2019届二轮复习解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系(6页word版)

2019届二轮复习解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系(6页word版)
2019届二轮复习解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系(6页word版)

2019届二轮复习解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系

■摘要:

语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。语篇衔接中的逻辑关系非常重要,因为它能展现出作者的写作思路和篇章的意义。

高考对逻辑关系的考查主要有两种:一是考查逻辑关系的关联词;二是考查通过逻辑关系来推断出正确的答案。因此,解题时,一定要重视语篇中前后句或上下文之间的逻辑关系,由逻辑关系中已知的部分推断出未知的部分,从而大幅提高解题能力。

高考英语完形填空中主要有以下十种逻辑关系

1

因果关系

文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词,如:because, so, as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。

[例1]

music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)

46. A. because B. but

C. though

D. so

解析:本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。句意:他也许弹(钢琴)得并不特别好,因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错,并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。他弹得不够好,也许是因为钢琴不太适合他,是因果关系,故选A。

[例2]

hungry. (2017年北京卷)

36. A. jumping B. eating

C. crying

D. waving

解析:后一句中的“the man was homeles s and hungry(这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘)”表示原因,本句表示结果,即前果后因。由因推果,可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”,故选B。

2

条件关系

条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件,主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。常见关联词有if, unless, on condition that等。

[例3]“I can help, Mum!” James said. “_____44_____ I can make you and Dad feel better, can Brett come over? Please?”(2014年江西卷)

44. A. As B. If C. Since D. Before

解析:“如果我能让你和父亲感觉好一点儿”与“Brett能过来吗?”是条件与结果的关系,故选B。

[例4](a deadly infectious

soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. (2016年北京卷)

37. A. harmless B. helpless

C. fearless

D. careless

解析:由从句条件推知主句结果。由“如果这种(主要传染给孩子的致命的)疾病袭击了这个镇子”可推知,“Nome镇的孩子们就会很无助了”,故选B。

3

让步关系

一般说来,让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。介词类的让步关联词有despite,in spite of, regardless of等,连词类有though,although,as和while以及even if, even though等。

[例5] us with her will and

asset(财富)one can hold is the heart.”(2016年天津卷)

33. A. Although B. Since

C.Once

D. Because

解析:由主句“the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart (然而,一个人拥有的最大财富是内心)”可推知空格所在句句意为“虽然或尽管技巧和天赋能带来巨大的成功”,故选A。

[例6]Hard though she tried to make the kids _____40_____, the thunder won the battle for their attention. (2013年重庆卷)

40.A.concentrate B.change

C.hide D.sit

解析:考查通过让步关系推断出正确答案。根据though可知,前后分句之间为让步关系。句意为“尽管她尽力让孩子们集中注意力,雷声却吸引了孩子们的注意力”。故选A。

4

转折关系

当前后两句的逻辑关系为转折关系时,前句往往提出某种事实或情况,后句转而陈述与前句相反或相对的意思,即后句才是说话人所要表达的真正意图。常见关联词:however, but, on the contrary等。

[例7]We went 10—1 and I was named most valuable

player,_____48_____I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.(2016年全国Ⅱ卷)

48. A.and B.then C.but D.thus

解析:“我被命名为最有价值的运动员”与“我常做恶梦被责备”是转折关系,故选项C正确。

[例8]

38. A. Moreover B. Therefore

C. Otherwise

D. However

解析:因“韦尔奇医生迫切需要药品来预防小孩子们患病”与“最近的药品供应站也在一千英里之外的安克雷奇”为转折关系,故选D。

[例9]

have gotten in school,but ,because they had to work them out on their own. (2015 年全国Ⅱ卷)

40.A. harmful to B.mixed with

C.different from D.applied to

解析:由转折连词but后一分句可推知整句的句意为“她们学到的经验可能与将在学校得到的并无区别(different from),但一定更加个性化,更有意义,因为她们必须靠自己来弄清楚”,故选C。

5

对比关系

当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时,两句在意义上应具有明显的差异,以便进行对照比较。常见关联词:while, whereas, not….. but, instead等。

[例10]

would have caused)

58. https://www.360docs.net/doc/eb6571847.html,stly B.Thus

C.Instead

D.However

解析:考查对比关系的关联词。“I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant(我很快意识到安静不是不令人愉快的)”和“if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less(如果当时有口语交流,那只会造成我们学的手语更少)”是对比关系,故选C。

[例11]Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact (接触)

countries年全国Ⅰ卷)

B. on the other hand

C. in a similar way

D. by all means

解析:“拉丁美洲的人相互之间身体接触较多”与前一句“北欧人通常不喜欢身体的接触,即使是朋友,当然更不用说陌生人”之间为对比关系,用on the other hand(另一方面),故选B。

6

并列关系

在用并列连词and或not only…but also把两个互相独立的简单句连接而成的复合句中,前后句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系,既可以是同近义并列,也可以反义并列。解题时,可从一个简单句推知正确答案。

[例12] Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. He had the

(2017年新课标Ⅱ卷)

46. A. misfortune

C. dishonesty

D. mistake

解析:根据并列连词and和前一分句中的fun以及46空前面的saddest不难判断:两分句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系,且是反义并列,故选A。

[例13]

accomplishments. (2016年天津卷)

30. A. cheer on B. compete with

C. respond to

D. run after

解析:根据“and praise their accomplishments”可推知,30空应为:为某人鼓劲加油,故选A。

7

递进关系

所谓递进关系,是指后一分句以前一分句为基点,并在程度或范围上比前一分句有更进一层的语义关系。常见关联词有even, besides, what’s more等。

[例14]They had begun to integrate (融合) the kinds of play and teamwork they

年全国II卷)

C.seldom

D.again

解析:前文说她们把前一天从对手身上“看到”的技巧和合作精神融入到自己的比赛中。由“她们表现得很有进攻性”与“(甚至)还进了一球”是递进关系,故选A。

[例15] Whatever failures I suffer in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something. _____46_____, through ironing I've learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems. (2014年湖南卷)

46. A. Instead B. Besides

C. Otherwise

D. However

解析:“无论我在生活中遇到什么失败,熨烫衣服说明我还有某种强项”与“(而且)通过熨烫衣服,我已经学会了解决最难问题的方法”之间为递进关系,故选B。

8

解释关系

解释关系是指一个句子对另一个句子、短语或单词进行解释或说明。解释的方法既可通过某些动词(mean, be和suggest等),也可通过某些符号(破折号,冒号和括号等),或者关联词(for example/instance, namely等)。这里只讨论句子之间的解释关系。

[例16]

recognizing the efforts of young people to change the world.(2017年北京卷)

51. A. praises B. invitations

C. replies

D. appointments

解析:由for example可知,两句之间为解释关系。并且由后一句的句意“例如,她获得2007年度的BRICK Award大奖”可知,51空处应表示“奖励”,故选A。

[例17]On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to cross a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most_____48_____ part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. (2016年北京卷)

48. A. shameful B. boring

C. dangerous

D. foolish

解析:空后的句子“Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. ”是对48空所在句子的解释,由这一解释可知“这是旅途中最危险的一部分”,故选C。

9

顺序关系

当前后句之间的逻辑关系为顺序关系时,它们往往表示某一事件或动作的连续发生。值得注意的是,顺序关系有时不是指前后句之间,而是存在于上下段或上下文之间。常见关联词有to begin with, first of all, first(ly), second(ly), then, next, in the end, finally, last but not least 等。

[例18]entered “The

special gift, … (2017年新课标Ⅱ卷)

47. A. changed B. approached

C. returned

D. ended

解析:前文说作者正在教小学,根据“I gave the kids a special gift ”,可知从句应表示“在本学年结束之前”,故选D。

[例19]And I went into a speech about how hard I worked and the gains I was making. I must have talked for ten minutes. Kurt listened patiently, but then

“You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do

)

42. A. eagerly B. gradually

C. gratefully

D. finally

解析:由信号词then可知,前后分句之间的逻辑关系为顺序关系。根据语境可知:耐心听完之后,Kurt才最后微笑着说“You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you?”。故选D。

10

时间关系

时间状语从句常由when, while, after, before, as soon as等引导。解题时一定要认真研究前后句之间的逻辑关系,结合语境推断出最佳选项。

[例20]

medicine to the next musher, Shannon’s face was black from the extreme

cold. (2016年北京卷)

46. A. Though B. Since

C. When

D. If

解析:前后句之间的逻辑关系为时间关系,且从句意(当他把药给下一位赶狗拉雪橇的人的时候,Shannon的脸因极度的寒冷而冻得发黑。)来判定46空处应为:当……的时候,故选C。

[例21]In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music

,turning up

年江苏卷)

38. A. before B. after

C. until

D. since

解析:根据38空的前后句可知Gabriel不喜欢音乐,其中的一个原因就是学音乐的学生要比规定的到校时间早几个小时到校去练习音乐,故选A。

(完整word)2017年全国高考英语试卷3完形填空部分答案祥解

2017年全国高考英语试卷3完形填空部分答案祥解 贵州玉屏中学冯游洪 2017. 7 41. 选C 根据下文,机票受赠者必须名叫Elizabeth Gallagher并持有加拿大护照等“限制”而得知 42. 选 B A. 原籍 B. 护照 C. 口音 D. 朋友依据常识,做环球旅行须持护照,故选B 43. 选 D A. 假日结束,意味着机票着废,故不能选。B,不存在婚姻结束,因为前面 说明了他们只是男女朋友关系,故不能选。C 环球旅行梦想结束,机票着废,固不能选。D 由于男女朋友关系结束, 他俩的环球旅行未能成行, 故机票送人, 所以选D. 44. 选A 尽管环球旅行未能成行,但那男的不想浪费他前女友的那张机票,故选A 45. 选A A. 规定;政策 B. 命令 C. payment 支付 D. 日程安排根据航 空公司机票不可转让的规定, 故选A 46. 选 B 订票时, 护照信息没有作要求, 其余A申请,C核对,D讨价还价不符题意, 故选B 47. 选A 任何名叫Elizabeth Gallagher的人都可以使用这张机票,故选A 48. 选C A. 牺牲 B. 表达 C. 体验;亲历 D. 提供根据语境, 机票受赠人可亲历环球 旅行, 故选C 49. 选 C 男主人将此次的机票赠与信息发布在社交网站上, 其它 A答复, B建议, D评 价意义不符, 故选C 50. 选 B 根据上下文语境,收到几千人的电邮,其中包括30个人名字都叫Elizabeth Gallagher 并持有对应的,恰当的护照,A 相同的 C新的 D真的不符语境,故选 B,因为那30个人没可能都持 A相同的 C 新的护照 D 真的护照在此显然不符语境. 废话!出入境谁使用假护照? 51. 选 A 根据下文,有几百人竟然有趣的将自己的名字改成Elizabeth Gallagher此处 只能是更有趣的是,故选A. 其它如 B更令人生气的是 C 更令人满意的是 D 更令人信服的是与语境不符。

完整word版,2019年全国I卷英语高考真题

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I) 英语 注意事项: 1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分) 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例:How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. Where does this conversation take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In a museum. 2. What does Jack want to do? A. Take fitness classes. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. What to drink. B. Where to meet. C. When to leave. 4. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Classmates. C. Strangers. 5. Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation? A. She might want a ticket. B. She is looking for the man. C. She has an extra ticket. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

2017年高考英语二轮复习专题02完形填空(练)(含解析)

专题2 完型填空 [2015·全国卷Ⅰ] My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ __41__ my job. Family to Feed.” At this store, a __42__ like this is not normal. My 10-year-old no ticed him and made a __43__ on how bad it must be to have to stand __44__ in the cold wind. In the store, I asked each of my kids to __45__ something they thought our “friend” there would __46__. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a __47__. I thought about it. We were __48__ on each ourselves, but…well, sometimes __49__ from our need instead of our abundance is __50__ what we need to do! All the kids __51__ something they could do away with for the week. When we handed him the bag of __52__, he lit up and thanked us with __53__ eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for __54__his family might need, he burst into tears. This has been a wonderful __55__ for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can __56__! Things would have played out so __57__ if I had simply said, “No, we really don't have __58__ to give more.” Steppin g out not only helped a brother in __59__, it also gave my kids the __60__ taste of helping others. It'll go a long way with them. 41. A.Lost B.Changed C.Quit D.Finished 42. A.condition B.place C.sight D.show 43. A.suggestion B.comment C.decision D.call 44. A.outside B.proudly C.by D.angrily 45. A.draw B.say C.arrange D.pick 46. A.order B.supply C.appreciate D.discover 47. A.dollar B.job C.hot meal D.gift card 48. A.easy B.low C.soft D.loose 49. A.giving B.saving C.spending D.begging 50. A.yet B.even C.still D.just 51. A.declared B.shared C.ignored D.expected

2019届高考物理二轮复习专题六原子物理学案

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物理图像问题 22题 23题

24题25题

20题23题22题

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