大学英语四级考试考点词汇及真题解析(3)

大学英语四级考试考点词汇及真题解析(3)
大学英语四级考试考点词汇及真题解析(3)

大学英语四级考试考点词汇及真题解析(3)I\J\K

1.imaginative /imaginable /imaginary

这三者都是形容词。 imaginative表示“富有想象力的,爱想象的”;imaginable是“可以想象得到的”,常与形容词最高级或all,every,only等连用,可放在被修饰的名词后; imaginary是“想象的,虚构的,假想的”。

e.g.an imaginative artist 富有想象力的艺术家

the only solution imaginable 唯一想得出的办法

an imaginary enemy 假想敌

典型考题:The doctor is trying to save the patient by every means .

A.imaginative B.imaginable C.imaginary D.imagination

答案B。句意:医生在努力用一切想得出的办法来抢救这位病人。imagination为名词,“想象力,想象”。

2.incident /accident/ event

incident与accident,event都可以表示“事件”。accident 多指造成损失的意外事故,如车祸等。固定短语by accident(=by chance)偶然;incident“事件”,一般指比较次要的事件,但也可指在政治上会引起国际争端或战争的事件、事变,作为形容

词时,其相应的短语be incident to表“易发生的”;event指较重大的事件或历史事件,复数形式表“时局”、“时事”。

e.g.the July 7th Incident of 1937 1937年七七事变

a disease incident to children 儿童易发病

He met with an accident during this journey.他在这次旅途中出事了。

an important event 大事

典型考题:He was killed in a traffic in 1999.

A.incident B.event C.incidence D.accident

答案D。句意:他在1999年的一次交通事故中死亡。incidence为名词,“影响”,“发生率”。

3.industrial/industrious

industrial 与industrious 两词都是形容词,但意思不同。industrial是“工业的,工业发达的,供工业的”意思;industrious“勤劳的,勤奋的”,固定短语be

industriousin“勤于做……”。

e.g.an industrialworker 产业工人

The Chinese people are industrious and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

Industrial Revolution 产业革命,工业革命

典型考题:The young couple is in their own factory.

A.industrial B.industrious C.indulge D.individual 答案B。句意:这对年轻的夫妇勤于经营他们自己的工厂。indulge表“沉溺,放纵”,是动词;individual“个别的,单独的”。

4.insensible /insensitive

形容词insensible与insensitive,前者表“失去知觉的,昏迷的”,“一无所知的(作表语)”,它还可指“(变化)极其细微的、极其缓慢的”;后者表“感觉迟钝的,不敏感的,不灵敏的”,常用于固定短语be insensitive to“对……不敏感,对……感觉迟钝”。

e.g.fall insensible 昏过去

insensible motion 极缓慢的运动

be insensible of one's danger 不知道自己所面临的危险

be insensitive to the public opinion 对舆论反应不灵敏

He was knocked insensible by a sudden blow?彼?遭人猛然一击而不省人事。

典型考题:Generally speaking,the blind are to light.A.insensible B.insensitive C.insecure D.insignificant

答案B。句意:一般说来,盲人对光没有感觉。insecure“不安全的,无保障的”;insignificant“无意义的,无关紧要的”。

5.jealous /envious

形容词jealous,envious二者近义,都表“妒忌的,羡慕的”。envious主要作“羡慕”解,指希望得到别人的东西;用于贬意时,指因未获得某物而不满。而jealous语义要比envious强,指对别

人占有的或自己企图占有的东西感到不满或怀有恼恨的心理,认为

应属于自己或自己应得。二者常用于固定短语be envious of/be jealous of当中。jealous还表“留意提防的,猜疑的,戒备的”。

e.g.be envious of another person's good fortune 羡慕

他人的好运气

be jealous of their great success 嫉妒他们的成功

be jealous of one's rights 小心翼翼地保护自己的权利

典型考题:We should keep a eye on the prisoners every moment.

A.jealous B.envious C.jealousy D.envy

答案A。句意:我们要每时每刻注意看守犯人。 jealousy,envy 分别是 jealous 与 envious 相应的名词。

6.join /connect /combine

这三个词都表示“连接”。join强调原来是分离着的东西,现

在连接或联合在一起,除“连接”外,也有“加入”的意思;connect指两物在某些方

面有关联,但各自保持自己的特点和独立性,可用于具体事物

或抽象概念;combine着重“结合为一”,多用于抽象或无形的东西。

e.g.join the army 参军

join in a conversation 参加谈话

The two cities are connected by a newly-built

railway.一条新建的铁路把两个城市衔接起来。

Combine enthusiasm with perseverance,and we shall succeed.有了热情,再加上不懈的努力,我们就会成功。

典型考题:Don't waste time;let's hands in the business.A.join B.connect C.combine D.join in

答案A。句意:别浪费时间了,让我们携起手来。join in后接

某项活动。

7.journal/periodical/magazine

journal与periodical,magazine这三个词均表“杂志”。journal“专刊”,正式用语,多指学术性刊物或描述当前人们关心

事情的刊物;periodical“期刊、杂志”,多指定期发行的刊物,

如周刊、月刊,不指日刊;magazine主要指一种常带插图并收集各

种各样的文章、故事、诗歌、评论等的期刊。它以刊登专门材料为

内容,以具有某种特殊爱好、兴趣或职业的读者为对象。

e.g.a scientifical journal 科学杂志

a weekly periodical 周刊

several kinds of magazines 好几种杂志

典型考题:As a doctor,I'm very interested in medical .A.magazine B.journal C.periodical D.technical

答案B。句意:作为医生,我对医学杂志非常感兴趣。

technical 技术的,专门的。

8.knock /beat /hit/strike

这四个词均可用作名词和动词,都与汉语的“打”有关。knock

指用拳头或其他硬的东西“敲、击、打”,也可指“击成”某种状态。常接头、球、墙壁等物作宾语。固定短语knock down表“击倒,撞倒,摧毁”;beat“打一顿”,指连续地打,还可指“有节奏的

敲击声,节拍,(心脏等)跳动”;hit侧重“击中”的意思,有

时可以表示“打一下”;strike一般用语的“打”,用途很广,另

有“罢工”之意。

e.g.knock at the window 敲窗户

beat sb?眜p 打某人一顿

be beaten to death 被打死

a hit on the target 命中目标

strike the nail with a hammer 用锤敲钉子

典型考题:As we know,“ while the iron is hot”is a famous proverb.

A.knock B.beat C.hit D.strike

答案D。句意:众所周知,“趁热打铁”是句有名的谚语。

9.knowledge /information /learning

knowledge“知识”,一般是指正确而且系统的知识,它可指个人的知识,也可指全人类所积累的知识。它前面常用表示“获得”的动词,如acquire,obtain,get等。但它不与study或learn连用。常用词组to sb??'s knowledge表“据某人所知”;information“知识”,指个人从他人、书本、观察、实际中所得来的真实的或想象的知识或信息,常指零碎的知识,亦有“资料,情报”之意;learning“知识,学问”,指通过刻苦钻研后获得的反映客观事物的系统知识。它还表“学习”。

e.g.book knowledge 书本知识

acquire knowledge 求得知识

accumulate a great amount of information 积累大量的资料firsthand information 第一手资料

officialinformation 官方消息

a man of learning 有学问的人,学者

典型考题:To my ,Tom has been there severaltimes.

A.knowledge B.view C.information D.learning

答案A。句意:据我所知,汤姆到过那儿好几次了。view“观点,看法”。

L

lap/l p/n.①膝上②(跑道的)一圈③(旅程的)一段

v.①(动物)舔,舔食②(波浪等)拍打

[常用词组]

lap up 欣然接受

largely/`la:d li/ad.大部分,主要地

laser/`leiz /n.激光

latter/`l t /n.后者a.①后者的②后一半的,末了的

laughter/`l ft ,`la:ft /n.笑,笑声

launch/l n ,la:n /vt.①发动,发起(运动),推出(产品)②(into,in)使开始从事③从(船)下水④发射 n.发射,(船)下水,(新产品)投产laundry/`l ndri/n.①洗衣店,

洗衣房②洗好的衣服,待洗的衣服

lavatory/`l v 、t ri,`l v t ri/n.厕所,盥洗室

lawn/l n/n.草地,草坪

layer/`lei /n.层,层次

layout/`leiaut/n.布局,安排,设计

leader/`li:d /n.领袖,领导者

leadership/`li:d ip/n.领导,领导层

leading/`li:di /a.①最重要的,主要的②首位的,带头的,领衔的

leak/li:k/v.①(使)漏,(使)渗出②泄露,走漏n.①

漏洞,裂缝②泄漏,漏出量③(消息等的)走漏

lean/li:n/vi.①倾斜,屈身②靠,倚,依靠vt.使倾斜,

使倚靠a.①瘦的,少脂肪的②贫乏的,贫瘠的,收益少的leap/li:p/vi.①跳,跳跃②激增,骤变

[常用词组]

by /in leaps and bound 极其迅速地

legislation/、led is`lei n/n.①法律,法规②立法,法

律的制定(或通过)

leisure/`li:?迹琡le ?迹痭.①空闲时间,闲暇②悠闲,安逸

[常用词组]

at leisure①有空,闲暇时②从容不迫地,不慌不忙地

lemon/`lem n/n.①柠檬(树)②柠檬黄,淡黄色

lens/lenz/n.透镜,镜头,镜片

lest/lest/ conj.唯恐,免得

[考点]lest引导目的状语从句,从句的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形表示虚拟语气。类似的词语还有: inorder that,for fear that,in case。

[全真考题]

The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he himself.(CET-4,98.1—38)

A)injure B)had injured C)injured D)would injure

[答案]A

[注释]本题测试lest用法。由lest引导的句子谓语部分

应用虚拟语气should +动词原形,should可以省略,故A)injure正确。lest意为“以防、以免”,等同于in case,for fear that。

[译文]这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房,以免他伤害自己。

liable/`lai bl/a.①(to)可能的,大概的②(for)有法律责任的,有义务的③(to)易于……的,有……倾向的,易患……病的

liberal/`lib r l/a.①心胸宽阔的,开明的②自由的,不受约束的③(指政治观点上的)自由主义的④ 慷慨的,大方的liberate/`lib reit/vt.①解放,使获自由②释放,放出

liberty/`lib ti/n.①自由,自由权②许可,准许③[常pl.]过于随便,放肆

[常用词组]

at liberty 自由的,不受囚禁的

limitation/、limi`tei n/n.①限制,限度②[常pl.]局限

[全真考题]

With all its advantages,the computer is by no means without its .(CET-6,91.6—60)

A)boundaries B)restraints C)confinements D)

limitations

[答案]D

[注释]A)boundaries,boundary意为“分界线,边界”。B)restraints,restraint意为“限制的东西”。C)confinements,confinement意为“限制”。D)limitations,limitation意为

“缺点,局限性”。

[译文]计算机尽管有许多优点,但并非没有局限性。

loan/l un/n.贷款,借,贷vt.暂借

[常用词组]

on loan 暂借的(地)

lobby/`l bi/n.①(旅馆、戏院等的)大厅,休息室②院外

活动集团v.向(议员等)进行游说(或疏通)

local/`l uk l/a.①地方性的,当地的,本地的②局部的,

狭隘的n.[常pl.]当地人,本地人

locate/l u`keit/vt.①探明,找出②把……设置在,使座

落于

location/l u`kei n/n.①位置,场所②(电影的)外景拍

摄地

lodge/l d /vi.暂住,借宿vt.供……以临时住宿n.乡间小屋,旅舍

log/l g/n.①原木,木料②航海(或飞行)日志vt.正式记录

[常用词组]

log in 进入计算机系统

log out 退出计算机系统

logic/`l d ik/n.逻辑(学),逻辑性

logical/`l d ik l/a.①逻辑(上)的,符合逻辑的②合乎常理的

loop/lu:p/n.①圈,环,环状物②回路,循环v.(使)成环,(使)成圈

loose/lu:s/a.①松的,宽松的②不精确的,不严密的③自由的,散漫的

loosen/`lu:s n/v.①解开,放松②松驰

loyal/`l i l/a.忠诚的,忠心的

loyalty/`l i lti/n.忠诚,忠心

[全真考题]

Dogs are often praised for their ;they almost never abandon their masters.(CET-6,95.6—70)

A)faith B)loyalty C)trust D)truthfulness

[答案]B

[注释]A)faith意为“信心,信任”。B)loyalty意为“忠实”。C) trust意为“信任,信赖”。D)truthfulness意为“诚实,说真话”。

[译文]狗经常因为忠实而受到称赞,它们几乎从来不背弃自己的主人。

M

manner/`m n /n.①方式,方法②态度,举止③[pl.]风度,礼貌,规矩

[常用词组]

all manner of 各种各样的,形形色色的

in a manner of speaking 不妨说,在某种意义上

manual/`m nju l/a.用手的,手工做的n.手册,指南

manufacture/`m njuf kt /vt.(大量)制造,加工n.①(大量)制造,制造业②[pl.]制造品,产品

manufacturer/.m nju`f kt r /n.制造商,制造厂

mathematical/.m i`m tik l/a.数学(上)的

mature/m `t u ,m `tju /a.①熟的,成熟的②成年人的③深思熟虑的,慎重的④(票据等)到期的,应支付的v.(使)成熟,(使)长成

maximum/`m ksim m/a.最高的,最大的,顶点的n.最大限

度,最大量,顶点

mayor/m /n.市长

means/mi:nz/n.①方法,手段,工具②金钱,财产

[常用词组]

by all means 当然可以

by means of 用,依靠

by no means 决不,并没有

meantime/`mi:ntaim /ad./n.其时,其间

measurement/`me m nt,?馺mei m nt/n.①衡量,测量②[常pl.](量得的)尺寸,大小

mechanic/mi?駅?Vnik/n.①技工,机修工2.[-s]力学,机械学3.[pl.](制作或操作的)过程,方法,技术性细节mechanical/mi`k nik l/a.①机械的,机械制造的②机械学的,力学的③机械似的,呆板的

mechanism/`mek niz m/n.①机械装置②机制,机理③办法,途径

medal/`med l/n.奖牌,奖章,勋章

media/`mi:di /n.新闻媒介,传播媒介

medium/`mi:dj m/a.中等的,适中的n.①媒质,媒介物,

传导体②新闻媒介,传播媒介③手段,工具

melt/melt/v.①(使)融化,(使)溶化②(使)消散,

(使)逐渐消失

membership/`memb ip/n.①会员身份(或资格、地位),会籍②全体会员,会员数

memorial/mi`m ri l/a.纪念的,悼念的n.纪念碑,纪念堂,纪念仪式

merchant/`m :t nt/n.商人

mercy/`m :si/n.①慈悲,仁慈,宽容②恩惠,幸运

[常用词组]

at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布,完全受……支配

[全真考题]

Even though he was guilty,the judge did not send him to prison.(CET-6,97.1—5)

A)merciful B)impartial

C)conscientious D)conspicuous

[答案]A

[注释]A)merciful意为“仁慈的,宽大的”。B)impartial意为“不偏不倚的、公正的”。C)conscientious意为“认真的,勤恳的”。D)conspicuous意为“显眼的、明显的”。

[译文]尽管他有罪,那位仁慈的法官也没有把他送进监狱。

mess/mes/n.①凌乱状态,脏乱状态②混乱的局面,困境vt.弄糟,弄脏,搞乱

[常用词组]

mess about/around ①无目的、无计划地瞎忙②浪费时间,闲

荡③轻率地对待

mess up ①把……弄糟②把……弄乱(或弄脏)

mess with 干预,介入

minor/`main /a.①较小的,较少的②次要的n.①未成年

人②副修科目vi.(in)(大学中)副修

minority/mi`n riti,mai`n riti/n.①少数,少数派②少

数民族

[全真考题]

Most nurses are women,but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a .(CET-6, 97.6—53)A)scarcity B)minority C)minimum D)shortage

[答案]B

[注释]A)scarcity意为“稀少,歉收”。B)minority意为“少数”。C)minimum意为“最低限度,最少量”。D) shortage

意为“不足,缺少”。

[译文]大多数护士是妇女,但在高层次的医务工作中,妇女

只是少数。

mister/`mist /n.先生

misunderstand/.mis nd `st nd/vt.误解,误会

mixture/`mikst /n.①混合②混合物

mobile/`m ubail/a.①运动的,活动的,可动的②流动的,

机动的③多变的,易变的n.移动电话

[全真考题]

The service operates 36libraries throughout the country,while six libraries specially serve the countryside.(CET-6,93.6—54)A)mobile B)drifting C) shifting D)

rotating

[答案]A

[注释]A)mobile意为“活动的,流动的”。B)drifting意

为“漂流的”。C)shifting意为“移动的、转换的”。D)

rotating意为“正在转动的,旋转的”。

[译文]这家服务机构在全国有36个图书馆,同时有6个专为

农村服务的流动图书馆。

mode/m ud/n.方式,样式,风格

moderate/`m d rit/a.①中等的,一般的②温和的,稳健的

③有节制的,适度的

/`m d reit/v.(使)和缓,(使)减轻,(使)减弱

/`m d rit/n.持温和观点者

modest/`m dist/a.①谦虚的,谦逊的②适中的,适度的,

不太多的③羞怯的

modify/`m difai/vt.①修改,更改②(语法上)修饰

moist/m ist/a.潮湿的,湿润的

moisture/`m ist/n.潮湿,湿气

mold/m uld /n.①霉,霉菌②模子,模型,铸模③(人的)性格,气质,类型vt.①用模子制作,浇铸,塑造②使形成,影响……的形成,把……塑造成

molecule/`m likju:l/n.分子

monthly/`m n li/a.每月的,每月一次的n.月刊

monument/`m njum nt/n.①纪念碑,纪念馆②历史遗迹

mood/mu:d/n.①心情,情绪②(动词的)语气

[全真考题]

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[答案]A

[注释]测试固定词组。be in no mood to do sth.没有心情做某事,还可为:be(not)in the mood to do sth.(没)有心情做某事。

[译文]我父亲似乎没有心情看我的成绩单。

multiple/`m ltipl/a.复合的,多重的,多种多样的n.倍数

multiply/`m ltiplai/v.①(使)增加,(使)繁殖②乘,(使)相乘

muscle/`m sl/n.①肌肉,体力②力量,实力

[全真考题]

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[注释]习惯用法。名词leg作定语,修饰muscles,意为“腿部肌肉”。A)my leg's muscles名词所有格大多数用于表示有生命的名词,如my sister's books,或用于表示时间、距离的名词,如today's newspaper。如用介词of表示所有关系,应为the muscles of my legs,所以可排除B、D。

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