要心中有数，不受对方任意操纵；谈判者需要提出要求，表明态度并坚持立场。 3.随着越来越多的国家积极地从事国际贸易，商务谈判环境对企业经理提出了更高的要求，所以他们需要掌握在国际环境下的谈判技巧。
日常商务英语
I have a message sent to you.please note the e-mail，我发了邮件给你，注意查收 i have received that 我收到了 Kindly acknowledge the receipt. 请查收。 Please take the matter up at once将事情提出来（要求处理，要求解决） take the place of 替代 We’ll take the matter up rightaway and give you a formal answer as soon as possible. 我方将立刻处理此事并尽快给您正式的答复。 just now 刚才 right away 马上，立刻 little by little 一点一点地 . in any case 不管怎样 Capital idea! 好主意 Please get the goods dispatched with the least possible delay. 请发货，尽量避免延误 the order I placed with you 发给你的订单 we’ll do our utmost to hasten(加速,催促) shipment.尽最大努力发货 We are much in need of the goods. Please expedite(加快；促进；发出 adj. 迅速的；畅通的；方便的) shipment as soon as possible. 我们急需该货，请尽可能安排发货 We wish to call your attention that up to the present moment no news has come from you about the shipment. Our users are in urgent need of the machines and are pressing us for an early delivery. 我们希望你能注意到直到目前还未收到你发货的任何消息，我们消费者急需该机器并为我们早点发货 We hope that there will be no delay in shipment any longer（再，只用于不再，再也无法忍受）. 我们希望发货不再延误 make the earliest possible shipment.尽早发货 thus(因此) enabling(使能够) the goods to arrive here in time to catch the brisk （活跃的）demand（需求）
商务英语写作课后翻译答案
欢迎各位员工及家人参与。 . , . 董事会将于月日星期五下午点在室召开会议。 . 我们的门诊政策有所变动，希望大家注意。 ’. 这个星期三的公司例会宣布成立公司研发部。 . 有关详情请联系张文，电话是。 . 借此机会感谢大家的配合。 . 我们非常希望你能参加我们的结婚典礼，希望能在月日那天见到你。 . . ’. 夫妇很荣幸能邀请您参加庆祝他们女儿大学毕业的花园聚会。 . 我们盛情邀请您和家人参加的周年舞会。 . 希望您能接受邀请，并在月日之前回复。 . . 晚宴开始前在室会有茶点，欢迎前往。 . 请于天内汇款以维持您的信用等级。 , , . 虽然公司已预订在星期六使用会所，但是我们仍能为您提供人的会议室。 . 您要求报销差旅费的请求已被批准，相信您一定很高兴得知这一消息。 . 凭借在饮食业的丰富经验，我们能为顾客提供最好的服务。 . 从您的来信得知，已发现五把椅子在装运过程中受到损坏。 . 我们希望本月底以前收到您应付的金额。 , . 我们希望你们能对货物满意，并期待收到你们更多的订单。 . 对于任何不便之处我们再次表示歉意。 . 如能尽早回复，不胜感激。 . 我们期待与你们的合作愉快而成功。 ’. 请注意公司周年舞会的日期变动。
下面我将罗列有关结果。 . 以下政策立即生效。 . 请于星期五告知你假期里的联系电话。 . 与的合作将对公司未来发展有帮助。 ’. 这份备忘录将展示与上海总公司会议的结果。 , . 我代表公司所有职员衷心祝贺你被委任为诺丁汉办公署的总经理。 . 祝你前程锦绣。 , , . 这是一个了不起的成就，我相信你的家人朋友还有你自己一定会引以为豪。 . 我们知道你为此付出了很多努力，你得奖是实至名归的。 . 祝你和你的事业继续走向辉煌。 . 这是董事会年五月份会议有关决策的报告。 . 目前调查的主要结果可总结为以下几点。 ’, . 这个建议是在我前三年研究的基础上提出的，我相信会行得通。 . 还有些其他方法可以降价。 , , ’. 目前我正在进行该项目的调查工作，已取得了下列成绩。 . 调查表明这类产品的市场正处于成长期。 “”. 我们希望能紧扣贵公司在广交会上展出的“象牙牌”照相机。 . 请告知您能给我们什么样的优惠。 , , . 我们公司希望能进口摩托车，如果贵公司能给我们寄上你们公司最新的产品目录、价格单和出后条款，我们将不胜感激。 . 我们有意采用贵公司现有的部分产品用于家具生产。 . 在此先感谢您对我们提供的帮助。 .
商务英语
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter applying for a position of a company. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1、申请职位， 2、简要介绍自己的情况， 3、期待回信。 范文： Dear Sir or Madam I am senior from the Department of Business Administration of Beijing University. I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for admission into your esteemed institution/your recently advertised position for a staff member. I am sure that I am qualified for it. First, enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and work experience. Second, not only do my qualifications and experience make me a perfect candidate for it, my cheerful personality is well suited to studying in your prestigious university/working as a staff member. Last, my hobbies include sports and music. Words fail me when I try to express my heartfelt gratitude to the help you rendered me. Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 本文通过对BEC中级考生文章的分析，给广大考生一点备考建议。 首先一点，我们必须牢记，归根结底，BEC作文考察的还是考生英语表达能力。所以学生并不需要担心自己缺乏这方面的实际经验是否会影响考场发挥。（顺便提一句，BEC高级对商务知识的要求大大提高，因此考生要在语言功底上苦下功夫。比如说，写商务报告的固定格式和用于必须牢记在心。） 与此同时，试题结合商务实战的特点，要求文章必须包含特定信息点，或者是通过提供信息源，以及考题中的标注，规定考生写作的具体范围和内容。所以审题是关键，所有已知条件都必须充分利用，换言之，如果遗漏已知条件，就会因信息表达不完整而导致失分。以下是对我的一名学员习文进行点评。 PART ONE You have been informed that next Wednesday your company's computer system will be closed down so that improvements can be made. Write an email to all staff in your department: ? saying what time on Wednesday the system will be closed down
商务英语写作课后习题答案整理
国贸1094班商务英语写作课后习题答案整理 考试题型： 1. 词汇（汉译英）15% 2. 介词填空 15% 3.选择题(课后) 15% 4. 句子翻译 25% 5. 写信 30% 第一单元：商务书信写作的基础知识 1．(1) Shaanxi Machinery & Equipment Imp. & Exp. Corporation (2) 29 ChangleZhong Road Xi’an, China (3) Tel: (86 29) 85332653 (4) Fax:（86 29）85335496 (5) Sept. 9, 20 (6) The Pakistan Trading Company (7) 15 Broad Street Karachi, Pakistan (8) Attebtion: Export Dept. (9) Dear Sirs, (10) Re: (Oil Tools) (11) We thank you for your letter dated……(message) (12) Yours Faithfully, (13) Shaanxi Machinery & Equipment Imp. & Exp. Corporation (Signature) Wang Wei Manager
第二单元：建立贸易关系及信用调查 1.(1)-(5) cdbbb (6)-(10) bdcbb 2.(1) regards, say (2)specialized,with(3)with,by (4) If,interesting,enquiry(5)available (6) popularity (7)finances, to (8) compliance 3. (1) We are one of the leading importers dealing in electronic products in the area, and take this opportunity to approach you in the hope of establishing business relations. (2) We have been engaged in handling importing and exporting of machinery and equipment for many years, and our products have enjoyed great popularity in many countries. (3) We owe your name and address to the Commercial Counselor’s office of our Embassy in Beijing. (4) We are given to understand that you are a manufacturer of daily chemicals. One of our clients intends to buy cosmetics from your country. We will appreciate it highly if you can airmail the catalogue and the price list of your products available at present. (5) For our credit standing, please refer to the Bank of China, Shanghai Branch
商务英语专业大学生的自我鉴定(完整版)
商务英语专业大学生的自我鉴定 商务英语专业大学生的自我鉴定 第一篇： 商务英语专业大学生的 给大家提供一篇一名商务英语专业的大学生的学习。 回顾大学前两年，通过良师的教导和自身的刻苦学习，我已初步掌握如何运用英语知识进行一般商务活动，也养成了认真对待学习和工作的好习惯! 在思想品德上，本人有良好道德修养，并有坚定的政治方向。我热爱祖国，热爱人民，坚决拥护共产党领导和社会主义制度，遵纪守法，爱护公共财产，团结同学，乐于助人。并以务实求真的精神热心参予学校的公益宣传和爱国主义活动。 在学习上，我圆满地完成本专业课程。并具备了较强的英语听读写能力。对offie办公和其它流行能熟练操作，并在因特网上开辟了自己个人空间。平时我还涉猎了大量文学、心理、营销等课外知识。相信在以后理论与实际结合当中，能有更大提高! 在生活上，我崇尚质朴的生活，并养成良好的生活习惯和正派的作风。此外，对时间观念性十分重视。由于平易近人待人友好，所以一直以来与人相处甚是融洽。敢于拼搏刻苦耐劳将伴随我迎接未来新挑战。 在工作上，我通过加入院学通社与合唱团，不但锻炼自己的组织交际能力，还深刻地感受到团队合作的精神及凝聚力。更加认真负责对待团队的任务，并以此为荣!
作为积极乐观新时代青年，我不会因为自己的大专文凭而失去自信，反而我会更加迫切要求自己充实充实再充实。完善自我石我未来目标。且我相信:用心一定能赢得精彩! 良禽择木而栖，士为伯乐而荣，勤奋的我将以不怕输的韧劲融入社会。愿借您的慧眼，开拓我人生旅程。 此文章来源于欢迎大家继续浏览 电子商务专业学生的 大专生五年学习生活的 第二篇： 商务英语专业大学生 回顾大学三年，通过良师的教导和自身的刻苦学习，我已初步掌握如何运用英语知识进行一般商务活动，也养成了认真对待学习和工作的好习惯！ 在学习上，由于高考落榜带来的灰心，曾有一阵消极，为珍惜这学校所给的学习机会，用从未有过的拼搏的精神学习自己的国贸专业，还利用课余时间学习一些网络和办公软件来充实自己。并在学校得到了肯定连或三年学校的奖学金，我相信自己在以后理论与实际相结合中，能有更大的进步提高。 在工作上，我通过加入院学通社与合唱团，不但锻炼自己的组织交际能力，还深刻地感受到团队合作的精神及凝聚力。更加认真负责对待团队的任务，并以此为荣！ 在思想品德上，我有良好的道德修养，并有坚定的政治方向，关注国家的时势要闻，积极向党组织靠拢，使我对我们党有更为深刻的
商务英语
1.世界交换或贸易exchange or trade for goods 2.世界经济舞台the world economic scene 3.国外直接投资foreign direct investment 4.多国企业multinational enterprises 5.商业和投资银行commercial and investment banking 6.有价证劵投资portfolio investments 7.金融风险financial risk 8.支付差额balance-of-payments 9.法律文件 a legal document 10.有效经营effective operation / operate effectively Chapter 2 1)独资企业sole proprietorship 2)普通合伙企业general partnership 3)法人legal person 4)合股公司joint-stock company 5)董事会board of directors 6)国有公司public corporation 7)资本摊缴capital contribution 8)多数股权controlling interest 9)优先股股东preferred stockholder 10)公司章程articles of incorporation Chapter 3 1)最终消费者（用户）ultimate consumer 2)增值价值value added 3)批发商merchant wholesaler 4)产品花色品种product assortment 5)地方效用place utility 6)邮售mail-order 7)专业商店specialty store 8)现金流量cash flow 9)存货控制inventory control 10)市场分区（片区）market segment Chapter 4 1)总体运营overall operation 2)宏观经济学macroeconomecs 3)微观经济学microeconomecs 4)通货膨胀inflation 5)扩展性的货币政策an expansionary monetary policy 6)紧缩性的货币政策an restrictive monetary policy 7)货币流通currency circulation/ circulation of money 8)货币投放量the size of money supply 9)经济萧条stagnant economy /economic depression 10)均衡数量equilibrium quantity
商务英语课后习题答案
练习参考答案 UNIT ONE Exercises Ⅰ. Translate the following institution names into Chinese and explain their basics to your classmates in your own words. 1. World Trade Organization __世界贸易组织_____________ 2. International Chamber of Commerce __国际商会_____________ 3. United Nations Conference on Trade & Development _联合国贸易和发展会议________ 4. World Bank __世界银行__________ 5. International Monetary Funds __国际货币基金组织_____________ 6. The Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China ___中华人民共和国商务部___ 7. The China Council for the Promotion of International Trade __中国国际贸易促进委员会___ 8. General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国海关总署 9. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China _国家质量监督检验检疫总局____ Ⅱ.Judge whether the following statements are true or not through
国开商务英语4-5
—Are the Project Managers sharing information and contacts and so on? —________ . 选择一项： A. Yes, there's really nothing to worry about B. Yes, they hesitate to do it C. No, they are doing very well 反馈 你的回答正确 解析：本题考核“探讨团队工作”的交际用语。选项A做出积极的正面回答；选项B和C的回答各自前后矛盾，所以答案是A。
正确答案是：Yes, there's really nothing to worry about 题目2 标记题目 题干 —Are the Project Managers linking up OK? —They seem to be, yes._________ . 选择一项： A. One of them hopes to quit now B. There's been a good atmosphere at the first
C. They don't seem to know each other 反馈 你的回答正确 解析：本题考核“探讨团队工作”的交际用语。第一说话人询 问项目经理们是否联系良好，回答是“是的”，顺着这个正面 答复继续谈论的只有选项B“第一次管理会议气氛良好”，所 以答案是B。 正确答案是：There's been a good atmosphere at the first management meetings 题目3 标记题目
国开大学商务英语1-5答案
国开04009 商务英语 1 任务 5 参考答案说明：如果课程题目是随机的，请按CTRL+F 在题库中逐一搜索每一道题的答案 题目 1 ：Oh. But why didn ' t he just own up and tell someone? : He was too scared that he would be fired, I suppose. ; You should have told him that earlier. ; So be careful with our job. He was too scared that he would be fired, I suppose. 标准答 案： 题目2 ：—I bet that Mike wished you had told him that earlier. : We should also find what the customers think. ; So be careful with our job. ; Well, Mike isn ' t a fool, he won ' t do that again. 标准答 Well, Mike isn ' t a fool, he won ' t do that again. 案： 题目3 ：—Hello, David! I haven ' t heard from you for a long time. How have you been recently? : Not bad, thank you. ; That ' s ok.
; Long time no see. 标准答Not bad, thank you. 题目4：We are entitled to cancel it if you fail to the contract. : honor ; sign ; draw up honor 标准答 案： 题目 5 ：improve your service, you need to make market surveys so as to know what your customers are thinking and demanding. : In order that ; So as to ; In order to 标准答In order to 题目 6 ：二、阅读理解：阅读下面的对话，选择合适的内容将对话补充完整。
商务英语
1 List each staff member and corresponding salary for the employee in a spreadsheet to get an idea of the total current staffing cost on a weekly, monthly and yearly basis. 2 Develop your staff budget in the same spreadsheet. After totaling up the expe nses, establish a firm ceiling for expenditures on staff. Make adjustments to the budget expenses over time to ensure compliance with that staff spending maximum. As the business grows, you can increase the limit to hire more people as needed. 3 Evaluate need in the department regarding staff periodically. Ask current workers if they need assistance with their work and monitor the work process to decide if more staff is necessary. 4 Monitor the productivity of current staff to make further decisions regarding the budget, particularly staff cuts if required. Y ou can keep tabs on the performance of workers using software and regular performance reviews (meetings to discuss each worker's progress). For instance, companies can keep track of the efficiency of data entry professionals with software that times and evaluated entries over a period of time. 5 Make additions or deletions to the current staff and corresponding budget based on your findings periodically. For instance, if you find that an employee isn't meeting productivity goals nor helping the firm operate efficiently, you might decide to eliminate that position and update the staff budget accordingly. 6 Set a date to adjust the staff budget each year after taking into account all factors (such as productivity and revenues) from the previous year. As staffing managers Gennie Justus and Joyce Siegele of Northside Hospital in Atlanta explain, budgeting changes are based on trends, historical numbers of employees and internal changes. Effective feedback is specific, not general. (Say, "The report you turned in yesterday was well-written, understandable, and made your points about the budget very effectively." Don't say, "good report.") Effective feedback always focuses on a specific behavior, not on a person or their intentions. (When you held competing conversations during the meeting, when Mary had the floor, you distracted the people in attendance.) The best feedback is sincerely and honestly provided to help. Trust me, people will know if they are receiving it for any other reason. Successful feedback describes actions or behavior that the ind ividual can do something about. Whenever possible, feedback that is requested is more powerful. Ask permission to provide feedback. Say, "I'd like to give you some feedback about the presentation, is that okay with you?" Effective feedback involves the sharing of information and observations. It does not include advice unless you have permission or advice was requested.